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Cheriet N, Topçu M, Hirst W, Bastin C, Folville A. A day that America will remember: flashbulb memory, collective memory, and future thinking for the capitol riots. Memory 2023; 31:715-731. [PMID: 36943843 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2190570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study explores the topics of flashbulb memory, collective identity, future thinking, and shared representations for a public event. We assessed the memories of the Capitol Riots, which happened in Washington DC, on 6 January 2021. Seventy Belgian and seventy-nine American citizens participated in an online study, in which they freely recalled the unfolding of Capitol Riots and answered questions regarding their memory. Inter-subjects similarity of recalled details was analysed using a schematic narrative template (i.e., the event, the causes and the consequences). Results revealed that representations of the event, and its causes were more similar among Belgians compared to Americans, whereas Americans' representations of the consequences showed more similarity than Belgians'. Also, as expected, Americans reported more flashbulb memories (FBMs) than Belgians. The analysis underlined the importance of rehearsal through media and communication in FBM formation. This research revealed a novel relation between FBM and future representations. Regardless of national identity, participants who formed an FBM were more likely to think that the event would be remembered in the future, that the government should memorialise the event, and that a similar attack on the Capitol could happen in the future compared to participants who did not form FBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawël Cheriet
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Meymune Topçu
- New School for Social Research, University of New School, New-York, NY, USA
| | - William Hirst
- New School for Social Research, University of New School, New-York, NY, USA
| | - Christine Bastin
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- F.R.S.-Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adrien Folville
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- F.R.S.-Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bruxelles, Belgium
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“I remember the attack”: a pilot study investigating flashbulb memory in individuals with schizophrenia. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFlashbulb memories are autobiographical memories for important and emotional events, which have the particularity of being at the intersection of personal and public events. Autobiographical memory impairments are highly prevalent in schizophrenia, a psychiatric condition intrinsically linked to self-disorders. Thus, we aimed to evaluate flashbulb and event memory functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. Twenty-four individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 25 control participants were tested on a flashbulb memory questionnaire about the July 14th, 2016, Nice (France) terrorist attack, including questions on flashbulb and event memory, certainty, vividness, rehearsal, emotion, novelty, consequentiality, implication, and importance. Participants also underwent cognitive assessments. Analysis showed lower scores for both flashbulb and event memories in patients compared to control participants. Subjective ratings of the phenomenological characteristics of flashbulb memory were similar between the two groups overall. However, individuals with schizophrenia reported having higher levels of emotion when they first learned about the attack compared to the control group. Our results replicate findings of impaired autobiographical memory functioning in schizophrenia and extend these findings to public events. Our findings also indicate that flashbulb memories may lead to substantial contextual recall in schizophrenia patients and that collective memories, such as a terrorist attack, can have a profound emotional impact on patients.
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Ribeiro A, Marques M, Roberto MS, Raposo A. Memory footprint: Predictors of flashbulb and event memories of the 2016 Euro Cup final. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1116747. [PMID: 36895748 PMCID: PMC9990819 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Two years after Portugal won the UEFA European Championship, we examined what the Portuguese remember of this momentous occasion. We investigated if flashbulb memories (FBMs) and event memories (EMs) were determined by distinct factors, and whether EM was a predictor of FBM. Participants responded to an online questionnaire about their FBM, EM and set of predictors. Structural equation modeling revealed that FBM and EM were associated with different pathways. Interest in football predicted importance which triggered emotional intensity which predicted personal rehearsal, a direct determinant of FBMs. On the other pathway, interest determined knowledge about football, the main predictor of EMs. Importantly, EM was a causal determinant of FBM which shows that the memory trace for the original event enhances memory for the reception context. The findings suggests that even though the two types of memories are determined by independent factors, they interact very closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Ribeiro
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Marques
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Magda S Roberto
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Raposo
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Martin-Ibañez L, Roman P, Diaz-Córtes MDM, Fernández-Sola C, Granero-Molina J, Cardona D. Intentional mass-casualty incident simulation-based training: A qualitative study into nursing students' perceptions and experiences. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 105:105051. [PMID: 34256215 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of intentional mass casualty incidents (IMCI) has increased in recent years, and hemorrhage control is one of the important life-saving techniques used in these events. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to understand the perceptions and experiences of nursing students subjected to a simulated intentional mass-casualty incident after receiving a training action within their curriculum, focused on how to respond to active threats and bleeding control. DESIGN A qualitative phenomenological study on nursing students (n = 74) enrolled in the Nursing Care for Critical Patients course, facing a simulated IMCI in November 2019. DATA SOURCES A total of 7 focus groups were performed, containing 8 to 12 participants each. FINDINGS Participants reported a feeling of vulnerability and fear of an IMCI occurrence. Based on this context, the participants reported not knowing how to react to this type of situation, which is why training activities such as this one is seen as a way of improving participants' self-protection and safety. Likewise, a simulated IMCI is considered useful for any citizen and as a training exercise for life-saving techniques, such as hemorrhage control. CONCLUSIONS Training on the subject of hemorrhage control using a simulated IMCI setting could increase self-efficacy and self-control, as well as reducing feelings of fear and vulnerability. Such training intervention could be primary prevention measures of an IMCI as well as a sustainable way to train knowledge-transmitting instructors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martin-Ibañez
- Artillery Campaign Group, Light Infantry Brigade "Rey Alfonso XIII" II of La Legión, Almería, Spain
| | - Pablo Roman
- Departament of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Universidad de Almería, Spain; Research Group CTS-451 Health Sciences, Universidad de Almería, Spain; Research Center Health Sciences (CEINSA), Universidad de Almería, Spain.
