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Tran TD, Kasemsuwan S, Sukmak M, Phimpraphai W, Prarakamawongsa T, Pham LT, Hoang TB, Nguyen PT, Nguyen TM, Truong MV, Dao TP, Padungtod P. Field and laboratory investigation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 and H5N8 in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam, 2020 to 2021. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e20. [PMID: 38568822 PMCID: PMC10990907 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious disease that causes illness and death in poultry and humans. High pathogenicity AI (HPAI) H5N6 outbreaks commonly occur in Quang Ninh province bordering China. In June 2021, the first HPAI H5N8 outbreak occurred at a Quang Ninh chicken farm. OBJECTIVES This study examined the risk factors associated with HPAI H5N6 and H5N8 outbreaks in Quang Ninh. METHODS A retrospective case-control study was conducted in Quang Ninh from Nov 2021 to Jan 2022. The cases were households with susceptible poultry with two or more clinical signs and tested positive by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The controls were households in the same village as the cases but did not show clinical symptoms of the disease. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the risk factors associated with HPAI outbreaks at the household level. RESULTS There were 38 cases with H5N6 clade 2.3.4.4h viruses (n = 35) and H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses (n = 3). Compared to the 112 controls, raising poultry in uncovered or partially covered ponds (odds ratio [OR], 7.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-39.27), poultry traders visiting the farm (OR, 8.66; 95% CI, 2.7-27.69), farms with 50-2,000 birds (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.06-8-51), and farms with ≥ 2,000 birds (OR, 11.35; 95% CI, 3.07-41.94) were significantly associated with HPAI outbreaks. CONCLUSIONS Combining biosecurity measures, such as restricting visitor entry and vaccination in farms with more than 50 birds, can enhance the control and prevention of HPAI in Quang Ninh and its spread across borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong Duc Tran
- Department of Animal Health, Regional Animal Health Office Number 2, Haiphong 180000, Vietnam.
| | - Suwicha Kasemsuwan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Manakorn Sukmak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Tippawon Prarakamawongsa
- Department of Livestock Development, Bureau of Disease Control and Veterinary Service, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Long Thanh Pham
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Animal Health, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tuyet Bach Hoang
- Department of Animal Health, Regional Animal Health Office Number 2, Haiphong 180000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thi Nguyen
- Department of Animal Health, Regional Animal Health Office Number 2, Haiphong 180000, Vietnam
| | - Thang Minh Nguyen
- Department of Animal Health, Regional Animal Health Office Number 2, Haiphong 180000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Van Truong
- Department of Animal Health, Regional Animal Health Office Number 2, Haiphong 180000, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Pham Dao
- Department of Animal Health, Regional Animal Health Office Number 2, Haiphong 180000, Vietnam
| | - Pawin Padungtod
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases, FAO Country Office for Vietnam, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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2
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Tunterak W, Prakairungnamthip D, Ninvilai P, Tiawsirisup S, Oraveerakul K, Sasipreeyajan J, Amonsin A, Thontiravong A. Patterns of duck Tembusu virus infection in ducks, Thailand: a serological study. Poult Sci 2020; 100:537-542. [PMID: 33518106 PMCID: PMC7858046 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has been identified as a causative agent of an emerging viral disease in ducks, causing significant economic losses to the duck-producing industry. In Thailand, DTMUV has been detected sporadically in ducks since the first report in 2013. However, information on the patterns of DTMUV infection in ducks in Thailand is limited. In this study, a serological survey of DTMUV on ducks raised in farming and free-grazing systems was conducted during 2015-2016. Blood samples of farm ducks (n = 160) and free-grazing ducks (n = 240) were collected in the summer, rainy, and winter seasons during 2015-2016 and tested for DTMUV infection. Our results showed that DTMUV infection in ducks in Thailand occurred all year-round; however, the patterns of DTMUV infection varied between 2 duck-raising systems. Significant seasonal pattern was found in free-grazing ducks, whereas no seasonality was observed in farm ducks. Notably, DTMUV infection in ducks in Thailand was highest in the winter season. In conclusion, our data indicate distinct patterns of DTMUV infection between farm and free-grazing ducks, and the year-round circulation of DTMUV in ducks in Thailand, with peaks in the winter season. This information will help reduce the risk of DTMUV transmission through prevention and control strategies focusing on the peak period. Routine surveillance of DTMUV in ducks is essential for early detection of DTMUV allowing the implementation of control measures in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wikanda Tunterak
- Inter-Department Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence For Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangduean Prakairungnamthip
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence For Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchareeporn Ninvilai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sonthaya Tiawsirisup
- Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanisak Oraveerakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiroj Sasipreeyajan
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alongkorn Amonsin
- Center of Excellence For Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aunyaratana Thontiravong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence For Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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3
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Sangkachai N, Thongdee M, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Buddhirongawatr R, Chamsai T, Poltep K, Wiriyarat W, Paungpin W. Serological evidence of influenza virus infection in captive wild felids, Thailand. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1341-1347. [PMID: 31341136 PMCID: PMC6785624 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is known to affect wild felids. To explore the prevalence of influenza viruses in these animal species, 196 archival sera from 5 felid species including Panthera tigris (N=147), Prionailurus viverrinus (N=35), Panthera leo (N=5), Pardofelis temminckii (N=8) and Neofelis nebulosa (N=1) collected between 2011 and 2015 in 10 provinces of Thailand were determined for the presence of antibody to avian and human influenza viruses. Blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay were employed as the screening tests, which the serum samples with HI antibody titers ≥20 were further confirmed by cytopathic effect/hemagglutination based-microneutralization (CPE/HA-based microNT) test. Based on HI and microNT assays, the seropositive rates of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5 virus, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 virus and human H1 virus were 1.53% (3/196), 2.04% (4/196) and 6.63% (13/196), respectively. In addition, we also found antibody against both LPAI H5 virus and HPAI H5 virus in 2 out of 196 tested sera (1.02%). Evidences of influenza virus infection were found in captive P. tigris in Kanchanaburi, Nakhon Sawan and Ratchaburi provinces of Thailand. The findings of our study highlights the need of a continuous active surveillance program of influenza viruses in wild felid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareerat Sangkachai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ruangrat Buddhirongawatr
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Tatiyanuch Chamsai
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kanaporn Poltep
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Witthawat Wiriyarat
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Weena Paungpin
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
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4
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Tunterak W, Prakairungnamthip D, Ninvilai P, Bunyapisitsopa S, Oraveerakul K, Sasipreeyajan J, Amonsin A, Thontiravong A. Serological evidence of duck Tembusu virus infection in free-grazing ducks, Thailand. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1943-1950. [PMID: 30091297 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) has been reported in ducks raised in farming system since its emergence in 2010. No information is available on DTMUV infection in free-grazing ducks, which are commonly raised and widespread in several Asian countries. To determine the presence of DTMUV infection in free-grazing ducks in Thailand, retrospective serum samples collected from 1,000 free-grazing ducks during 2008-2015 were tested for DTMUV infection. Our result showed that 91 (9.10%) were positive for DTMUV neutralizing antibodies and DTMUV seropositive ducks have been detected in Thailand since 2008. To further investigate the seroprevalence and geographic distribution of DTMUV infection in free-grazing ducks in Thailand, a cross-sectional serological survey of DTMUV was conducted in 2016. Of 1,200 free-grazing ducks in the 60 flocks from 20 provinces located in the major free-grazing duck raising areas of Thailand, 365 (30.42%) were positive for DTMUV neutralizing antibodies and 56 flocks (93.33%) had at least one DTMUV seropositive duck. Additionally, DTMUV seropositive ducks were observed in all provinces tested. In conclusion, our data demonstrated the presence of DTMUV infection in free-grazing ducks since 2008 and widespread DTMUV infection in free-grazing ducks in Thailand with a relatively high seroprevalence. These findings suggest the potential role of free-grazing ducks in the dissemination of DTMUV and highlight the necessity of systemic DTMUV surveillance in free-grazing ducks in addition to farm ducks for early detection, prevention, and control of this emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wikanda Tunterak
- Inter-Department Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangduean Prakairungnamthip
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchareeporn Ninvilai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supanat Bunyapisitsopa
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanisak Oraveerakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiroj Sasipreeyajan
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alongkorn Amonsin
