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Zhu X, Jiao J, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang H. The Release of Lipolytic Hormones during Various High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Regimens and Their Effects on Fat Loss. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:559-570. [PMID: 39228779 PMCID: PMC11366854 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the release of lipolytic hormones during various high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), and their effects on fat loss. 39 young women categorized as obese (with a body fat percentage (BFP) ≥30%) were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: all-out sprint interval training (SIT, n =10); supramaximal HIIT (HIIT120, 120%V̇O2peak, n = 10); HIIT (HIIT90, 90%V̇O2peak, n = 10), or MICT, (60%V̇O2peak, n = 9) for a twelve-week observation period consisting of 3 to 4 exercise sessions per week. Serum epinephrine (EPI) and growth hormone (GH) were measured during the 1st, 20th, and 44th training sessions. Body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), whole-body fat mass (FM) and BFP were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Following the 1st and 20th sessions, significant increases in EPI (p < 0.05) were observed post-exercise in HIIT120 and HIIT90, but not in SIT and MICT. In the 44th session, the increased EPI was found in SIT, HIIT120, and HIIT90, but not in MICT (p < 0.05). For the GH, a significant increase was observed post-exercise in all groups in the three sessions. The increased EPI and GH returned to baselines 3 hours post-exercise. After the 12-week intervention, significant reductions in FM and BFP were found in all groups, while reductions in BW and BMI were only found in the SIT and HIIT groups. Greater reductions in FM and BFP, in comparison to MICT, were observed in the SIT and HIIT groups (p < 0.05). 12-week SIT, HIIT120, and HIIT90, in comparison to MICT, were more efficacious in fat reduction in obese women, partly benefiting from the greater release of lipolytic hormones during training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangui Zhu
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio-Information, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Wuestenfeld JC, Kastner T, Hesse J, Fesseler L, Frohberg F, Rossbach C, Wolfarth B. Differences in Troponin I and Troponin T Release in High-Performance Athletes Outside of Competition. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1062. [PMID: 38256135 PMCID: PMC10816948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Troponin I and troponin T are critical biomarkers for myocardial infarction and damage and are pivotal in cardiological and laboratory diagnostics, including emergency settings. Rapid testing protocols have been developed for urgent care, particularly in emergency outpatient clinics. Studies indicate that strenuous physical activity can cause transient increases in these troponin levels, which are typically considered benign. This research focused on 219 elite athletes from national teams, evaluating their troponin I and T levels as part of routine sports medical exams, independent of competition-related physical stress. The results showed that 9.2% (18 athletes) had elevated troponin I levels above the reporting threshold, while their troponin T levels remained within the normal range. Conversely, only 0.9% (two athletes) had normal troponin I but raised troponin T levels, and 2.3% (five athletes) exhibited increases in both markers. No significant cardiovascular differences were noted between those with elevated troponin levels and those without. This study concludes that elevated troponin I is a common response to the intense physical training endured by high-performance endurance athletes, whereas troponin T elevation does not seem to be directly linked to physical exertion in this group. For cardiac assessments, particularly when ruling out cardiac damage in these athletes, troponin T might be a more reliable indicator than troponin I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C. Wuestenfeld
- Institute for Applied Training Science, Marschnerstrasse 29, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Sports Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Kastner
- Institute for Applied Training Science, Marschnerstrasse 29, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Sports Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Hesse
- Institute for Applied Training Science, Marschnerstrasse 29, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Sports Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leon Fesseler
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Sports Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Frohberg
- Institute for Applied Training Science, Marschnerstrasse 29, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cornelius Rossbach
