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Bhat S, Kattoor JJ, Sircar S, VinodhKumar OR, Thomas P, Ghosh S, Malik YS. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Porcine Teschoviruses in India: Identification of New Genotypes. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:963-972. [PMID: 39282184 PMCID: PMC11399526 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine Teschoviruses (PTVs) are ubiquitous enteric viral pathogens that infect pigs and wild boars worldwide. PTVs have been responsible for causing the severe clinical disease (Teschen disease) to asymptomatic infections. However, to date, limited information is available on large-scale epidemiological data and molecular characterization of PTVs in several countries. In this study, we report epidemiological data on PTVs based on screening of 534 porcine fecal samples from different states of India and a RT-PCR based detection of PTVs shows a percent positivity of 8.24% (44/534). The PTV prevalence varied among different regions of the country with the highest detection rates observed in the state of Karnataka (38.1%). Phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 gene reveals the presence of PTV genotype 6 and 13 along with some unassigned novel genotypes which did not cluster with any of the established PTV genotypes (PTV 1-PTV 13). Indian PTV 6 strains are genetically closest to the Spanish strains (85.7-94.4%) whereas PTV 13 and novel genotype strains were found to be more similar to the Chinese strains (88.1-99.1%). Using recombination detection software, no Indian PTVs found to be recombinant on VP1 gene and selection pressure analysis revealed the purifying selection in the several sites of the VP1 gene of PTVs. The Bayesian analysis of Indian PTVs shows 1.16 × 10-4 substitution/site/year as the mean evolutionary rate. Further, isolation of the novel PTV strains from India and more detailed investigation much needed to know the evolutionary history of PTV strains circulating in porcine populations in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Bhat
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243 122 India
| | - Jobin Jose Kattoor
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243 122 India
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243 122 India
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - O R VinodhKumar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243 122 India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243 122 India
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. 334, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243 122 India
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141001 India
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Ding Y, Xie X, Huang J, Yin C, Yang T. Complete coding genome sequence of a Teschovirus A genotype strain. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0006324. [PMID: 38349169 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00063-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reports the complete coding genome sequence of a novel Teschovirus A genotype strain, SG2, isolated from the fecal sample of an infected indigenous pig in western Jiangxi, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Ding
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Yiyang Vocational and Technical College, Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiefeng Huang
- Loudi Municipal Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Loudi, Hunan, China
| | - Can Yin
- Huaihua Vocational and Technical College, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Taotao Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
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Zhang B, Guo R, Xiao L, Zhong C, Yuan X, Huang J, Zhu X, Zhou J, Fan B, Xue T, Liu C, Zhu X, Li J, Li B. Analysis on the genome of a teschovirus type 1 isolates with swine diarrhea. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14710. [PMID: 37035382 PMCID: PMC10073753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine Teschoviruses (PTVs) are associated with polioencephalomyelitis and various diseases, including reproductive and gastrointestinal disorders of pigs and wild boars, but rarely detected in the feces of pigs. In this study, a sample of swine diarrhea that tested positive for PTVs is subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The viral genome was 7221 nucleotides (nt) in length, which was consisted of twelve genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed and it was closely related to the PTV-HNMY(MG755212.1). The nucleotide homology of VP1 gene of PTVs JS2021 with PTV-1AF 296102.1 reached 82.97%, belonging to a branch of PTV-1 serotype. The nucleotide homology of VP1 protein with other serotypes of PTV is quite different from that of other serotypes of PTV. Bioinformatics analysis showed that PTVs have four capsid proteins, namely VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4. The VP1 encodes a 29 kDa protein, which is the main protective antigen, a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.73, no transmembrane domain, no signal peptide and potential phosphorylation site. The VP1 protein is an unstable hydrophilic intracellular protein, which contains four secondary structures: irregular curl (c), extended chain (e), α-helix (h) and β-folded (t). The tertiary structure is heart-shaped and has multiple B cell epitopes. By analyzing the tertiary structure, we found that the amino acid at position 129 of VP1 mutated and reduction a larger alpha helix. This may lead to the main cause of piglet diarrhea. These findings enriched our knowledge of the viruses in the role of swine diarrhea, and help to develop an effective strategy for disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotai Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Rongli Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chunyan Zhong
