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Li L, Wang XH, Nanfack A, Kong XP, Gorny MK. The light chain of antibodies specific to the V2 region of HIV-1 can determine their function. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:923-929. [PMID: 34340867 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We studied the contribution of the light chain to functions of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by measuring the relationships between the rate of mutations and cross-reactivity, binding affinity and neutralization activity. We analyzed 12 mAbs of two clonal families specific to the V2 region of HIV-1 derived from two chronically HIV-1 infected individuals. The clonal mAbs exhibited a range of reactivities, and the clones with superior properties were associated with the rate of mutations and the presence of particular mutated residues in the light chains, but not in the heavy chains. Our observations suggest that for some antibodies, the light chains play a vital role in antibody evolution toward more efficient ones and also suggest the importance of optimal residues rather than the rate of mutations in the variable fragment of the antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhe Li
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aubin Nanfack
- Medical Diagnostic Center (MDC), Yaoundé, Cameroon; Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miroslaw K Gorny
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Lee SJ, Bong JH, Jung J, Sung JS, Kang MJ, Jose J, Pyun JC. Screening of biotin-binding F V-antibodies from autodisplayed F V-library on E. coli outer membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1169:338627. [PMID: 34088371 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate FV-antibodies with biotin-binding activity from a FV-antibody library that was successfully screened on the outer membrane of E. coli. The aims were achieved by (1) preparing a library of FV-antibodies on the outer membrane of E. coli using autodisplay technology, (2) screening the FV-antibodies with biotin-binding activity from the FV-antibody library, and (3) synthesizing peptides (molecular weight of several kDa) from the biotin-binding amino acid sequence of FV-antibodies. An FV-antibody library with a diversity of 1.7 × 105 clones was prepared on the outer membrane of E. coli, using a surface display method called autodisplay technology. For the screening of biotin-binding FV-antibodies, the fluorescence-labeled biotin was introduced into the library, and the target E. coli with biotin-binding activity were screened using flow cytometry. For the screened E. coli clones, the binding affinity (KD) of Fv-antibodies against biotin was calculated and the binding properties of the screened FV-antibody were analyzed through competition assay with a synthetic peptide having the biotin-like activity. From the FRET experiment with the synthetic peptide corresponding to the CDR3 region of the screened Fv-antibody, the biotin-binding activity of the screened FV-antibody was proved to be originated from the CDR3. Finally, the applicability of the biotin-binding domain was demonstrated through the co-expression with a protein called Z-domain with antibody binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Bong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jaeyong Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jeong Soo Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Barroso R, Morrison WI, Morrison LJ. Molecular Dissection of the Antibody Response: Opportunities and Needs for Application in Cattle. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1175. [PMID: 32595642 PMCID: PMC7304342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving understanding of the bovine adaptive immune response would equip researchers to more efficiently design interventions against pathogens that impact upon food security and animal welfare. There are features of the bovine antibody response that differ substantially from other mammalian species, including the best understood models in the human and mouse. These include the ability to generate a functionally diverse immunoglobulin response despite having a fraction of the germline gene diversity that underpins this process in humans and mice, and the unique structure of a subset of immunoglobulins with "ultralong" HCDR3 domains, which are of significant interest with respect to potential therapeutics, including against human pathogens. However, a more detailed understanding of the B cell response and the production of an effective antibody response in the bovine is currently hampered by the lack of reagents for the B cell lineage. In this article we outline the current state of knowledge and capabilities with regard to B cell and antibody responses in cattle, highlight resource gaps, and summarize recent advances that have the potential to fundamentally advance our understanding of this process in the bovine host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Barroso
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - W Ivan Morrison
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Liam J Morrison
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Mesgari-Shadi A, Sarrafzadeh MH, Barar J, Omidi Y. Cost-effective batch production process of scFv antibody in Escherichia coli. Hum Antibodies 2018. [PMID: 29526846 DOI: 10.3233/hab-180333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cost-effective production of antibody (Ab) fragments is of great interests of many pharmaceutical industries, in large part due to their high usages in research, diagnosis and therapy. Thus, the production of Abs necessitates accomplishment of the optimal strategies. OBJECTIVE In this study, based on the induction start time using arabinose, we implemented a novel strategy for the cost-effective production of single chain variable fragment (scFv) in Escherichia coli (E. coli). METHODS Complex and minimum media were used to investigate the batch fermentation in 50 mL batch tubes to find the optimum conditions for the production of a scFv in the Escherichia coli HB2151. RESULTS Arabinose was used as an appropriate economical alternative of isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for the production of scFv antibody. The optimum concentration of arabinose as an inducer was 0.1% (w/w), while below this point the scFv production yield (YP/X) decreased significantly. The start time of the induction of E. coli HB2151 cells was adjusted to the stationary phase of the growth, and the results showed higher specific scFv production yields up to 0.9 mg scFv/g biomass in the minimum media. The optimum induction duration times for the complex and minimum media were about 12 and 24 hours, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We propose this method to possibly be used for the large-scale production of recombinant proteins/peptides such as scFv and Fab antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mesgari-Shadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mesgari-Shadi A, Sarrafzadeh MH. Osmotic conditions could promote scFv antibody production in the Escherichia coli HB2151. