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Manente R, Santella B, Pagliano P, Santoro E, Casolaro V, Borrelli A, Capunzo M, Galdiero M, Franci G, Boccia G. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Causative Agents to Ocular Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040463. [PMID: 35453215 PMCID: PMC9032492 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial ocular infections are a worldwide health problem and, if untreated, can damage the structure of the eye and contribute to permanent disability. Knowledge of the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the main causative agents involved in ocular infections is necessary for defining an optimal antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to analyse bacterial species involved in ocular infections and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Conjunctival swab samples were collected from patients with bacterial conjunctivitis at the University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona between January 2015 and December 2019. The identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed using the VITEK 2 system. A total of 281 causative agents of ocular infections were isolated, 81.8% of which were Gram-positive bacteria. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the most commonly isolated species among Gram-positive bacteria, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, Pseudomonas spp. and Escherichia coli were the main species isolated among Gram-negative bacteria (18.2%). Overall, linezolid, teicoplanin, tigecycline and vancomycin were the most effective antimicrobials. Analysis of resistance rates over time highlighted increasing resistance for azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin among CoNS, and clindamycin and erythromycin among Staphylococcus aureus. This study has identified the profiles of the major pathogens involved in ocular infection and their susceptibility patterns, which will help improve the treatments and the choice of antibiotics in ocular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Manente
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (B.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Biagio Santella
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (B.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Pasquale Pagliano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.P.); (E.S.); (V.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Emanuela Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.P.); (E.S.); (V.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.P.); (E.S.); (V.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Borrelli
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.P.); (E.S.); (V.C.); (M.C.)
- Dai Dipartimento Di Igiene Sanitaria e Medicina Valutativa U.O.C. Patologia Clinica e Microbiologica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Scuola Medica Salernitana, Largo Città di Ippocrate, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (B.S.); (M.G.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.P.); (E.S.); (V.C.); (M.C.)
- Dai Dipartimento Di Igiene Sanitaria e Medicina Valutativa U.O.C. Patologia Clinica e Microbiologica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Scuola Medica Salernitana, Largo Città di Ippocrate, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanni Boccia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.P.); (E.S.); (V.C.); (M.C.)
- Dai Dipartimento Di Igiene Sanitaria e Medicina Valutativa U.O.C. Patologia Clinica e Microbiologica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Scuola Medica Salernitana, Largo Città di Ippocrate, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (G.B.)
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Hoyt-Austin A, Dove MS, Abrahão R, Kair LR, Schwarz EB. Awareness That Breastfeeding Reduces Breast Cancer Risk: 2015-2017 National Survey of Family Growth. Obstet Gynecol 2020; 136:1154-1156. [PMID: 33156184 PMCID: PMC7724754 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Only 38.5% of U.S. women are aware that breastfeeding is associated with reduced incidence of breast cancer, and efforts are needed to educate pregnant women of the maternal health benefits breastfeeding provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Hoyt-Austin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Public Health Sciences, and Medicine and the Center for Healthcare Policy & Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
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