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Department of Bioengineering, Qianxinan Vocational and Technical College for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, China
| | - Xuesong Yuan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Tao Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Chuanmin Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jizong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Liang W, Wu X, Ding Z, Zhong S, Qian X, Ye P, Liu H, Chen Z, Zhang J, Cao H, Hu G, Luo J, Li Z, Ding N, Hu R. Identification of a novel porcine Teschovirus 2 strain as causative agent of encephalomyelitis in suckling piglets with high mortality in China. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:2. [PMID: 36597091 PMCID: PMC9810521 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine Teschovirus (PTV), also named Teschovirus A, is prevalent in pig populations, mainly causing neurological symptoms, diarrhea, pneumonia, and reproductive failure, however the morbidity and mortality are usually low in pig farms. CASE PRESENTATION In this study, we reported a PTV outbreak investigation in one large-scale pig farm in China with severe symptoms including diarrhea, lethargy, locomotor ataxia, nystagmus, paralysis of the hind limbs, and coma in piglets. More importantly, the mortality reached 38% in suckling pigs, which is remarkably high in PTV history. A novel PTV strain, named HeNZ1, was isolated from cerebral samples of one suckling pig and the genome sequence was obtained by NGS sequencing. Phylogenetic and evolutionary divergence analyses revealed that HeNZ1 belongs to PTV genotype 2. Surprisingly, the VP1 coding region of HeNZ1 shares the highest sequence similarity with European PTV-2 strains, instead of China domestic PTV-2 strains, implying it may not derive from China local PTV-2 strains. Multiple sequence alignment and B cell epitope prediction of PTV VP1 and VP2 protein revealed 10 B cell epitopes, 5 mutant clusters and 36 unique mutation sites, of which 19 unique mutation sites are located in B cell epitopes and exposed on the surface of VP1 or VP2, implying significant antigenic drift potential of HeNZ1. CONCLUSION These results indicate that HeNZ1 is a highly virulent PTV-2 strain, which capable of causing severe neurological symptoms and high mortality in piglets. Bioinformatic analysis suggest that HeNZ1 is genetically and antigenically different from other Chinese PTV-2 strains. Overall, current case expanded our understanding of PTV-2 clinical spectrum and revealed the emergence of a highly virulent PTV-2 strain with substantial genetic diversity and antigenic drift potential in VP1 and VP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Liang
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China ,grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Xiangdong Wu
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Zhen Ding
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Shengwei Zhong
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Xinjie Qian
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Pei Ye
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Hao Liu
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Zheng Chen
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Huabin Cao
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China ,grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China ,grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Junrong Luo
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China ,grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
| | - Zuohua Li
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Nengshui Ding
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China ,Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Aonong Group, Zhangzhou, 363000 China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China ,grid.411859.00000 0004 1808 3238Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi China
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Virome Analysis for Identification of a Novel Porcine Sapelovirus Isolated in Western China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0180122. [PMID: 35938790 PMCID: PMC9430179 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01801-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is one of the most important problems associated with the production of piglets, which have a wide range of possible pathogens. This study identified a strain of porcine sapelovirus (PSV) by using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies as the pathogen among fecal samples in a pig herd. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PSV isolates shared a unique polyprotein and clustered with Chinese isolates identified before 2013. The PSV strain was then isolated and named GS01. The in vitro and in vivo biological characteristics of this virus were then described. Our pathogenicity investigation showed that GS01 could cause an inflammatory reaction and induce serious diarrhea in neonatal piglets. To our knowledge, this is the first isolation and characterization of PSV in western China. Our results demonstrate that the PSV GS01 strain is destructive to neonatal piglets and might show an expanded role for sapeloviruses. IMPORTANCE Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) infection leads to severe polioencephalomyelitis with high morbidity and mortality, resulting in significant economic losses. In previous studies, PSV infections were always subclinical or only involved a series of mild symptoms, including spinal cord damage, inappetence, diarrhea, and breathless. However, in our study, we isolated a novel PSV by virome analysis. We also determined the biological characteristics of this virus in vitro and in vivo. Our study showed that this novel PSV could cause an inflammatory response and induce serious diarrhea in neonatal piglets. To our knowledge, this is the first isolation and characterization of PSV in western China. These findings highlight the importance of prevention for the potential threats of PSV.
