Skin boosters: Definitions and varied classifications

Injection Techniques for Filler Procedures With Illustration: Narrative Review

This narrative review explores the various injection techniques utilized in facial filler procedures, emphasizing their applications, benefits, and potential complications. The increasing demand for total facial contouring and rejuvenation has led to a rise in the use of volumizing fillers and the integration of these procedures with other treatments such as toxins, threads, lasers, radiofrequency, and ultrasound. Achieving satisfactory results necessitates a comprehensive understanding of facial anatomy and the effects of aging on skin tissue. Key injection techniques discussed include retrograde and anterograde injections, linear and serial threading, serial puncture, fanning, cross-hatching, bolus, towering, sandwich, tenting, and specialized methods like fern leaf and duck walk injections. Each technique offers unique advantages, such as the retrograde technique's ability to minimize vascular complications and the dual plane technique's effectiveness in achieving optimal volumization and contouring by layering different types of fillers at varying depths. The dual-plane injection technique, in particular, is highlighted for its ability to provide natural and lasting results by combining firm fillers in deep layers with softer fillers superficially, minimizing surface irregularities and filler migration. The review also underscores the importance of preprocedure planning, including the marking of injection points to ensure precision, especially in patients with facial asymmetry. This comprehensive review aims to equip practitioners with the knowledge to select and master appropriate injection techniques, tailored to the specific needs of different facial areas, thereby enhancing treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction while minimizing risks.

Biocompatibility Study of Purified and Low-Temperature-Sterilized Injectable Collagen for Soft Tissue Repair: Intramuscular Implantation in Rats

The clinical application of collagen-based biomaterials is expanding rapidly, especially in tissue engineering and cosmetics. While oral supplements and injectable skin boosters are popular for enhancing skin health, clinical evidence supporting their effectiveness remains limited. Injectable products show potential in revitalizing skin, but safety concerns persist due to challenges in sterilization and the risk of biological contamination. Traditional methods of sterilization (heat and irradiation) can denature collagen. This study addresses these issues by introducing a novel technique: the double filtration and low-temperature steam sterilization of a collagen gel. In vitro tests documented the sterility and confirmed that the collagen did not show cytotoxicity, degradation, integrity, and viscosity characteristics changes after the processing and sterilization. The collagen gel induced new collagen expression and the proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts when the cells were cultured with the collagen gel. An in vivo study found no adverse effects in rats or significant lesions at the implantation site over 13 weeks. These results suggest that this novel method to process collagen gels is a safe and effective skin booster. Advanced processing methods are likely to mitigate the safety risks associated with injectable collagen products, though further research is needed to validate their biological effectiveness and clinical benefits.

Effective improvement methods for striae distensae: A novel approach utilizing laser-induced micro-jet injectors with poly-d,l-lactic acid

INTRODUCTION

Striae distensae (SD), or stretch marks, result from rapid stretching of the skin due to various factors. Conventional treatments often yield unsatisfactory results, leading to the exploration of alternative methods. Laser-induced microjet technology offers a promising approach for drug delivery to target areas. This study investigates the efficacy of using a microjet injector with poly-d,l-lactic acid for treating SD.

METHODS

Four female participants with SD were treated with poly-d,l-lactic acid solution using a microjet injector over five sessions. Patients were assessed based on severity scales before and after treatment. Topical anesthetics were applied to minimize discomfort. Injection techniques were optimized to reduce side effects such as bleeding and pain.

RESULTS

All patients showed significant improvement in SD appearance after 5-7 treatments. Assessment scales indicated positive outcomes both immediately after treatment and at the 32-week follow-up. Minimal side effects, primarily petechiae, were observed.

DISCUSSION

Laser-induced microjet technology offers several advantages, including rapid drug delivery and mechanotransduction effects, promoting skin regeneration. Poly-d,l-lactic acid injections demonstrated effectiveness in treating SD, particularly when delivered via microjet injectors. Patients expressed high satisfaction due to the procedure's minimal invasiveness and quick recovery.

CONCLUSION

Utilizing a needleless microjet injector with poly-d,l-lactic acid shows promise as a treatment for SD, typically requiring 5-7 sessions for optimal results. Mild petechiae may occur as a common side effect. This approach offers an effective and minimally invasive alternative for addressing this common cosmetic concern.

