1
|
Zorn E. P2RX4 Inhibition: Finally, a Silver Bullet for Long-lived Plasma Cells Depletion? Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00755. [PMID: 38755746 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Zorn
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jardou M, Brossier C, Marquet P, Picard N, Druilhe A, Lawson R. Solid organ transplantation and gut microbiota: a review of the potential immunomodulatory properties of short-chain fatty acids in graft maintenance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1342354. [PMID: 38476165 PMCID: PMC10927761 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1342354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is the treatment of choice for several end-stage organ defects: it considerably improves patient survival and quality of life. However, post-transplant recipients may experience episodes of rejection that can favor or ultimately lead to graft loss. Graft maintenance requires a complex and life-long immunosuppressive treatment. Different immunosuppressive drugs (i.e., calcineurin inhibitors, glucocorticoids, biological immunosuppressive agents, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and antiproliferative or antimetabolic agents) are used in combination to mitigate the immune response against the allograft. Unfortunately, the use of these antirejection agents may lead to opportunistic infections, metabolic (e.g., post-transplant diabetes mellitus) or cardiovascular (e.g., arterial hypertension) disorders, cancer (e.g., non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and other adverse effects. Lately, immunosuppressive drugs have also been associated with gut microbiome alterations, known as dysbiosis, and were shown to affect gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. SCFA play a key immunomodulatory role in physiological conditions, and their impairment in transplant patients could partly counterbalance the effect of immunosuppressive drugs leading to the activation of deleterious pathways and graft rejection. In this review, we will first present an overview of the mechanisms of graft rejection that are prevented by the immunosuppressive protocol. Next, we will explain the dynamic changes of the gut microbiota during transplantation, focusing on SCFA. Finally, we will describe the known functions of SCFA in regulating immune-inflammatory reactions and discuss the impact of SCFA impairment in immunosuppressive drug treated patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roland Lawson
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (FRANCE) (INSERM), Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abinti M, Favi E, Alfieri CM, Zanoni F, Armelloni S, Ferraresso M, Cantaluppi V, Castellano G. Update on current and potential application of extracellular vesicles in kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1673-1693. [PMID: 37517555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation (KT) is the best treatment for end-stage kidney disease. However, early diagnosis of graft injury remains challenging, mainly because of the lack of accurate and noninvasive diagnostic techniques. Improving graft outcomes is equally demanding, as is the development of innovative therapies. Many research efforts are focusing on extracellular vesicles, cellular particles free in each body fluid that have shown promising results as precise markers of damage and potential therapeutic targets in many diseases, including the renal field. In fact, through their receptors and cargo, they act in damage response and immune modulation. In transplantation, they may be used to determine organ quality and aging, the presence of delayed graft function, rejection, and many other transplant-related pathologies. Moreover, their low immunogenicity and safe profile make them ideal for drug delivery and the development of therapies to improve KT outcomes. In this review, we summarize current evidence about extracellular vesicles in KT, starting with their characteristics and major laboratory techniques for isolation and characterization. Then, we discuss their use as potential markers of damage and as therapeutic targets, discussing their promising use in clinical practice as a form of liquid biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Abinti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Evaldo Favi
- Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Alfieri
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Zanoni
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Silvia Armelloni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariano Ferraresso
- Kidney Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), "Maggiore della Carita" University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lund KP, Eriksson F, Pedersen BK, Sørensen SS, Bruunsgaard H. Pretransplant serum levels of endothelial cell activation markers are associated with graft loss and mortality after kidney transplantation. Scand J Immunol 2023; 97:e13225. [PMID: 36598149 PMCID: PMC10078193 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term allograft survival remains a challenge in kidney transplantation. In this study, we aimed to identify biomarkers for potentially modifiable pathways involved in the outcome of kidney transplantation. We tested the hypothesis that a pre-existing systemic environment with endothelial cell activation in the recipient is associated with the outcome after kidney transplantation. In a retrospective study cohort of 611 kidney transplanted patients, we investigated associations between serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) before transplantation and delayed graft function, acute rejection, graft loss and mortality after transplantation. We adjusted associations for age, sex, preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSA), pretransplant diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dialysis. Additionally, we investigated if associations between endothelial cell activation markers and outcomes differed in recipients with and without preformed DSA. Serum levels of endothelial cell activation markers were associated with delayed graft function and mortality but not with rejection. Additionally, high levels of sICAM-1 were associated with graft loss. Associations were most pronounced in recipients without DSA, adjusted for potential confounders. Data suggest that endothelial cell activation at the time of transplantation is associated with graft loss and mortality after kidney transplantation, especially in transplant candidates without preformed DSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kit Peiter Lund
- Department of Clinical Immunology 7631, University Hospital of Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank Eriksson
