A concept analysis of burn care in nursing

Comparison of the effects of burn assessment mission game with feedback lecture on nursing students' knowledge and skills in the burn patients' assessment: a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND

Learning of burn patient assessment is very important, but heart-breaking for nursing students. This study aimed to compare the effects of feedback lecture method with a serious game (BAM Game) on nursing students' knowledge and skills in the assessment of burn patients.

METHOD

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 42 nursing students in their 5th semester at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences School of Nursing and Midwifery, were randomly assigned to intervention (BAM game, available for two weeks) and control (feedback lecture method presented in two 90-minute sessions) groups. Two weeks after the intervention, all students were evaluated for their knowledge (using knowledge assessment test) and skills (using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination). Statistical analysis involved independent t-test, Fisher's exact test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and univariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression models.

RESULTS

Following the intervention, the skill scores were 16.4 (SD 2.2) for the intervention group and 11.8 (SD 3.8) for the control group. Similarly, the knowledge scores were 17.4 (SD 2.2) for the intervention group and 14.7 (SD 2.6) for the control group. Both differences were statistically significant (P < .001). These differences remained significant even after adjusting for various factors such as age, gender, marital status, residence, university entrance exam rank, and annual GPA (P < .05). Furthermore, the BAM game group showed significantly higher skills rank than the feedback lecture group across most stations (eight of ten) (P < .05) in the univariable analysis. Multivariable analysis also revealed a significantly higher skills score across most stations even after adjusting for the mentioned factors (P < .05). These results suggest that the BAM game group had higher skills scores over a range of 1.5 to 3.9 compared to the feedback lecture group.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated that nursing students who participated in the BAM game group exhibited superior performance in knowledge acquisition and skill development, compared to those in the control group. These results underscore a significant enhancement in educational outcomes for students involved with the BAM game, confirming its utility as a potent and effective pedagogical instrument within the realm of nursing education.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20220410054483N1, Registration date: 18/04/2022.

Effects of a Spiritual Care Program on Body Image and Resilience in Patients with Second-Degree Burns in Iran

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of a spiritual care program (SCP), on the body image and resilience of second-degree burn patients in Iran. In this semi-experimental study, 60 patients with second-degree burns were selected in the Tehran Mottahari Burns Hospital, Iran in 2022. These patients were divided through random allocation into two intervention and control groups. The patients of both groups filled out Beck's self-esteem Test (BSCT) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) before, immediately, and 3 months after the intervention. In the intervention group, SCP was performed for eight sessions over two weeks. Firstly, the 4D Model of Spiritual Health and Well-Being was examined, then two one-hour sessions were held with each patient about each dimension, with a total of four dimensions including eight sessions, in which these dimensions were examined and discussed. There was no difference in the score of body image (P = 0.326) and resilience (P = 0.597) before intervention in the control and intervention groups. However, the mean of body image score in the intervention group immediately (109.56 ± 4.86) and 3 months after (109.16 ± 6.06) the intervention was significant, respectively. Also, the mean of resilience score in the intervention group was significant immediately (85.86 ± 6.78) and 3 months after the intervention (85.73 ± 6.27). It is suggested for healthcare providers to use the SCPs to reduce the recovery time of burned patients and reduce complications and treatment costs.

The effect of hybrid simulated burn care training on nursing students' knowledge, skills, and empathy: A randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Although improvements in burn care have increased the probability of survival in recent years, major complications are still common in burn patients. Nursing students should be competent to evaluate and intervene in the burn.

OBJECTIVE

To examine the effects of hybrid simulated burn care training on nursing students' knowledge, skills, and empathy.

DESIGN

In this study, a randomised experimental design was used.

PARTICIPANTS

This study was conducted on third-year undergraduate nursing students.

METHODS

Students in this study were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the Hybrid Simulated Group (N = 26) and the Control Group (N = 30). Standard Education training was completed by all participants. Only the hybrid simulation group students received training on the standardised patient with wearable burn plasters. Students' knowledge of burn care was assessed using an information questionnaire immediately following the theoretical training and after training for three weeks. An Objective Structured Clinical Exam was used to assess students' abilities. The Objective Structured Clinical Exam was convened three weeks after the theoretical training. The Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale was used to assess the students' empathy ability level immediately following the theoretical training and three weeks later.

RESULTS

After the intervention, nursing students in the Hybrid Simulated group had improved empathy, knowledge, skills of physical assessment, and implementation of interventions and referral criteria on burn care (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Simulated burn training could be utilised to improve nursing students' empathy, knowledge, and skills of physical assessment evaluation of interventions and referral criteria on burn care.

Examining the perceived stress and body image in burn patients: A cross-sectional study

This study aimed to examine the perceived stress and body image in burn patients and the relationship between these two variables. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The study included total of 144 patients who had burn injuries, received treatment in a research and training hospital and were scheduled to be discharged. The data were collected prospectively by the researchers, using descriptive methods, Kruskal Wallis test, paired samples t test, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Of the patients, 59% were between the ages of 18 and 35 years, 68.1% were male, 65.3% had second-degree burns, 77.1% had burn surfaces ranging between 10% and 20% of their body, and 54.9% had autograft surgery. The burn patients aged 51 years and over had higher perceived stress than younger patients, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.05). As the percentage of burn surface increased, the perceived stress increased, and the perceived body image weakened (P < 0.05). The burn patients with autograft surgery had lower perceived stress and higher perceived body image than those without autograft surgery, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.01). This study found an inverse relationship between perceived stress and body image in burn patients, which was affected by the percentage of burn surface and autograft surgery. Relevant interventions are suggested to increase perceived body image in burn patients and reduce their perceived stress.

Development and psychometric testing of burn inpatient nursing dependency assessment scale

AIMS

The aim was to develop and psychometrically test the burn inpatient nursing dependency assessment scale (BINDAS).

DESIGN

This was a scale development study.

METHODS

This study was conducted in four phases from November 2019 to November 2021. Items were generated and the initial scale was constructed in phase 1. The preliminary evaluation of items was conducted through expert reviews and a pilot study in phase 2. The scale, including item quality, reliability and validity, was validated with 420 individuals in phase 3. The translation of the scale from Chinese to English was performed in phase 4.

RESULTS

Content validity was satisfactory. Thirteen items were retained after item analysis, and three factors accounting for 73% of the total item variance were extracted through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Predictive validity with nursing time spent with patients during 24 h was also estimated, with r = .66 (p < .01). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted, and an area under the curve of the scale of 0.94 was obtained. Concurrent validity with Barthel index was estimated, with r = -.71 (p < .01). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for scale was .93, and the correlation between raters for total scores was .95.

CONCLUSION

Burn inpatient nursing dependency assessment scale is a psychometrically valid and reliable measurement instrument as well as objective other-rating scale with 12 items for scoring on a four-point scale (0, 1, 2 or 3) and 1 item for scoring on a two-point scale (0 or 2). BINDAS with 13 items was developed in this study. Nurses can give each patient a total score of 0-38. A high score indicates high nursing dependency. The 13-item scale consists of three factors: basic care need, physiological index, and psychology and adaptation.

IMPACT

This scale demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used to evaluate patient dependency on nurses in burn units and optimize an individual's care plan to achieve efficient staff allocation.