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Ung TPL, Lim S, Solinas X, Mahou P, Chessel A, Marionnet C, Bornschlögl T, Beaurepaire E, Bernerd F, Pena AM, Stringari C. Simultaneous NAD(P)H and FAD fluorescence lifetime microscopy of long UVA-induced metabolic stress in reconstructed human skin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22171. [PMID: 34772978 PMCID: PMC8589997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet longwave UVA1 exposure of human skin has short-term consequences at cellular and molecular level, leading at long-term to photoaging. Following exposure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, inducing oxidative stress that might impair cellular metabolic activity. However, the dynamic of UVA1 impact on cellular metabolism remains unknown because of lacking adequate live imaging techniques. Here we assess the UVA1-induced metabolic stress response in reconstructed human skin with multicolor two-photon fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM). Simultaneous imaging of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) by wavelength mixing allows quantifying cellular metabolism in function of NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H and FAD/FADH2 redox ratios. After UVA1 exposure, we observe an increase of fraction of bound NAD(P)H and decrease of fraction of bound FAD indicating a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation or oxidative stress possibly correlated to ROS generation. NAD(P)H and FAD biomarkers have unique temporal dynamic and sensitivity to skin cell types and UVA1 dose. While the FAD biomarker is UVA1 dose-dependent in keratinocytes, the NAD(P)H biomarker shows no dose dependence in keratinocytes, but is directly affected after exposure in fibroblasts, thus reflecting different skin cells sensitivities to oxidative stress. Finally, we show that a sunscreen including a UVA1 filter prevents UVA1 metabolic stress response from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Lien Ung
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Seongbin Lim
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Solinas
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Anatole Chessel
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Claire Marionnet
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP 22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Thomas Bornschlögl
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP 22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Bernerd
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP 22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Ana-Maria Pena
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP 22, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Chiara Stringari
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France.
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Piccirillo G, Carvajal Berrio DA, Laurita A, Pepe A, Bochicchio B, Schenke-Layland K, Hinderer S. Controlled and tuneable drug release from electrospun fibers and a non-invasive approach for cytotoxicity testing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3446. [PMID: 30837604 PMCID: PMC6401126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is an attractive method to generate drug releasing systems. In this work, we encapsulated the cell death-inducing drug Diclofenac (DCF) in an electrospun poly-L-lactide (PLA) scaffold. The scaffold offers a system for a sustained and controlled delivery of the cytotoxic DCF over time making it clinically favourable by achieving a prolonged therapeutic effect. We exposed human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to the drug-eluting scaffold and employed multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. These methods were suitable for non-invasive and marker-independent assessment of the cytotoxic effects. Released DCF induced changes in cell morphology and glycolytic activity. Furthermore, we showed that drug release can be influenced by adding dimethyl sulfoxide as a co-solvent for electrospinning. Interestingly, without affecting the drug diffusion mechanism, the resulting PLA scaffolds showed altered fibre morphology and enhanced initial DCF burst release. The here described model could represent an interesting way to control the diffusion of encapsulated bio-active molecules and test them using a marker-independent, non-invasive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Piccirillo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - D A Carvajal Berrio
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Laurita
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - A Pepe
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - B Bochicchio
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - K Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Hinderer
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.