- Institute for Applied Training Science, Marschnerstrasse 29, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Sports Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Institute for Applied Training Science, Marschnerstrasse 29, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Sports Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Chen TC, Chou TY, Nosaka K. Adequate Interval between Matches in Elite Female Soccer Players. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:614-625. [PMID: 38045739 PMCID: PMC10690515 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared four different intervals between three simulated soccer matches for changes in muscle damage and performance parameters. Thirteen well-trained female university soccer players performed three bouts of 90-min Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) with four different intervals between bouts; one (1d), two (2d), three (3d) and four days (4d), with >12-weeks between conditions in a counterbalanced order. Heart rate, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion and distance covered in each LIST were measured. Changes in several muscle damage markers (e.g., maximal voluntary isometric torque of the knee extensors: MVC-KE, muscle soreness), performance parameters (e.g., Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1: Yo-Yo IR1), and blood measures (e.g., osmolality, high sensitivity cardiac troponin T) before the first LIST, 1 h after each LIST, and one to five days after the third LIST were compared among the conditions. The total distance covered during the first two LISTs was not different among the conditions, but that during the third LIST was shorter (P < 0.05) for the 1d (9,416 ± 885 m) and 2d conditions (9,737 ± 246 m) than the 3d (10,052 ± 490 m) and 4d conditions (10,432 ± 538 m). Changes in all measures were smaller (P < 0.05) in the 3d and 4d conditions (e.g., the decrease in MVC-KE at one day after the third LIST was -13 ± 4% and -10 ± 3%, respectively) when compared with the 1d and 2d conditions (-20 ± 7%, -18 ± 5%). Performance parameters showed smaller (P < 0.05) changes in the 4d (e.g., the decrease in Yo-Yo IR1 at one day after the third LIST was -9 ± 3%) and 3d (-13 ± 6%) conditions when compared with the 1d (-19 ± 4%) and 2d (-20 ± 8%) conditions. These results suggest that muscle damage and fatigue accumulate when soccer matches are performed three consecutive days or every other day, but if more than three days are inserted between matches, this could be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor C Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ying Chou
- Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Somani YB, Uthman L, Aengevaeren VL, Rodwell L, Lip GYH, Hopman MTE, Van Royen N, Eijsvogels TMH, Thijssen DHJ. Exercise-induced release of cardiac troponin is attenuated with repeated bouts of exercise: impact of cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H519-H524. [PMID: 36763505 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00033.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged exercise can induce cardiac troponin release. As single bouts of exercise may protect against cardiac injury, we explored the hypothesis that the magnitude of exercise-induced release of troponin attenuates upon successive days of exercise. We also examined whether effects of successive exercise bouts differ between healthy participants and individuals with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and established cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations from whole venous blood samples collected from the antecubital vein (10 mL) in 383 participants (61 ± 14 yr) at rest and immediately following four consecutive days of long-distance walking (30-50 km/day). Participants were classified as either healthy (n = 222), CVRF (n = 75), or CVD (n = 86). Baseline cTnI concentrations were significantly higher in participants with CVD and CVRF compared with healthy (P < 0.001). Exercise-induced elevations in cTnI were observed in all groups following all days of walking compared with baseline (P < 0.001). Tobit regression analysis on absolute cTnI concentrations revealed a significant day × group interaction (P = 0.04). Following day 1 of walking, post hoc analysis showed that exercise-induced elevations in cTnI attenuated on subsequent days in healthy and CVRF, but not in CVD. Odds ratios for incident cTnI concentrations above the upper reference limit were significantly higher compared with baseline on day 1 for healthy participants (4.90 [95% CI, 1.58-15.2]) and participants with CVD (14.9 [1.86-125]) and remained significantly higher than baseline on all subsequent days in CVD. The magnitude of postexercise cTnI concentrations following prolonged walking exercise significantly declines upon repeated days of exercise in healthy individuals and those with CVRF, whereas this decline is not present in patients with CVD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show the magnitude of postexercise cardiac troponin concentrations following prolonged walking exercise significantly declines upon repeated days of exercise in healthy individuals and those with cardiovascular risk factors, while this decline is not present in patients with established cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasina B Somani
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laween Uthman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent L Aengevaeren
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Rodwell
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Van Royen