Exosome-mediated Advancements in Plastic Surgery: Navigating Therapeutic Potential in Skin Rejuvenation and Wound Healing

Exosomes, tiny extracellular vesicles derived from various cells such as adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, exhibit considerable potential in wound healing due to their ability to facilitate cell communication and modulate inflammatory responses. These exosomes contribute positively to collagen synthesis and scar reduction, and have shown efficacy in documented clinical cases of wound improvement. Although research indicates their potential in reducing hypertrophic scars and suppressing keloid fibroblasts, further clinical investigations are warranted. In plastic surgery, exosome application postsurgery can enhance wound healing, particularly in cases prone to swelling or poor healing conditions. This study incorporates five case reports of individuals undergoing exosome treatment (EXOP; Sihler Inc., and Exodew; Hyundaimeditech, Inc.) for wound healing, providing practical insights into the application of this therapeutic approach. The five case reports presented in this study demonstrate the practical applications and efficacy of exosome therapy in promoting wound healing and reducing scarring. Exosomes emerge as a promising avenue within the field of plastic surgery, showcasing their potential to enhance wound healing, reduce scarring, and improve overall outcomes in clinical settings. The findings from this study underscore the importance of further exploration into the therapeutic benefits of exosomes in wound management, paving the way for their widespread adoption in clinical practice.

Polynucleotides in Aesthetic Medicine: A Review of Current Practices and Perceived Effectiveness

Polynucleotides, complex molecules composed of nucleotides, have gained attention in aesthetic medicine for their potential to regulate gene expression and promote tissue regeneration. This review aims to provide an overview of the current practices and perceived effectiveness of polynucleotides in aesthetic medicine. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using keywords related to polynucleotides, cosmetic application, and aesthetic application. Studies were selected based on their relevance to aesthetic medicine and the inclusion of human subjects. The review found that polynucleotides have been used to improve skin texture, reduce wrinkle depth, and enhance facial appearance. The studies reported varying degrees of efficacy and safety, with some studies demonstrating significant improvements in skin elasticity and hydration. However, others reported limited or no benefits. The review also highlighted the need for further research to establish the optimal use and efficacy of polynucleotides in aesthetic medicine. While the existing literature suggests that polynucleotides may have potential benefits in aesthetic medicine, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and optimal use. Clinicians should be aware of the current limitations and potential risks associated with the use of polynucleotides in aesthetic medicine.

Clinical Applications of Exosomes: A Critical Review

Exosomes, small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by cells, have gained significant attention for their therapeutic potential. Measuring 30-100 nm in diameter and derived from various cell types, exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and RNA between cells. This review analyzes existing literature on the clinical applications of exosomes. We conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles and clinical trial data to evaluate the benefits, limitations, and challenges of exosome-based therapies. Key areas of focus included regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, gene therapy, and diagnostic biomarkers. This review highlights the vast clinical applications of exosomes. In regenerative medicine, exosomes facilitate tissue repair and regeneration. In cancer therapy, exosomes can deliver therapeutic agents directly to tumor cells. In gene therapy, exosomes serve as vectors for gene delivery. As diagnostic biomarkers, they are useful in diagnosing various diseases. Challenges such as the isolation, purification, and characterization of exosomes were identified. Current clinical trials demonstrate the potential of exosome-based therapies, though they also reveal significant hurdles. Regulatory issues, including the need for standardization and validation of exosome products, are critical for advancing these therapies. While significant progress has been made in understanding exosome biology, further research is essential to fully unlock their clinical potential. Addressing challenges in isolation, purification, and regulatory standardization is crucial for their successful application in clinical practice. This review provides a concise overview of the clinical applications of exosomes, emphasizing both their therapeutic promise and the obstacles that need to be overcome.

Poly‐d,l‐lactic acid‐enhanced atrophic scar treatment via transdermal microjet drug delivery in Asians

BACKGROUND

Acne vulgaris often results in permanent scars, with atrophic scars being the most common type and posing a significant therapeutic challenge due to their prevalence and impact on patients' quality of life. Various treatment options exist, including the use of poly-d,l-lactic acid delivered via different methods.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of poly-d,l-lactic acid delivered via laser-assisted needle-free microjet injection for treating atrophic scars.

METHODS

Five Korean participants with atrophic facial scars were recruited. Poly-d,l-lactic acid solution was administered via the Mirajet system in five sessions, with clinical assessments conducted at baseline, before each session, and at 12-week and 22-week follow-ups. Outcome measures included the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and patient satisfaction scores.

RESULTS

Positive results were observed at the 12-week and 22-week follow-ups, with high patient satisfaction and improvements in atrophic scars and skin texture. Mild discomfort and transient side effects were reported, with no adverse events observed during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSION

Poly-d,l-lactic acid delivered by a laser-assisted needle-free microjet injector was judged to be effective for improving atrophic the facial area. Further research, particularly through randomized controlled trials, is needed to validate these findings and assess the longer-term safety and sustainability of outcomes.