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Center of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, University Hospital of Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Schwartz Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Nephrology P, University Hospital of Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Bruunsgaard
- Department of Clinical Immunology 7631, University Hospital of Copenhagen - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oh JW, Yoon CH, Ryu JS, Kim KP, Kim MK. Proteomics Analysis of Aqueous Humor and Rejected Graft in Pig-to-Non-Human Primate Corneal Xenotransplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859929. [PMID: 35401527 PMCID: PMC8986976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pig-to-non-human primate (NHP) corneal xenotransplantation has shown long-term graft survival, xenogeneic antigen-related immune responses are still stronger than allogeneic antigen-associated responses. Therefore, there is an unmet need to investigate major rejection pathways in corneal xenotransplantation, even with immunosuppression. This study aimed to identify biomarkers in aqueous humor for predicting rejection and to investigate rejection-related pathways in grafts from NHPs transplanted with porcine corneas following the administration of steroids combined with tacrolimus/rituximab. NHPs who had received corneas from wild-type (WT) or α-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GTKO) pigs were divided into groups with or without rejection according to clinical examinations. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze the proteomes of corneal tissues or aqueous humor. The biological functions of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were assessed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for pathways and protein–protein interaction network analysis. Among the 66 DEPs in aqueous humor, complement proteins (C3, C5, and C9) and cholesterol metabolic proteins (APOA1 and APOA2) were related to xenogeneic rejection as biomarkers, and alternative pathways of the complement system seemed to be important in xenogeneic graft rejection. Among the 416 DEPs of the cornea, NF-κB1 and proteosomes (PSMD7, PSMA5, and PSMD3) seemed to be related to xenogeneic graft rejection. Additionally, oxidative phosphorylation and leukocyte activation-related pathways are involved in rejection. Overall, our proteomic approach highlights the important role of NF-κB1, proteosomes, oxidative phosphorylation, and leukocyte activation-related inflammation in the cornea and the relevance of complement pathways of the aqueous humor as a predictive biomarker of xenogeneic rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Ho Yoon
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Mee Kum Kim, ; Kwang Pyo Kim,
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Mee Kum Kim, ; Kwang Pyo Kim,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gołębiewska JE, Wardowska A, Pietrowska M, Wojakowska A, Dębska-Ślizień A. Small Extracellular Vesicles in Transplant Rejection. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112989. [PMID: 34831212 PMCID: PMC8616261 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV), which are released to body fluids (e.g., serum, urine) by all types of human cells, may stimulate or inhibit the innate and adaptive immune response through multiple mechanisms. Exosomes or sEV have on their surface many key receptors of immune response, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) components, identical to their cellular origin. They also exhibit an ability to carry antigen and target leukocytes either via interaction with cell surface receptors or intracellular delivery of inflammatory mediators, receptors, enzymes, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs. By the transfer of donor MHC antigens to recipient antigen presenting cells sEV may also contribute to T cell allorecognition and alloresponse. Here, we review the influence of sEV on the development of rejection or tolerance in the setting of solid organ and tissue allotransplantation. We also summarize and discuss potential applications of plasma and urinary sEV as biomarkers in the context of transplantation. We focus on the attempts to use sEV as a noninvasive approach to detecting allograft rejection. Preliminary studies show that both sEV total levels and a set of specific molecules included in their cargo may be an evidence of ongoing allograft rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna E. Gołębiewska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Wardowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Centre for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng L, Wang X, Hu L, Gao W, Zhang W, Zhang X, Hu C, Rong R, Yang C, Zhu D. Cyclic Helix B Peptide Prolongs Skin Allograft Survival via Inhibition of B Cell Immune Responses in a Murine Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682749. [PMID: 34054874 PMCID: PMC8149941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) represents a major cause of allograft dysfunction and results in allograft failure in solid organ transplantation. Cyclic helix B peptide (CHBP) is a novel erythropoietin-derived peptide that ameliorated renal allograft rejection in a renal transplantation model. However, its effect on AMR remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CHBP on AMR using a secondary allogeneic skin transplantation model, which was created by transplanting skin from BALB/c mice to C57BL/6 mice with or without CHBP treatment. A secondary syngeneic skin transplantation model, involving transplantation from C57BL/6 mice to C57BL/6 mice, was also created to act as a control. Skin graft rejection, CD19+ B cell infiltration in the skin allograft, the percentages of splenic plasma cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and Tfh cells, the serum levels of donor specific antibodies (DSAs), and NF-κB signaling in splenocytes were analyzed. Skin allograft survival was significantly prolonged in the CHBP group compared to the allogeneic group. CHBP treatment also significantly reduced the CD19+ B cell infiltration in the skin allograft, decreased the percentages of splenic plasma cells, GC B cells, and Tfh cells, and ameliorated the increase in the serum DSA level. At a molecular level, CHBP downregulated P100, RelB, and P52 in splenocytes. CHBP prolonged skin allograft survival by inhibiting AMR, which may be mediated by inhibition of NF-κB signaling to suppress B cell immune responses, thereby decreasing the DSA level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanchuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Linkun Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Weitao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuepeng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China.,Zhangjiang Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|