| | | | - Cayetano Fernández-Sola
- Departament of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Universidad de Almería, Spain; Research Group CTS-451 Health Sciences, Universidad de Almería, Spain; Research Center Health Sciences (CEINSA), Universidad de Almería, Spain
| | - José Granero-Molina
- Departament of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Universidad de Almería, Spain; Research Group CTS-451 Health Sciences, Universidad de Almería, Spain; Research Center Health Sciences (CEINSA), Universidad de Almería, Spain
| | - Diana Cardona
- Departament of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Universidad de Almería, Spain; Research Center Health Sciences (CEINSA), Universidad de Almería, Spain
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Schmidt SR, Qiao L. A comparison of Chinese and American memories for public events. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Schmidt
- Psychology DepartmentMiddle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro Tennessee U.S.A
| | - Lijuan Qiao
- School of Humanities and ManagementZhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou China
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Nandrino JL, Gandolphe MC, Saloppe X, Daoudi M, Moustafa AA, El Haj M. The face of memory: experiential avoidance and facial expressions during the retrieval of autobiographical memories. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2019.1637879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Louis Nandrino
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Marie Charlotte Gandolphe
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Saloppe
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
- Research Center in Social Defense, Tournai, Belgium
- Psychiatric Hospital, Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, France
| | - Mohamed Daoudi
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9189 – CRIStAL – Centre de Recherche en Informatique Signal et Automatique de Lille, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Faculté de Psychologie, LPPL – Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Gandolphe MC, Haj ME. Flashbulb memories for Paris attacks in Korsakoff's syndrome: a case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Univ. Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, France
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Seeing life through rose-colored spectacles: Autobiographical memory as experienced in Korsakoff’s syndrome. Conscious Cogn 2018; 60:9-16. [PMID: 29501971 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gandolphe MC, Nandrino JL, Delelis G, Ducro C, Lavallee A, Saloppe X, Moustafa AA, El Haj M. Positive facial expressions during retrieval of self-defining memories. J Integr Neurosci 2017; 17:367-376. [PMID: 29154290 DOI: 10.3233/jin-170073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated, for the first time, facial expressions during the retrieval of Self-defining memories (i.e., those vivid and emotionally intense memories of enduring concerns or unresolved conflicts). Participants self-rated the emotional valence of their Self-defining memories and autobiographical retrieval was analyzed with a facial analysis software. This software (Facereader) synthesizes the facial expression information (i.e., cheek, lips, muscles, eyebrow muscles) to describe and categorize facial expressions (i.e., neutral, happy, sad, surprised, angry, scared, and disgusted facial expressions). We found that participants showed more emotional than neutral facial expressions during the retrieval of Self-defining memories. We also found that participants showed more positive than negative facial expressions during the retrieval of Self-defining memories. Interestingly, participants attributed positive valence to the retrieved memories. These findings are the first to demonstrate the consistency between facial expressions and the emotional subjective experience of Self-defining memories. These findings provide valuable physiological information about the emotional experience of the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Charlotte Gandolphe
- Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France. E-mail:
| | - Jean Louis Nandrino
- Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France. E-mail:
| | - Gérald Delelis
- Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France. E-mail:
| | - Claire Ducro
- Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France. E-mail:
| | - Audrey Lavallee
- Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France. E-mail:
| | - Xavier Saloppe
- Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France. E-mail:
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France. E-mail: .,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
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