Use of platelet rich plasma for skin rejuvenation

OBJECTIVE

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is recognized as a safe and effective therapy for regenerative skin healing and rejuvenation, utilizing autologous blood enriched with various growth factors. This review aims to assess the efficacy of PRP treatments for skin rejuvenation.

METHODS

Keywords such as "platelet-rich plasma," "rejuvenation," "skin aging," and "wrinkles" were queried on Ovid, PubMed, and MEDLINE to identify pertinent studies on PRP treatment for skin rejuvenation.

RESULTS

Analysis revealed that PRP treatment led to significant enhancements in multiple facial parameters after one to three sessions. Improvements were noted in skin pore size, texture, wrinkle reduction, pigmented spots, collagen density, hyaluronic acid levels, and protection against ultraviolet damage. Combining PRP with hyaluronic acid demonstrated a synergistic effect, particularly enhancing skin elasticity in patients with lower body mass index and firmness in individuals aged 50s and 60s. Incorporating both physical and biometric data for assessment proved superior to relying solely on physical observations for evaluating subtle skin quality and structural changes.

CONCLUSION

This study underscores the efficacy of PRP monotherapy for skin rejuvenation and emphasizes the necessity of standardizing PRP preparation protocols in future investigations. Heightened awareness and advancements in technology have contributed to the emergence of higher-quality, less biased studies supporting PRP as a reliable and safe therapeutic option for skin rejuvenation.

High-resolution 3-D scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of DOTTM polynucleotides (PN): Unique scaffold characteristics and potential applications in biomedicine

INTRODUCTION

Polynucleotides (PN) are becoming more prominent in aesthetic medicine. However, the structural characteristics of PN have not been published and PN from different companies may have different structural characteristics. This study aimed to elucidate the structural attributes of DOT™ PN and distinguish differences with polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRN) using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

DOT™ PN was examined using a Quanta 3-D field emission gun (FEG) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Sample preparation involved cryogenic cooling, cleavage, etching, and metal coating to facilitate high-resolution imaging. Cryo-FIB/SEM techniques were employed for in-depth structural analysis.

RESULTS

PDRN exhibited an amorphous structure without distinct features. In contrast, DOT™ PN displayed well-defined polyhedral shapes with smooth, uniformly thick walls. These cells were empty, with diameters ranging from 3 to 8 micrometers, forming a seamless tessellation pattern.

DISCUSSION

DOT™ PN's distinct geometric tessellation design conforms to the principles of biotensegrity, providing both structural reinforcement and integrity. The presence of delicate partitions and vacant compartments hints at possible uses in the field of pharmaceutical delivery systems. Within the realms of beauty enhancement and regenerative medicine, DOT™ PN's capacity to bolster cell growth and tissue mending could potentially transform approaches to rejuvenation treatments. Its adaptability becomes apparent when considering its contributions to drug administration and surgical procedures.

CONCLUSION

This study unveils the intricate structural scaffold features of DOT™ PN for the first time, setting it apart from PDRN and inspiring innovation in biomedicine and materials science. DOT™ PN's unique attributes open doors to potential applications across healthcare and beyond.

Skin boosters: Definitions and varied classifications

BACKGROUND

The concept of "skin boosters" has evolved, marking a shift from traditional uses of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers primarily for augmenting skin volume to a more diverse application aimed at improving dermal conditions. Restylane Vital and other HA fillers have been repurposed to combat skin aging and wrinkles by delivering HA directly to the dermis.

OBJECTIVES

This review aims to define the term "skin booster" and to discuss the various components that constitute skin boosters. It seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the different ingredients used in skin boosters, their roles, and their impact on enhancing dermal conditions.

METHODS

A comprehensive review was conducted, focusing on representative skin booster ingredients. The approach involved analyzing the different elements used in skin boosters and their specific roles in enhancing dermal improvement.

RESULTS

The findings indicate that skin boosters, encompassing a range of ingredients, are effective in improving the condition of the skin's dermis. The review identifies key ingredients in skin boosters and their specific benefits, including hydration, elasticity improvement, and wrinkle reduction.

CONCLUSIONS

Skin boosters represent a significant development in dermatological treatments, offering diverse benefits beyond traditional HA fillers. This review provides valuable insights into the constituents of skin boosters and their effectiveness, aiding readers in making informed decisions about these treatments. The potential of skin boosters in dermatological practice is considerable, warranting further research and application.