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Thijssen DHJ, Uthman L, Somani Y, van Royen N. Short-term exercise-induced protection of cardiovascular function and health: why and how fast does the heart benefit from exercise? J Physiol 2022; 600:1339-1355. [PMID: 35239189 PMCID: PMC9311195 DOI: 10.1113/jp282000#support-information-section] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise training has potent and powerful protective effects against the development of cardiovascular disease. These cardioprotective effects of regular exercise training are partly explained through the effects of exercise on traditional cardiovascular risk factors and improvement in cardiac and vascular health, which take several weeks to months to develop. This review focuses on the observation that single bouts of exercise may also possess an underrecognized, clinically useful form of immediate cardioprotection. Studies, performed in both animals and humans, demonstrate that single or short-term exercise-induced protection (SEP) attenuates the magnitude of cardiac and/or vascular damage in response to prolonged ischaemia and reperfusion injury. This review highlights preclinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that SEP activates multiple pathways to confer immediate protection against ischaemic events, reduce the severity of potentially lethal ischaemic myocardial injury, and therefore act as a physiological first line of defence against injury. Given the fact that the extent of SEP could be modulated by exercise-related and subject-related factors, it is important to recognize and consider these factors to optimize future clinical implications of SEP. This review also summarizes potential effector signalling pathways (i.e. communication between exercising muscles to vascular/cardiac tissue) and intracellular pathways (i.e. reducing tissue damage) that ultimately confer protection against cardiac and vascular injury. Finally, we discuss potential future directions for designing adequate human and animal studies that will support developing effective SEP strategies for the (multi-)diseased and aged individual. KEY POINTS: Single or short-term exercise-induced protection (SEP) attenuates the magnitude of cardiac and/or vascular damage in response to prolonged ischaemia and reperfusion injury (IR injury). SEP activates multiple pathways to confer cardiac protection, which develops remotely at the site of the activated muscle by release of circulating molecules, which transfer towards activation of intramyocardial signalling that promotes cell survival during episodes of IR injury. SEP represents an attractive intervention in aged individuals and in those with co-morbidities. The immediate protection, low cost and simplicity to increase the 'dose' of SEP offers unique opportunities in the clinical applications of SEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick H. J. Thijssen
- Radboud Institute for Health SciencesDepartments of PhysiologyNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLeicesterUK
| | - Laween Uthman
- Radboud Institute for Health SciencesDepartments of PhysiologyNijmegenThe Netherlands
- CardiologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Yasina Somani
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLeicesterUK
| | - Niels van Royen
- CardiologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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6
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Thijssen DHJ, Uthman L, Somani Y, Royen N. Short term exercise‐induced protection of cardiovascular function and health: Why and how fast does the heart benefit from exercise? J Physiol 2021; 600:1339-1355. [PMID: 35239189 PMCID: PMC9311195 DOI: 10.1113/jp282000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Regular exercise training has potent and powerful protective effects against the development of cardiovascular disease. These cardioprotective effects of regular exercise training are partly explained through the effects of exercise on traditional cardiovascular risk factors and improvement in cardiac and vascular health, which take several weeks to months to develop. This review focuses on the observation that single bouts of exercise may also possess an underrecognized, clinically useful form of immediate cardioprotection. Studies, performed in both animals and humans, demonstrate that single or short‐term exercise‐induced protection (SEP) attenuates the magnitude of cardiac and/or vascular damage in response to prolonged ischaemia and reperfusion injury. This review highlights preclinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that SEP activates multiple pathways to confer immediate protection against ischaemic events, reduce the severity of potentially lethal ischaemic myocardial injury, and therefore act as a physiological first line of defence against injury. Given the fact that the extent of SEP could be modulated by exercise‐related and subject‐related factors, it is important to recognize and consider these factors to optimize future clinical implications of SEP. This review also summarizes potential effector signalling pathways (i.e. communication between exercising muscles to vascular/cardiac tissue) and intracellular pathways (i.e. reducing tissue damage) that ultimately confer protection against cardiac and vascular injury. Finally, we discuss potential future directions for designing adequate human and animal studies that will support developing effective SEP strategies for the (multi‐)diseased and aged individual. Key points Single or short‐term exercise‐induced protection (SEP) attenuates the magnitude of cardiac and/or vascular damage in response to prolonged ischaemia and reperfusion injury (IR injury). SEP activates multiple pathways to confer cardiac protection, which develops remotely at the site of the activated muscle by release of circulating molecules, which transfer towards activation of intramyocardial signalling that promotes cell survival during episodes of IR injury. SEP represents an attractive intervention in aged individuals and in those with co‐morbidities. The immediate protection, low cost and simplicity to increase the ‘dose’ of SEP offers unique opportunities in the clinical applications of SEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick H. J. Thijssen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Departments of Physiology Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores University Leicester United Kingdom