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aunyaratana Thontiravong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Kim WH, An JU, Kim J, Moon OK, Bae SH, Bender JB, Cho S. Risk factors associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N8 outbreaks on broiler duck farms in South Korea. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1329-1338. [PMID: 29673109 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N8 outbreaks occurred in poultry farms in South Korea in 2014 resulting in significant damage to the poultry industry. Between 2014 and 2016, the pandemic disease caused significant economic loss and social disruption. To evaluate the risk factors for HPAI infection in broiler duck farms, we conducted a retrospective case-control study on broiler duck farms. Forty-three farms with confirmed laboratories on premises were selected as the case group, and 43 HPAI-negative farms were designated as the control group. Control farms were matched based on farm location and were within a 3-km radius from the case premises. Spatial and environmental factors were characterized by site visit and plotted through a geographic information system (GIS). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were developed to assess possible risk factors associated with HPAI broiler duck farm infection. Four final variables were identified as risk factors in a final multivariable logistic model: "Farms with ≥7 flocks" (odds ratio [OR] = 6.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-37.04), "Farm owner with ≥15 years of raising poultry career" (OR = 7.91, 95% CI 1.69-37.14), "Presence of any poultry farms located within 500 m of the farm" (OR = 6.30, 95% CI 1.08-36.93) and "Not using a faecal removal service" (OR = 27.78, 95% CI 3.89-198.80). This highlights that the HPAI H5N8 outbreaks in South Korea were associated with farm owner education, number of flocks and facilities and farm biosecurity. Awareness of these factors may help to reduce the spread of HPAI H5N8 across broiler duck farms in Korea during epidemics. Greater understanding of the risk factors for H5N8 may improve farm vulnerability to HPAI and other subtypes and help to establish policies to prevent re-occurrence. These findings are relevant to global prevention recommendations and intervention protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-H Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-U An
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - O-K Moon
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - S H Bae
- Department of Geography Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - J B Bender
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Cho
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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6
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Moulick A, Richtera L, Milosavljevic V, Cernei N, Haddad Y, Zitka O, Kopel P, Heger Z, Adam V. Advanced nanotechnologies in avian influenza: Current status and future trends - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 983:42-53. [PMID: 28811028 PMCID: PMC7094654 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the control of avian influenza virus has experienced many difficulties, which have caused major global agricultural problems that have also led to public health consequences. Conventional biochemical methods are not sufficient to detect and control agricultural pathogens in the field due to the growing demand for food and subsidiary products; thus, studies aiming to develop potent alternatives to conventional biochemical methods are urgently needed. In this review, emerging detection systems, their applicability to diagnostics, and their therapeutic possibilities in view of nanotechnology are discussed. Nanotechnology-based sensors are used for rapid, sensitive and cost-effective diagnostics of agricultural pathogens. The application of different nanomaterials promotes interactions between these materials and the virus, which enables researchers to construct portable electroanalytical biosensing analyser that should effectively detect the influenza virus. The present review will provide insights into the guidelines for future experiments to develop better techniques to detect and control influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Moulick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vedran Milosavljevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Cernei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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7
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Meyer A, Dinh TX, Han TA, Do DV, Nhu TV, Pham LT, Nguyen TTT, Newman S, Häsler B, Pfeiffer DU, Vergne T. Trade patterns facilitating highly pathogenic avian influenza virus dissemination in the free-grazing layer duck system in Vietnam. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:408-419. [PMID: 28815990 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses continue to threaten smallholder poultry producers in several South-east Asian countries, including Vietnam. In particular, the free-grazing duck system has been repeatedly highlighted as a major risk factor for HPAI outbreaks. Free-grazing ducks, which scavenge on rice paddies after the harvest, account for a large proportion of the duck population in Vietnam and the wider South-east Asian region. However, the structure and dynamics of the free-grazing duck production from farm to consumption has not been described for Vietnam. In this study, we used a value chain approach to provide a complete picture of the actors involved in the production and marketing of free-grazing duck eggs and spent layer ducks, as well as to investigate the governance structure of this food system. Group interviews and key informant interviews were conducted in two provinces located in the Mekong River Delta (MRD) and the Red River Delta (RRD). The results presented here highlight similarities and differences in farming and trade practices between the two provinces. The trade of spent layer ducks involved large volumes of live ducks being sent to China and Cambodia for consumption, generating a substantial risk of transboundary spread of pathogens, including HPAI viruses. We describe the major role of "duck yards", which act as hubs in the northbound trade of spent layer ducks. These yards should be considered as essential links in the value chain of spent layer ducks when considering HPAI surveillance and control. The veterinary authorities are only marginally involved in the value chain activities, and their influence could be strengthened by increasing surveillance activities for instance in duck yards. Last, we discuss the dynamics of the duck value chain and further implications for future HPAI management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meyer