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Ren X, Qian P, Hu Z, Chen H, Li X. Genetic characterization of atypical porcine pestivirus from neonatal piglets with congenital tremor in Hubei province, China. Virol J 2022; 19:51. [PMID: 35331281 PMCID: PMC8944037 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a single-stranded RNA virus with high genetic variation that causes congenital tremor (CT) in newborn piglets, belonging to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Increasing cases of APPV infection in China in the past few years would pose severe challenges to the development of pig production. In view of the high genetic variability of APPV, the genetic characteristics of APPV in Hubei province was determined. Methods 52 tissue samples from 8 CT-affected newborn piglets were collected at two different periods in the same pig farm in Hubei province. Viral nucleic acid was extracted to detect pathogens that can cause CT in piglets or other common clinical pathogens by RT-PCR. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, and qRT-PCR were performed to observe histopathological changes and histological distribution, and detect the viral load of APPV in CT-affected piglets. The full-length genome of APPV was obtained and sequence analysis was conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationship. Results Histopathological observation and histological distribution analysis showed that the histological lesions and distribution of APPV were mainly in central nervous system (CNS) tissues and immune tissues. Viral load analysis revealed that the viral copy number was higher in the cerebellum, submaxillary lymph nodes, tonsil, and serum than in other tissues. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CH-HB2020 and CH-HB2021 belonged to Clade I.3, and is most closely related to APPV_CH-GX2016. Sequence alignment based on APPV encoding sequences (CDS) showed that the nucleotide identities of CH-HB2020 or CH-HB2021 with Clade I, Clade II, and Clade III strains were 83.5–98.6%, 83.1–83.5%, and 81.1–81.4%, respectively, while the amino acid identities were 91.9–99.2%, 91.2–95.3%, and 90.77–91.4%, respectively. No recombination event was observed in CH-HB2020 or CH-HB2021 strains. Conclusions These findings enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of APPV and may provide potential molecular evidence for its prevalence and transmission. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01780-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujiao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zihui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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7
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Stäubli T, Rickli CI, Torgerson PR, Fraefel C, Lechmann J. Porcine teschovirus, sapelovirus, and enterovirus in Swiss pigs: multiplex RT-PCR investigation of viral frequencies and disease association. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:864-874. [PMID: 34151653 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211025827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine teschovirus (PTV), sapelovirus (PSV-A), and enterovirus (EV-G) are enteric viruses that can infect pigs and wild boars worldwide. The viruses have been associated with several diseases, primarily gastrointestinal, neurologic, reproductive, and respiratory disorders, but also with subclinical infections. However, for most serotypes, proof of a causal relationship between viral infection and clinical signs is still lacking. In Switzerland, there has been limited investigation of the occurrence of the 3 viruses. We used a modified multiplex reverse-transcription PCR protocol to study the distribution of the viruses in Swiss pigs by testing 363 fecal, brain, and placental or abortion samples from 282 healthy and diseased animals. We did not detect the 3 viruses in 94 placental or abortion samples or in 31 brain samples from healthy pigs. In brain tissue of 81 diseased pigs, we detected 5 PSV-A and 4 EV-G positive samples. In contrast, all 3 viruses were detected at high frequencies in fecal samples of both healthy and diseased pigs. In healthy animals, PTV was detected in 47%, PSV-A in 51%, and EV-G in 70% of the 76 samples; in diseased animals, frequencies in the 81 samples were 54%, 64%, and 68%, respectively. The viruses were detected more frequently in fecal samples from weaned and fattening pigs compared to suckling piglets and sows. Co-detections of all 3 viruses were the most common finding. Based on clinical and pathology data, statistical analysis yielded no evidence for an association of virus detection and disease. Further research is required to determine if pathogenicity is linked to specific serotypes of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stäubli
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte I Rickli
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornel Fraefel
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Lechmann