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2017; 7:199-206. [PMID: 29159147 PMCID: PMC5684511 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies are reduced forms of the whole antibodies that could be regarded as an alternative tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The optimization of processes and environmental conditions is necessary to increase the production yields and enhance the productivity. This can result in a cost-effective process and respond to the high demand for these antibodies. Methods: In this research, physical and chemical factors influencing the batch fermentation was investigated in 50 mL batch tubes using minimum media to find the optimum conditions for production of a single chain variable fragment antibody in the Escherichia coli HB2151. Experimental designs were used to screen the effective parameters and to optimize the main factors. Results: Arabinose was used instead of IPTG as a cheaper and nontoxic inducer and its optimum concentration was determined 0.1% (w/w). Induction duration time and filling volume fraction were set on the relatively better states 24 hours and 1/10 respectively. Regarding our previous study, stationary phase of the cell growth was selected as induction start time that showed higher specific scFv production yields (YP/X) in the minimum media. Finally, a statistical experimental design was extended to a central composite design (CCD) and analysis was performed based on sucrose and sorbitol concentrations producing osmotic condition for induction. The optimum region in the contour plot for the periplasmic scFv production was an osmotic circle area with total sugar molarity 0.8 to 0.9. Conclusion: Sugars such as sucrose and sorbitol producing osmotic conditions could lead to periplasmic scFv concentrations up to 2.85 mg/L of culture media improving scFv concentration near to five times of the average of the screening step (0.59 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mesgari-Shadi
- Biotechnology Group, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Pasman Y, Merico D, Kaushik AK. Preferential expression of IGHV and IGHD encoding antibodies with exceptionally long CDR3H and a rapid global shift in transcriptome characterizes development of bovine neonatal immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:495-507. [PMID: 27601209 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With an objective to understand natural development of bovine neonatal immunity, we analyzed 18 RNA-seq libraries from peripheral blood lymphocytes of three neonatal calves pre- (day 0) and post-colostrum (7, 14 and 28) uptake as compared to their dams. A significant global shift in neonatal transcriptome occurs within first week post-birth, in contrast to dams, with an upregulation of 717 genes. Global pathway analysis of the transcriptome revealed 110 differentially expressed immune-related genes, such as, complement, MHCII, chemokine receptors, defensins and cytokines, at birth. The signaling molecules (LAX1, BLK) and transcription factors (GATA3, FOXP3) are expressed at high levels. High expression of GATA3 transcription factor at birth seems to skew the neonatal immune response towards TH2 type. The high levels of T-cell signaling molecules, CD3G and CD3D, at birth are important in neonatal T cell development. Unlike adults, IGKC expression is high in the neonates where IGKV12 is preferentially expressed at birth. But IGLC is predominant in both neonates and adult where IGLV3.4 is preferentially expressed in B cells at birth. Both IGHM and IGHD are expressed at birth and IGHM achieves adult levels by day 7. This is followed by IGHA and IGHG expression 14-28 days post-birth. Importantly, preferential expression of IGHV1S1(BF4E9) and longest IGHD2(DH2) genes that encode immunoglobulin with exceptionally long CDR3H at birth indicates their critical role, as B cell antigen receptor, in the B cell development via idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions. The transcriptome signatures described here permit assessment bovine neonatal immunocompetence. Bovine neonates acquire innate and IgM-mediated humoral immunocompetence within first week post-birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yfke Pasman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Daniele Merico
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Azad K Kaushik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Pasman Y, Soliman C, Ramsland PA, Kaushik AK. Exceptionally long CDR3H of bovine scFv antigenized with BoHV-1 B-epitope generates specific immune response against the targeted epitope. Mol Immunol 2016; 77:113-25. [PMID: 27497190 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We discovered that some bovine antibodies are amongst the largest known to exist due to the presence of an exceptionally long CDR3H (≥49 amino acids) with multiple cysteines that provide a unique knob and stalk structure to the antigen binding site. The large CDR3H size, unlike mouse and human, provides a suitable platform for antigenization with large configurational B-epitopes. Here we report the identification of a B-epitope on the gC envelope protein of bovine herpes virus type-1 (BoHV-1) recognized by a bovine IgG1 antibody. The identified 156 amino acid long gC fragment (gC156) was expressed as a recombinant protein. Subsequently, a functional scFv fragment with a 61 amino-acid long CDR3H (scFv1H12) was expressed such that gC156 was grafted into the CDR3H, replacing the "knob" region (gC156scFv1H12 or Ag-scFv). Importantly, the Ag-scFv could be recognized by a neutralizing antibody fragment (scFv3-18L), which suggests that the engraftment of gC156 into the CDR3H of 1H12 maintained the native conformation of the BoHV-1 B-epitope. A 3D model of gC156 was generated using fold-recognition approaches and this was grafted onto the CDR3H stalk of the 1H12 Fab crystal structure to predict the 3D structure of the Ag-scFv. The grafted antigen in Ag-scFv is predicted to have a compact conformation with the ability to protrude into the solvent. Upon immunization of bovine calves, the antigenized scFv (gC156scFv1H12) induced a higher antibody response as compared to free recombinant gC156. These observations suggest that antigenization of bovine scFv with an exceptionally long CDR3H provides a novel approach to developing the next generation of vaccines against infectious agents that require induction of protective humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yfke Pasman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Caroline Soliman
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Paul A Ramsland
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Surgery Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Azad K Kaushik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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