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - T X Dinh
- National Institute for Animal Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T A Han
- National Institute for Animal Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - D V Do
- National Institute for Animal Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T V Nhu
- National Institute for Animal Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - L T Pham
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T T T Nguyen
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - S Newman
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - B Häsler
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - D U Pfeiffer
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T Vergne
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,MIVEGEC Group (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM2), Montpellier, France
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8
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Meyer A, Dinh TX, Nhu TV, Pham LT, Newman S, Nguyen TTT, Pfeiffer DU, Vergne T. Movement and contact patterns of long-distance free-grazing ducks and avian influenza persistence in Vietnam. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28632789 PMCID: PMC5478089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Presence of ducks, and in particular of free-grazing ducks, has consistently been shown to be one of the most important risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks which has compromised poultry production in South-East Asia since the early 2000s and continues to threaten public health, farmers’ livelihood and food security. Although free-grazing duck production has been practised for decades in South-East Asia, there are few published studies describing this production system, which is suspected to play an important role in the maintenance of avian influenza viruses. This study aimed at describing quantitatively the long-distance free-grazing duck production system in South Vietnam, characterising the movement and contact patterns of the duck flocks, and identifying potential associations between farming practices, movement and contact patterns and the circulation of avian influenza viruses. We conducted interviews among stakeholders involved in the free-grazing duck production system (duck farmers, transporters and rice paddy owners) in combination with a virological cross-sectional survey in South Vietnam. Results show that both direct and indirect contacts between free-grazing duck flocks were frequent and diverse. The flocks were transported extensively across district and province boundaries, mainly by boat but also by truck or on foot. A third of the investigated flocks had a positive influenza A virology test, indicating current circulation of avian influenza viruses, but none were positive for H5 subtypes. The age and size of the flock as well as its location at the time of sampling were associated with the risk of influenza A circulation in the flocks. These findings should be considered when developing risk assessment models of influenza virus spread aimed at informing the development of improved biosecurity practices leading to enhanced animal health, sustainable animal production and reliable income for farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Meyer
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, London, United-Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Thu Van Nhu
- National Institute for Animal Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Thanh Pham
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Scott Newman
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dirk Udo Pfeiffer
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, London, United-Kingdom
- School of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Timothée Vergne
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, London, United-Kingdom
- MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle) Group, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD-224, CNRS-5290, Université de Montpellier 2), Montpellier, France
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Chaiyawong S, Boonyapisitsopa S, Jairak W, Nonthabenjawan N, Tangwangvivat R, Bunpapong N, Amonsin A. Genetic characterization of influenza A virus subtypes H1N3 and H1N9 isolated from free-grazing ducks in Thailand. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2819-24. [PMID: 27383209 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) subtype H1 has been reported to infect birds, pigs and humans. In this study, we characterized IAVs subtype H1N3 and H1N9 isolated from free-grazing ducks in Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Thai IAV-H1 isolates cluster with avian Eurasian-lineage but not pandemic H1N1 viruses. Analysis of the viruses indicated low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) characteristics. This study is the first report of avian H1N3 and H1N9 in Thailand. Although Thai IAV-H1 viruses do not pose a risk of a pandemic, routine surveillance and genetic monitoring of IAVs should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supassama Chaiyawong
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supanat Boonyapisitsopa