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Electrospun poly-l-lactide scaffold for the controlled and targeted delivery of a synthetically obtained Diclofenac prodrug to treat actinic keratosis. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:187-196. [PMID: 27816622 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Actinic Keratosis' (AKs) are small skin lesions that are related to a prolonged sun-damage, which can develop into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) when left untreated. Effective, specific and well tolerable therapies to cure AKs are still of great interest. Diclofenac (DCF) is the current gold standard for the local treatment of AKs in terms of costs, effectiveness, side effects and tolerability. In this work, an electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold loaded with a synthetic DCF prodrug was developed and characterized. Specifically, the prodrug was successfully synthetized by binding DCF to a glycine residue via solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and then incorporated in an electrospun PLA scaffold. The drug encapsulation was verified using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and its scaffold release was spectrophotometrically monitored and confirmed with MPM. The scaffold was further characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing and contact angle measurements. Its biocompatibility was verified by performing a cell proliferation assay and compared to PLA scaffolds containing the same amount of DCF sodium salt (DCFONa). Finally, the effect of the electrospun scaffolds on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) morphology and metabolism was investigated by combining MPM with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The obtained results suggest that the obtained scaffold could be suitable for the controlled and targeted delivery of the synthesized prodrug for the treatment of AKs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Electrospun scaffolds are of growing interest as materials for a controlled drug delivery. In this work, an electrospun polylactic acid scaffold containing a synthetically obtained Diclofenac prodrug is proposed as a novel substrate for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis. A controlled drug delivery targeted to the area of interest could enhance the efficacy of the therapy and favor the healing process. The prodrug was synthesized via solid phase, employing a clean and versatile approach to obtain Diclofenac derivatives. Here, we used multiphoton microscopy to image drug encapsulation within the fibrous scaffold and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to investigate Diclofenac effects and potential mechanisms of action.
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Zehri AH, Ramey W, Georges JF, Mooney MA, Martirosyan NL, Preul MC, Nakaji P. Neurosurgical confocal endomicroscopy: A review of contrast agents, confocal systems, and future imaging modalities. Surg Neurol Int 2014; 5:60. [PMID: 24872922 PMCID: PMC4033764 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.131638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinical application of fluorescent contrast agents (fluorescein, indocyanine green, and aminolevulinic acid) with intraoperative microscopy has led to advances in intraoperative brain tumor imaging. Their properties, mechanism of action, history of use, and safety are analyzed in this report along with a review of current laser scanning confocal endomicroscopy systems. Additional imaging modalities with potential neurosurgical utility are also analyzed. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed utilizing PubMed and key words: In vivo confocal microscopy, confocal endomicroscopy, fluorescence imaging, in vivo diagnostics/neoplasm, in vivo molecular imaging, and optical imaging. Articles were reviewed that discussed clinically available fluorophores in neurosurgery, confocal endomicroscopy instrumentation, confocal microscopy systems, and intraoperative cancer diagnostics. Results: Current clinically available fluorescent contrast agents have specific properties that provide microscopic delineation of tumors when imaged with laser scanning confocal endomicroscopes. Other imaging modalities such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, confocal reflectance microscopy, fluorescent lifetime imaging (FLIM), two-photon microscopy, and second harmonic generation may also have potential in neurosurgical applications. Conclusion: In addition to guiding tumor resection, intraoperative fluorescence and microscopy have the potential to facilitate tumor identification and complement frozen section analysis during surgery by providing real-time histological assessment. Further research, including clinical trials, is necessary to test the efficacy of fluorescent contrast agents and optical imaging instrumentation in order to establish their role in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqib H Zehri
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Wyatt Ramey
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Joseph F Georges
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael A Mooney
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Nikolay L Martirosyan
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA ; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, Arizona, USA
| | - Mark C Preul
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Peter Nakaji
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Multiphoton laser microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging for the evaluation of the skin. Dermatol Res Pract 2011; 2012:810749. [PMID: 22203841 PMCID: PMC3235701 DOI: 10.1155/2012/810749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton laser microscopy is a new, non-invasive technique providing access to the skin at a cellular and subcellular level, which is based both on autofluorescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging. Whereas the former considers fluorescence intensity emitted by epidermal and dermal fluorophores and by the extra-cellular matrix, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), is generated by the fluorescence decay rate. This innovative technique can be applied to the study of living skin, cell cultures and ex vivo samples. Although still limited to the clinical research field, the development of multiphoton laser microscopy is thought to become suitable for a practical application in the next few years: in this paper, we performed an accurate review of the studies published so far, considering the possible fields of application of this imaging method and providing high quality images acquired in the Department of Dermatology of the University of Modena.
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