| | - Laween Uthman
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Departments of Physiology Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Cardiology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Yasina Somani
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores University Leicester United Kingdom
| | - Niels Royen
- Cardiology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Aengevaeren VL, Baggish AL, Chung EH, George K, Kleiven Ø, Mingels AMA, Ørn S, Shave RE, Thompson PD, Eijsvogels TMH. Exercise-Induced Cardiac Troponin Elevations: From Underlying Mechanisms to Clinical Relevance. Circulation 2021; 144:1955-1972. [PMID: 34898243 PMCID: PMC8663527 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Serological assessment of cardiac troponins (cTn) is the gold standard to assess myocardial injury in clinical practice. A greater magnitude of acutely or chronically elevated cTn concentrations is associated with lower event-free survival in patients and the general population. Exercise training is known to improve cardiovascular function and promote longevity, but exercise can produce an acute rise in cTn concentrations, which may exceed the upper reference limit in a substantial number of individuals. Whether exercise-induced cTn elevations are attributable to a physiological or pathological response and if they are clinically relevant has been debated for decades. Thus far, exercise-induced cTn elevations have been viewed as the only benign form of cTn elevations. However, recent studies report intriguing findings that shed new light on the underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance of exercise-induced cTn elevations. We will review the biochemical characteristics of cTn assays, key factors determining the magnitude of postexercise cTn concentrations, the release kinetics, underlying mechanisms causing and contributing to exercise-induced cTn release, and the clinical relevance of exercise-induced cTn elevations. We will also explain the association with cardiac function, correlates with (subclinical) cardiovascular diseases and exercise-induced cTn elevations predictive value for future cardiovascular events. Last, we will provide recommendations for interpretation of these findings and provide direction for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L Aengevaeren
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Departments of Physiology (V.L.A., T.M.H.E.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Cardiology (V.L.A.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.L.B.)
| | - Eugene H Chung
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (E.H.C.)
| | - Keith George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom (K.G.)
| | - Øyunn Kleiven
- Cardiology Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway (Ø.K., S.Ø.)
| | - Alma M A Mingels
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht, The Netherlands (A.M.A.M.)
| | - Stein Ørn
- Cardiology Department, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway (Ø.K., S.Ø.).,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Stavanger, Norway (S.Ø.)
| | - Rob E Shave
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (R.E.S.)
| | | | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Departments of Physiology (V.L.A., T.M.H.E.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Dupuit M, Maillard F, Pereira B, Marquezi ML, Lancha AH, Boisseau N. Effect of high intensity interval training on body composition in women before and after menopause: a meta-analysis. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1470-1490. [PMID: 32613697 DOI: 10.1113/ep088654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? A meta-analysis of the efficacy of high intensity interval training (HIIT) in reducing weight, total fat mass (FM) and (intra)-abdominal FM in normal-weight and overweight/obese women before and after menopause. What advances does it highlight? HIIT programmes in women significantly decrease body weight and total and abdominal FM. Their effects are more evident in pre- than in postmenopausal women. Cycling HIIT seems more effective than running, especially in postmenopausal women, and training interventions longer than 8 weeks comprising three sessions a week should be promoted. ABSTRACT High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a stimulating modality for reducing body weight and adipose tissue. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of HIIT in reducing weight, total fat mass (FM) and (intra)-abdominal FM in normal-weight and overweight/obese women before and after menopause. A structured electronic search was performed to find all publications relevant to our review. Stratified analyses were made of hormonal status (pre- vs. postmenopausal state), weight, HIIT modalities (cycling vs. running), programme duration (< or ≥8 weeks) and the methods used to measure body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry vs. computed tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and others). A total of 38 studies involving 959 subjects were included. Our meta-analysis showed that overall HIIT programmes significantly decrease weight, total and abdominal FM in women. Both normal weight and overweight/obese women lost total FM after HIIT protocols whereas HIIT was only effective in decreasing abdominal FM in women with excess adiposity. When pre- and postmenopausal women were considered separately, the effect of HIIT on weight, total and abdominal FM were only significant before menopause. Cycling HIIT seemed more effective than running, especially in postmenopausal women, and training interventions longer than 8 weeks comprising three sessions were more efficient. HIIT is a successful strategy to lose weight and FM in normal weight and overweight/obese women. However, further studies are still needed to draw meaningful conclusions about the real effectiveness of HIIT protocols in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Dupuit
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, EA 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, France
| | - Florie Maillard
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, EA 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, EA 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, France.,CRNH - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (CNRH-AURA), Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
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9
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The impact of exercise modality and menstrual cycle phase on circulating cardiac troponin T. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 23:309-314. [PMID: 31690491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is unclear whether exercise modality (moderate-intensity continuous [MCE]; high-intensity interval [HIE]) and menstrual cycle phase (follicular [FP]; luteal [LP]), individually or in combination, mediate the commonly observed exercise-induced elevation in cardiac troponin T (cTnT). This study examines cTnT responses to MCE and HIE during both the FP and LP. DESIGN Randomised crossover study. METHODS Seventeen healthy, eumenorrheic women completed four trials including MCE (60% VO2max steady-state cycling until 300kJ) and work-equivalent HIE (repeated 4-min cycling at 90% VO2max interspersed with 3-min rest) during both the FP and LP. The FP and LP were verified based on ovarian hormones. Serum cTnT was assessed using a high-sensitivity assay before, immediately after, and 1 (1HR), 3 (3HR) and 4 (4HR) hours after exercise. cTnT values were corrected for plasma volume changes. RESULTS cTnT was significantly elevated (p<0.05) post-exercise in both MCE (at 3HR and 4HR) and HIE (at 1HR, 3HR and 4HR). No statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in peak post-exercise cTnT, which mostly occurred at 3HR, was seen among the four trials (median [range], ngl-1: 5.2 [1.7-18.1] after MCE during FP; 4.8 [1.7-24.9] after MCE during LP, 8.2 [3.9-24.8] after HIE during FP and 6.9 [1.7-23.1] after HIE during LP). CONCLUSIONS A single 300kJ bout of both MCE or HIE resulted in a significant post-exercise increase in cTnT, with no differences in peak cTnT response between menstrual cycle phases or between exercise modes, but the cTnT elevation occurs slightly earlier after HIE.
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Acute Responses of Novel Cardiac Biomarkers to a 24-h Ultra-Marathon. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010057. [PMID: 30625976 PMCID: PMC6351937 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the acute effect of an ultra-endurance performance on N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac specific troponin T (cTnT), creatinine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), ischemia modified albumin (IMA), heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and cardiovascular function. Cardiac biomarkers were evaluated in 14 male ultra-marathoners (age 40 ± 12 years) during a 24 h ultra-marathon at five points (i.e., Pre-race; Marathon, 12-h run, 24-h run, and 48-h post-race). All subjects underwent baseline echocardiography assessment at least 10 days prior to the ultra-marathon and 48 h post-race. The average distance covered during the race was 149.4 ± 33.0 km. Running the ultra-marathon led to a progressive increase in hsCRP and H-FABP concentrations (p < 0.001). CK-MB and cTnT levels were higher after a 24-h run compared to pre-race (p < 0.05). Diastolic function was altered post-race characterized by a reduction in peak early to late diastolic filling (p < 0.01). Running an ultra-marathon significantly stimulates specific cardiac biomarkers; however, the dynamic of secretion of biomarkers linked to myocardium ischemia were differentially regulated during the ultra-marathon race. It is suggested that both exercise duration and intensity play a crucial role in cardiovascular adaptive mechanisms and cause risk of cardiac stress in ultra-marathoners.
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