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Sibanda S, Pfukenyi DM, Hang'ombe B, Matope G. Epidemiology of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) in fish in the main water bodies of the Kavango-Zambezi and Great Limpopo transfrontier conservation areas of Zimbabwe. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:201-213. [PMID: 36504110 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A three-year study investigated the epidemiology of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) in fish from Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) and Great Limpopo (GL) transfrontier conservation areas of Zimbabwe. A total of 38 sites comprising 27 wild fisheries and 11 aquacultures, from Mashonaland West, Matabeleland North and South, and Midlands were selected. Of the 27 wild fisheries, EUS-positive fish were detected from 9 (33.3%) and none from the 11 aquacultures. No positive cases were detected from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from both aquacultures and wild fisheries. A total of 9.9% (239/2423) fish from the nine positive fisheries had typical EUS lesions, and infection was confirmed in 15 species. Prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in KAZA (11.5%; 95% CI: 9.6-13.4) compared with GL (8.6%; 95% CI: 7.1-10.1). The most affected were Clarias, followed by Barbus and Oreochromis species. Most cases (>80%) were reported in winter when ambient temperature was low. Further studies are required to determine water parameters associated with EUS outbreaks. These results suggested that the African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) could be used potentially as an indicator species for EUS surveillance programmes. Thus, implementation of surveillance and biosecurity programmes that take into consideration the epidemiology of EUS will be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitokozile Sibanda
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Davies M Pfukenyi
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Bernard Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Gift Matope
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Jiang H, Luo S, Zhou J, Huang W, Li L, Zhang X, He J, Chen J. Skin Microbiota Was Altered in Crocodile Lizards (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) With Skin Ulcer. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:817490. [PMID: 35237680 PMCID: PMC8884271 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.817490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases commonly affect reptiles, but their relationships to the closely related skin microbiome are not well-understood. In recent years, both the wild and captive populations of the crocodile lizard, a Class I protected endangered animal in China, have suffered serious skin diseases that hamper the rescue and release projects for their conservation. This study conducted a detailed prevalence investigation of a major dermatosis characterized by foot skin ulcer in crocodile lizards. It should be noticed that skin ulcer has been prevalent in both captive and wild populations. There was positive correlation between skin ulcer and temperature, while no significant relationship between skin ulcer and humidity, sex, and age. We further studied the relationship between skin ulcer and the skin microbiota using meta-taxonomics. Results showed that the skin microbiota of crocodile lizards was significantly different from those of the environmental microbial communities, and that skin microbiota had a significant relationship with skin ulcer despite the impact of environment. Both bacterial and fungal communities on the ulcerated skin were significantly changed, which was characterized by lower community diversity and different dominant microbes. Our findings provide an insight into the relationship between skin microbiota and skin disease in reptile, serving as a reference for dermatological etiology in wildlife conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Luo
- Guangxi Daguishan Crocodile Lizard National Nature Reserve, Hezhou, China
| | - Jiabin Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhong Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linmiao Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasong He
- Guangxi Daguishan Crocodile Lizard National Nature Reserve, Hezhou, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinping Chen
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Ehsan R, Rahman A, Paul SI, Ador MAA, Haque MS, Akter T, Rahman MM. Aeromonas veronii isolated from climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) suffering from epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS). AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Iberahim NA, Sood N, Pradhan PK, van den Boom J, van West P, Trusch F. The chaperone Lhs1 contributes to the virulence of the fish-pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces invadans. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:1024-1031. [PMID: 33213782 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oomycetes are fungal-like eukaryotes and many of them are pathogens that threaten natural ecosystems and cause huge financial losses for the aqua- and agriculture industry. Amongst them, Aphanomyces invadans causes Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) in fish which can be responsible for up to 100% mortality in aquaculture. As other eukaryotic pathogens, in order to establish and promote an infection, A. invadans secretes proteins, which are predicted to overcome host defence mechanisms and interfere with other processes inside the host. We investigated the role of Lhs1 which is part of an ER-resident complex that generally promotes the translocation of proteins from the cytoplasm into the ER for further processing and secretion. Interestingly, proteomic studies reveal that only a subset of virulence factors are affected by the silencing of AiLhs1 in A. invadans indicating various secretion pathways for different proteins. Importantly, changes in the secretome upon silencing of AiLhs1 significantly reduces the virulence of A. invadans in the infection model Galleriamellonella. Furthermore, we show that AiLhs1 is important for the production of zoospores and their cluster formation. This renders proteins required for protein ER translocation as interesting targets for the potential development of alternative disease control strategies in agri- and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Aqilah Iberahim
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom; International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development (ICARD), University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Faculty of Fisheries and Food Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Malaysia
| | - Neeraj Sood
- Fish Health Management Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, 226002, Lucknow, India
| | - Pravata Kumar Pradhan
- Fish Health Management Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, 226002, Lucknow, India
| | - Johannes van den Boom
- Molecular Biology I, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Pieter van West
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom; International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development (ICARD), University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Franziska Trusch
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom; International Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development (ICARD), University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Molecular insights into the mechanisms of susceptibility of Labeo rohita against oomycete Aphanomyces invadans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19531. [PMID: 33177569 PMCID: PMC7658212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphanomyces invadans, the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome, is one of the most destructive pathogens of freshwater fishes. To date, the disease has been reported from over 160 fish species in 20 countries and notably, this is the first non-salmonid disease that has resulted in major impacts globally. In particular, Indian major carps (IMCs) are highly susceptible to this disease. To increase our knowledge particularly with regards to host immune response against A. invadans infection in a susceptible host, the gene expression profile in head kidney of A. invadans-infected and control rohu, Labeo rohita was investigated using RNA sequencing. Time course analysis of RNA-Seq data revealed 5608 differentially expressed genes, involved among others in Antigen processing and presentation, Leukocyte transendothelial migration, IL-17 signaling, Chemokine signaling, C-type lectin receptor signaling and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. In the affected pathways, a number of immune genes were found to be downregulated, suggesting an immune evasion strategy of A. invadans in establishing the infection. The information generated in this study offers first systematic mechanistic understanding of the host–pathogen interaction that might underpin the development of new management strategies for this economically devastating fish-pathogenic oomycete A. invadans.
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