Jayabal H, Bates-Jensen BM, Abiakam NS, Worsley PR, Bader DL. Anatomical variability of sub-epidermal moisture and its clinical implications.
J Tissue Viability 2021;
30:434-438. [PMID:
33893014 DOI:
10.1016/j.jtv.2021.04.003]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Technologies have been developed to monitor changes in dermal oedema, indicative of the early signs of pressure ulcers. However, there is limited information on the effects of regional differences in tissue morphology on these sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) parameters. This study was designed to investigate the absolute SEM readings across different anatomical sites using a commercial device.
METHODS
Twenty-four healthy participants were recruited to evaluate basal SEM values at different bony prominences, sampled by an experienced operator.
RESULTS
Distinct differences were observed in unloaded SEM values across different anatomical sites, notably between the upper and lower extremities. A high degree of variability was observed in particular sites, such as the heels. Moreover, SEM values at certain locations revealed significant relationships with age, BMI and gender (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The study revealed a high level of variability between and within anatomical sites in a healthy cohort of participants. Determining the changes in local skin and sub-dermal tissue status using SEM may require consideration of both site specific and individual demographic factors, with further research needed in cohorts at risk of pressure ulcers.
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