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Yuan M, Wang J, Geng L, Wu N, Yang Y, Zhang Q. A review: Structure, bioactivity and potential application of algal polysaccharides in skin aging care and therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132846. [PMID: 38834111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the first barrier of body which stands guard for defending aggressive pathogens and environmental pressures all the time. Cutaneous metabolism changes in harmful exposure, following with skin dysfunctions and diseases. Lots of researches have reported that polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds exhibited multidimensional bioactivities in dealing with skin disorder. However, few literature systematically reviews them. The aim of the present paper is to summarize structure, bioactivities and structure-function relationship of algal polysaccharides acting on skin. Algal polysaccharides show antioxidant, immunomodulating, hydration regulating, anti-melanogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulating abilities via multipath ways in skin. These bioactivities are determined by various parameters, including seaweed species, molecular weight, monosaccharides composition and substitute groups. In addition, potential usages of algae-derived polysaccharides in skin care and therapy are also elaborated. Algal polysaccharides are potential ingredients in formulation that providing anti-aging efficacy for skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yuan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Lihua Geng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ning Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yue Yang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Suzuki H, Aono N, Zhang Y, Yuri K, Bassole Epse Brou MAM, Takemura S, Higashiyama A, Tabuchi T, Fujiyoshi A. Comparison of Publications on Heated Tobacco Products With Conventional Cigarettes and Implied Desirability of the Products According to Tobacco Industry Affiliation: A Systematic Review. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:520-526. [PMID: 37950902 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have been advertised as "reduced-harm" tobacco products compared to conventional cigarettes (CC); however, no direct evidence supporting HTPs being desirable for human health exists. A previous systematic review reported that evidence on HTPs published in 2017 or earlier was primarily drawn from industry-related papers. We aimed to investigate whether tobacco industry-affiliated studies are more likely to conclude that HTPs are more desirable than CC. METHODS PubMed and Ichushi-Web were searched up to March 15, 2022, for studies on HTPs published in 2017 or after. We selected studies that assessed any measures of HTPs and CC, including secondary analyses using gray literature in English or Japanese. We excluded review articles except for a meta-analysis that met the aforementioned criteria. Data on the authors' affiliations, grant, conflict of interest, category of research subjects, and interpretation were extracted. Research members in two groups independently assessed the papers; discrepancies were solved by discussion between the groups. RESULTS Overall, 134 studies met the criteria. Eighty-seven (64.9%) of them were affiliated with the tobacco industry. Of the 134 studies, 56.3% (49/87) of the industry-affiliated studies versus 19.1% (9/47) of nonindustry-affiliated studies concluded that HTPs were more desirable than CC (p < .01). No study investigated clinically relevant outcomes, such as disease occurrence. CONCLUSIONS Publications on HTPs in the biomedical literature from January 2017 to March 2022 were dominated by tobacco industry-affiliated studies. More than half of them concluded that HTPs were more desirable than CC compared to independent studies. IMPLICATIONS Tobacco industry advertises HTPs as "reduced-harm" tobacco products compared to CC. HTP users tend to consider HTPs as alternative tobacco products less harmful than CC (ie, products for "harm reduction"). Our results demonstrated that papers written by tobacco industry-affiliated authors concluded that HTPs were more desirable than CC compared to papers by independent authors. However, all their judgments were based on surrogate outcomes. Surrogate outcomes are not necessarily linked to clinically relevant outcomes such as disease occurrence. Further studies on HTPs using clinically relevant outcomes are warranted by independent authors from tobacco industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumitsu Suzuki
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Aono
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kuniko Yuri
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Shigeki Takemura
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Aya Higashiyama
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Braznell S, Van Den Akker A, Metcalfe C, Taylor GMJ, Hartmann-Boyce J. Critical appraisal of interventional clinical trials assessing heated tobacco products: a systematic review. Tob Control 2024; 33:383-394. [PMID: 36347620 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To critically assess the methodological characteristics and quality of interventional clinical trials investigating the effects of heated tobacco products (HTPs). DATA SOURCES Web of Science (Core collection and MEDLINE), Scopus, MedRxiv, ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP trial databases and transnational HTP manufacturer online publication libraries were searched for clinical trials on HTPs published between January 2010 and April 2022. STUDY SELECTION Interventional clinical trials of any design, in which at least one group of adult participants used a currently marketed HTP, were selected by two reviewers with good or very good agreement. DATA EXTRACTION Data relating to trial characteristics and effects of intervention on primary outcomes were extracted using a predesigned form. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool v1. DATA SYNTHESIS 40 trials were included, 29 of which were tobacco industry affiliated. Methodological characteristics, such as registration, design, setting, comparator interventions, participants, outcomes and analyses, varied between trials, though there were few significant differences between industry-affiliated and independent trials. Of the 40 trials, 33 were judged to be at high risk of bias and 6 at unclear risk of bias. Trial findings were not significantly associated with either affiliation or risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS The conduct and reporting of HTP interventional clinical trials were poor in many respects and limited to investigating effects of short-term exposure. These trials fall short of what is needed to determine whether HTPs are beneficial to public health, meaning they may not be a sound basis for tobacco control policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris Metcalfe
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gemma M J Taylor
- Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jamie Hartmann-Boyce
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford Division of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Oxford, UK
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Rathi D, Rossi C, Pospíšil P, Ramalingam Manoharan R, Talarico L, Magnani A, Prasad A. NOX2 and NOX4 expression in monocytes and macrophages-extracellular vesicles in signalling and therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1342227. [PMID: 38690564 PMCID: PMC11058225 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1342227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a type of cytoplasmic vesicles secreted by a variety of cells. EVs originating from cells have been known to participate in cell communication, antigen presentation, immune cell activation, tolerance induction, etc. These EVs can also carry the active form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase Hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase, which is very essential for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that can then modulate processes such as cell regeneration. The aim of this study is to characterize the EVs isolated from U-937 and THP-1 cells, identify the NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms, and to determine whether EVs can modulate NOX4 and NOX2 in monocytes and macrophages. In our study, isolated EVs of U-937 were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectroscopy and immunoblotting. The results showed that the exogenous addition of differentiation agents (either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or ascorbic acid) or the supplementation of EVs used in the study did not cause any stress leading to alterations in cell proliferation and viability. In cells co-cultured with EVs for 72 h, strong suppression of NOX4 and NOX2 is evident when monocytes transform into macrophagic cells. We also observed lower levels of oxidative stress measured using immunoblotting and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy under the EVs co-cultured condition, which also indicates that EVs might contribute significantly by acting as an antioxidant source, which agrees with previous studies that hypothesized the role of EVs in therapeutics. Therefore, our results provide evidence for NOX regulation by EVs in addition to its role as an antioxidant cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Rathi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Claudio Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Florence, Italy
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | | - Luigi Talarico
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Florence, Italy
| | - Agnese Magnani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), Florence, Italy
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
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Paculová V, Prasad A, Sedlářová M, Pospíšil P. Oxidative modification of collagen by malondialdehyde in porcine skin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 752:109850. [PMID: 38065250 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Human skin is exposed to various physical and chemical stress factors, which commonly cause the oxidation of lipids and proteins. In this study, azo initiator AAPH [2,2' -azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride] was employed to initiate lipid peroxidation in porcine skin as an ex vivo model for human skin. We demonstrate that malondialdehyde (MDA), a secondary product of lipid peroxidation, is covalently bound to collagen in the dermis, forming MDA-collagen adducts. The binding of MDA to collagen results in an unfolding of the collagen triple helix, formation of the dimer of α-chains of collagen, and fragmentation of the collagen α-chain. It is proposed here that the MDA is bound to the lysine residues of α-chain collagen, which are involved in electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding with the glutamate and aspartate of other α-chains of the triple helix. Our data provide crucial information about the MDA binding topology in the skin, which is necessary to understand better the various types of skin-related diseases and the aging process in the skin under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Paculová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Sedlářová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Bouchard KV, Costin GE. Promoting New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for research on skin color changes in response to environmental stress factors: tobacco and air pollution. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1256399. [PMID: 37886123 PMCID: PMC10598764 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1256399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most dynamic biological processes in the human body and is known to carry significant impacts on individuals' self-esteem. Skin pigmentation is a highly heritable trait made possible by complex, strictly controlled cellular and molecular mechanisms. Genetic, environmental and endocrine factors contribute to the modulation of melanin's amount, type and distribution in the skin layers. One of the hallmarks of extrinsic skin aging induced by environmental stress factors is the alteration of the constitutive pigmentation pattern clinically defined as senile lentigines and/or melasma or other pigmentary dyschromias. The complexity of pollutants and tobacco smoke as environmental stress factors warrants a thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which they impact skin pigmentation through repeated and long-term exposure. Pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated that pollutants are known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inflammatory events that lead directly or indirectly to skin hyperpigmentation. Another mechanistic direction is provided by Aryl hydrocarbon Receptors (AhR) which were shown to mediate processes leading to skin hyperpigmentation in response to pollutants by regulation of melanogenic enzymes and transcription factors involved in melanin biosynthesis pathway. In this context, we will discuss a diverse range of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) capable to provide mechanistic insights of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in the action of environmental stress factors on skin pigmentation and to support the design of raw ingredients and formulations intended to counter their impact and of any subsequently needed clinical studies.
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Murotomi K, Umeno A, Shichiri M, Tanito M, Yoshida Y. Significance of Singlet Oxygen Molecule in Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032739. [PMID: 36769060 PMCID: PMC9917472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen, play an important role in the onset and progression of disease, as well as in aging. Singlet oxygen can be formed non-enzymatically by chemical, photochemical, and electron transfer reactions, or as a byproduct of endogenous enzymatic reactions in phagocytosis during inflammation. The imbalance of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant networks with the generation of singlet oxygen increases oxidative stress, resulting in the undesirable oxidation and modification of biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and lipids. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of singlet oxygen production in vivo and methods for the evaluation of damage induced by singlet oxygen. The involvement of singlet oxygen in the pathogenesis of skin and eye diseases is also discussed from the biomolecular perspective. We also present our findings on lipid oxidation products derived from singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation in glaucoma, early diabetes patients, and a mouse model of bronchial asthma. Even in these diseases, oxidation products due to singlet oxygen have not been measured clinically. This review discusses their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis. Recent developments in singlet oxygen scavengers such as carotenoids, which can be utilized to prevent the onset and progression of disease, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Aya Umeno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Mototada Shichiri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda 563-8577, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-751-8234
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
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Szczegielniak J, Bogacz K, Łuniewski J, Krajczy M, Pilis W, Majorczyk E. Excessive Facial Wrinkling Is Associated with COPD Occurrence-Does COPD Damage Skin Beauty and Quality? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1991. [PMID: 36767357 PMCID: PMC9915040 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate facial wrinkling in COPD patients, its relationship with lung function parameters, and the differences in wrinkling between COPD patients and smokers without COPD. The study included 56 patients with COPD with smoking history and 84 controls. Wrinkle intensity was measured and classified using Daniell's grading system, and the total length of wrinkles was also estimated. The predominant grades of Daniell's scale were IV-V for COPD patients (89.3% of current and 75.0% of former smokers), III-V for controls who currently smoke (89.2%), and II-III for former (92.9%) and never smokers (100%) controls. These distributions were statistically significantly different, but current and former smokers with COPD and COPD former smokers and control current smokers did not differ. In terms of the total length of wrinkles, the COPD patients possessed significantly longer wrinkles than the control subgroups (all p-values were <0.004). Negative correlations between wrinkle length and lung parameters were found. This phenomenon seems to be independent of smoking, but the length of wrinkles is related to lung function parameters. It seems that not only smoking but also COPD damages skin beauty and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Szczegielniak
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska Street 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogacz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska Street 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Jacek Łuniewski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska Street 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Marcin Krajczy
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska Street 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Wiesław Pilis
- Department of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej Street 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Edyta Majorczyk
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska Street 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
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