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Waleemas Jairak
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nutthawan Nonthabenjawan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Napawan Bunpapong
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Alongkorn Amonsin
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Souris M, Selenic D, Khaklang S, Ninphanomchai S, Minet G, Gonzalez JP, Kittayapong P. Poultry farm vulnerability and risk of avian influenza re-emergence in Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:934-51. [PMID: 24413705 PMCID: PMC3924483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) remains of concern as a major potential global threat. This article evaluates and discusses the level of vulnerability of medium and small-scale commercial poultry production systems in Thailand related to avian influenza virus re-emergence. We developed a survey on 173 farms in Nakhon Pathom province to identify the global level of vulnerability of farms, and to determine which type of farms appears to be more vulnerable. We used official regulations (the Good Agricultural Practices and Livestock Farm Standards regulations) as a reference to check whether these regulations are respected. The results show that numerous vulnerability factors subsist and could represent, in case of HPAI re-emergence, a significant risk for a large spread of the disease. Bio-security, farm management and agro-commercial practices are particularly significant on that matter: results show that these practices still need a thorough improvement on a majority of farms. Farms producing eggs (especially duck eggs) are more vulnerable than farms producing meat. Those results are consistent with the type of farms that were mostly affected during the 2004–2008 outbreaks in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Souris
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Dubravka Selenic
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Supaluk Khaklang
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Suwannapa Ninphanomchai
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Guy Minet
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Pattamaporn Kittayapong
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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Krueger WS, Khuntirat B, Yoon IK, Blair PJ, Chittagarnpitch M, Putnam SD, Supawat K, Gibbons RV, Bhuddari D, Pattamadilok S, Sawanpanyalert P, Heil GL, Gray GC. Prospective study of avian influenza virus infections among rural Thai villagers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72196. [PMID: 23977250 PMCID: PMC3745375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2008, 800 rural Thai adults living within Kamphaeng Phet Province were enrolled in a prospective cohort study of zoonotic influenza transmission. Serological analyses of enrollment sera suggested this cohort had experienced subclinical avian influenza virus (AIV) infections with H9N2 and H5N1 viruses. Methods After enrollment, participants were contacted weekly for 24mos for acute influenza-like illnesses (ILI). Cohort members confirmed to have influenza A infections were enrolled with their household contacts in a family transmission study involving paired sera and respiratory swab collections. Cohort members also provided sera at 12 and 24 months after enrollment. Serologic and real-time RT-PCR assays were performed against avian, swine, and human influenza viruses. Results Over the 2 yrs of follow-up, 81 ILI investigations in the cohort were conducted; 31 (38%) were identified as influenza A infections by qRT-PCR. Eighty-three household contacts were enrolled; 12 (14%) reported ILIs, and 11 (92%) of those were identified as influenza infections. A number of subjects were found to have slightly elevated antibodies against avian-like A/Hong Kong/1073/1999(H9N2) virus: 21 subjects (2.7%) at 12-months and 40 subjects (5.1%) at 24-months. Among these, two largely asymptomatic acute infections with H9N2 virus were detected by >4-fold increases in annual serologic titers (final titers 1∶80). While controlling for age and influenza vaccine receipt, moderate poultry exposure was significantly associated with elevated H9N2 titers (adjusted OR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.04–5.2) at the 24-month encounter. One subject had an elevated titer (1∶20) against H5N1 during follow-up. Conclusions From 2008–10, evidence for AIV infections was sparse among this rural population. Subclinical H9N2 AIV infections likely occurred, but serological results were confounded by antibody cross-reactions. There is a critical need for improved serological diagnostics to more accurately detect subclinical AIV infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S. Krueger
- College of Public Health and Health Professions and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Benjawan Khuntirat
- US Army Medical Component - Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- US Army Medical Component - Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patrick J. Blair
- Naval Medical Research Unit 2 and Office of Defense Cooperation, Singapore
| | | | - Shannon D. Putnam
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Krongkaew Supawat
- National Institute of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert V. Gibbons
- US Army Medical Component - Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darunee Bhuddari
- US Army Medical Component - Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Gary L. Heil
- College of Public Health and Health Professions and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gregory C. Gray
- College of Public Health and Health Professions and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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