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Sawant PM, Atre N, Kulkarni A, Gopalkrishna V. Detection and molecular characterization of porcine enterovirus G15 and teschovirus from India. Pathog Dis 2021; 78:5874254. [PMID: 32691821 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine enterovirus G (EV-G) and teschovirus (PTV) generally cause asymptomatic infections. Although both viruses have been reported from various countries, they are rarely detected from India. To detect these viruses in Western India, fecal samples (n = 26) of diarrheic piglets aged below three months from private pig farms near Pune (Maharashtra) were collected. The samples were screened by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using conserved enterovirus specific primers from 5' untranslated region. For genetic characterization of detected EV-G strain, nearly complete genome, and for PTV, partial VP1 gene were sequenced. EV-G strain showed the highest identity in a VP1 gene at nucleotide (78.61%) and amino acid (88.65%) level with EV-G15, prototype strain. However, its complete genome was homologous with the nucleotide (78.38% identity) and amino acid (91.24% identity) level to Ishi-Ka2 strain (LC316832), unassigned EV-G genotype detected from Japan. The nearly complete genome of EV-G15 consisted of 7398 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail and has an open reading frame that encodes a 2170 amino acid polyprotein. Genetic analysis of the partial VP1 gene of teschovirus identified porcine teschovirus 4 (PTV-4) and putative PTV-17 genotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on nearly full genome characterization of EV-G15, and detection of PTV-4 and putative PTV-17 genotypes from India. Further, detection and characterization of porcine enteroviruses are needed for a comprehensive understanding of their genetic diversity and their association with symptomatic infections from other geographical regions of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Mahadev Sawant
- Enteric Virus Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Atre
- Bioinformatics Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology (Pashan Campus), Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Varanasi Gopalkrishna
- Enteric Virus Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
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9
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Ma H, Zhang M, Wu M, Ghonaim AH, Fan S, He Q. Isolation and genetic characteristics of a neurotropic teschovirus variant belonging to genotype 1 in northeast China. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1355-1370. [PMID: 33709216 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine teschovirus (PTV) is a causative agent of reproductive disorders, encephalomyelitis, respiratory diseases, and diarrhea in swine, with a worldwide distribution. In this work, we identified PTV-associated nonsuppurative encephalitis as a potential cause of posterior paralysis in neonatal pigs in northeast China. Using indirect immunofluorescence assay, western blot, electron microscopy, and genome sequencing, we identified a neurotropic PTV strain, named CHN-NP1-2016, in the supernatants of pooled cerebrum and cerebellum samples from an affected piglet. Nucleotide sequence alignment revealed that the whole genome of CHN-NP1-2016 shared the highest sequence similarity (86.76% identity) with PTV 1 strain Talfan. A combination of phylogenetic and genetic divergence analysis was applied based on the deduced amino acid sequence of the P1 gene with a cutoff value of the genetic distance (0.102 ± 0.008) for defining PTV genotypes, and this showed that CHN-NP1-2016 is a variant of genotype 1. In total, 16 unique mutations and five mutant clusters were detected in the capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 of CHN-NP1-2016 when compared to other PTV1 isolates. Importantly, we detected three mutant clusters located in the exposed surface loops of the capsid protein, potentially indicating significant differences in major neutralization epitopes. Moreover, a potential recombination event in the P1 region of PTV CHN-NP1-2016 was detected. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of recombination in the evolution of teschoviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of PTV-1-associated encephalitis in northeast China. Future investigations will narrow on the serology and pathogenicity of this novel isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meizhou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ahmed H Ghonaim
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shengxian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qigai He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shi-zi-shan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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10
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Identification of novel genotypes belonging to the species Teschovirus A from indigenous pigs in western Jiangxi, China. Arch Virol 2020; 165:993-1001. [PMID: 32037488 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Teschovirus A is currently the sole species in the genus Teschovirus, whose members are divided into 13 subtypes: porcine teschovirus (PTV) 1-13. However, recent discoveries of novel PTV genotypes have suggested that a new species, "Teschovirus B", should be established. Here, we have identified six of the 19 known genotypes and two novel genotypes (PTV 17-18), revealing the high genetic diversity of the PTV subpopulation in indigenous pigs of western Jiangxi, China. Moreover, we determined the nearly complete genome sequences of PTV 17-SG9 and PTV 18-SG10. Together with PTV 1-13, these novel genotypes were confirmed to be members of the species Teschovirus A based on phylogenetic and genetic divergence analysis. Consequently, the species Teschovirus A now includes at least 15 PTV genotypes.
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11
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Yang T, Lu Y, Zhang L, Li X, Chang Y. Novel species of Teschovirus B comprises at least three distinct evolutionary genotypes. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:1015-1018. [PMID: 31657526 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conventionally, Porcine teschovirus (PTV) consists of 13 genotypes (PTV 1-13, which belong to Teschovirus A); however, several novel members including PTV 14-22 have been discovered recently. PTV 21 was identified as a novel Teschovirus species named Teschovirus B. In this study, almost all 22 reported PTV genotypes except PTV 6, 7, 12 and 20 were identified in the pig populations of western Jiangxi, China, which reflects the high genotype diversity. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the nearly complete genome of PTV 22-JiangX1 was first sequenced in the present study. The homology comparison of the polyprotein genes showed that PTV 22-JiangX1 shared a relatively high nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence identities ranging from 78.3% to 82.0% and 84.6% to 89.3%, respectively, with PTV 19 and 21. Additionally, the PTV strain of JiangX1 represents genotype 22 with the PTV 19, and 21 strains proved to be members of Teschovirus B based on the phylogenetic and evolutionary divergence analyses. Finally, we determined that the novel Teschovirus B species comprises at least three PTV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Yingmei Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
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12
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Oba M, Naoi Y, Ito M, Masuda T, Katayama Y, Sakaguchi S, Omatsu T, Furuya T, Yamasato H, Sunaga F, Makino S, Mizutani T, Nagai M. Metagenomic identification and sequence analysis of a Teschovirus A-related virus in porcine feces in Japan, 2014-2016. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:210-216. [PMID: 30316885 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Porcine Teschoviruses (PTVs) are associated with polioencephalomyelitis and various diseases, including reproductive and gastrointestinal disorders, of pigs and wild boars, and are also detected in the feces of healthy pigs. The genus Teschovirus contains a single species Teschovirus A that currently includes 13 serotypes. In the present study, we identified novel PTVs that are distantly related to Teschovirus A and were found in fecal samples of pigs with or without diarrhea in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid (aa) sequences of the complete coding region revealed that these newly identified viruses did not cluster with any strains of PTVs or other strains within the picornavirus supergroup 1, suggesting that the viruses may not belong to Teschovirus A or any genus of the family Picornaviridae. These novel PTVs share a type IV internal ribosomal entry site and conserved characteristic motifs in the coding region, yet exhibit 62.2-79.0%, 86.6-92.8%, 77.1-81.0%, and 84.3-86.7% aa identities to PTV strains in P1, 2C, 3C, and 3D regions, respectively. In contrast, PTV 1-13 strains of the Teschovirus A share 76.5-92.1%, 88.1-99.7%, 93.2-100%, and 95.8-100% aa identities in the P1, 2C, 3C, and 3D, respectively, within the species. These data imply that the newly identified viruses belong to teschoviruses, and may represent a novel species in the genus Teschovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Oba
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuki Naoi
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Ishikawa Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Masuda
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori 683-0017, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shoichi Sakaguchi
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamasato
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori 683-0017, Japan
| | - Fujiko Sunaga
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shinji Makino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, United States
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
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13
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Yang T, Li R, Yao Q, Zhou X, Liao H, Ge M, Yu X. Prevalence of Porcine teschovirus genotypes in Hunan, China: identification of novel viral species and genotypes. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1261-1267. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Yang
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
- 2College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, PR China
| | - Runcheng Li
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Qing Yao
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Huayuan Liao
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Meng Ge
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Xinglong Yu
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
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