1
|
Stastna B, Dolezalova T, Matejkova K, Nemcova B, Zemankova P, Janatova M, Kleiblova P, Soukupova J, Kleibl Z. Germline pathogenic variants in the MRE11, RAD50, and NBN (MRN) genes in cancer predisposition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38924040 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The MRE11, RAD50, and NBN genes encode the MRN complex sensing DNA breaks and directing their repair. While carriers of biallelic germline pathogenic variants (gPV) develop rare chromosomal instability syndromes, the cancer risk in heterozygotes remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of 53 studies in patients with different cancer diagnoses to better understand the cancer risk. We found an increased risk (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) for gPV carriers in NBN for melanoma (7.14; 3.30-15.43), pancreatic cancer (4.03; 2.14-7.58), hematological tumors (3.42; 1.14-10.22), and prostate cancer (2.44, 1.84-3.24), but a low risk for breast cancer (1.29; 1.00-1.66) and an insignificant risk for ovarian cancer (1.53; 0.76-3.09). We found no increased breast cancer risk in carriers of gPV in RAD50 (0.93; 0.74-1.16; except of c.687del carriers) and MRE11 (0.87; 0.66-1.13). The secondary burden analysis compared the frequencies of gPV in MRN genes in patients from 150 studies with those in the gnomAD database. In NBN gPV carriers, this analysis additionally showed a high risk for brain tumors (5.06; 2.39-9.52), a low risk for colorectal (1.64; 1.26-2.10) and hepatobiliary (2.16; 1.02-4.06) cancers, and no risk for endometrial, and gastric cancer. The secondary burden analysis showed also a moderate risk for ovarian cancer (3.00; 1.27-6.08) in MRE11 gPV carriers, and no risk for ovarian and hepatobiliary cancers in RAD50 gPV carriers. These findings provide a robust clinical evidence of cancer risks to guide personalized clinical management in heterozygous carriers of gPV in the MRE11, RAD50, and NBN genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Stastna
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tatana Dolezalova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Matejkova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Nemcova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Zemankova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Janatova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wahab MRA, Palaniyandi T, Thamada S, Viswanathan S, Baskar G, Surendran H, Baraneedharan P, Kannan J, Ravi M, Rajinikanth S, El-Tayeb MA, Syed S. Assessment of genome mutation analysis for tumor-informed detection of circulating tumor DNA in patients with breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119818. [PMID: 38879066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer, one of the most aggressive types of cancer, poses significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Emerging as a promising biomarker, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be used to identify and monitor disease risk. This study sought to examine the impact of mutations in various genes on the progression of breast cancer. Genetic variants associated with breast cancer have been examined in individuals diagnosed with the disease worldwide. METHODS Fifty female participants underwent breast cancer testing. Sanger sequencing was used to analyze peripheral blood DNA from these individuals to detect disease-causing mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, PTEN, TP53, and ATM genes. Genetic alterations linked to breast cancer were screened and the findings were compared with those of tumor genes. RESULTS The development of hereditary/early onset breast cancer in this study was significantly associated with mutations in ATM, PTEN, TP53, and BRCA1/BRCA2, according to the analysis of sequencing data. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of analyzing ctDNA in patients with breast cancer (BC) undergoing palliative treatment using an SS-based technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, India; Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai-602105, India.
| | - Swarnakala Thamada
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Zoological Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair 744 102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Sandhiya Viswanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, India
| | - Gomathy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, India
| | - Hemapreethi Surendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, India
| | - P Baraneedharan
- Centre for Photonics and Nanotechnology Research, Electronic and Communications Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, India
| | - J Kannan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Madras Medical College, R. G. G. G. H., Chennai-600003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai- 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suba Rajinikanth
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Chennai-600095, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed A El-Tayeb
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh -11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaban Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh -11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdel-Razeq H, Mustafa R, Abdel-Razeq S, Abu-Fares H, Al Masri S, Damsees R, El-Atrash M, Elemian S, Alkyam M, Ammar K, Bater R, Kderat M, Alhajahjeh A. Pathogenic germline variants in patients with breast cancer: conversations across generations, practices and patients' attitude. Front Genet 2023; 14:1194075. [PMID: 37920853 PMCID: PMC10619647 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1194075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer susceptibility genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, CHEK2 and many others are increasingly recognized among our patient population. In addition to their impact on treatment decisions of tested patients themselves, identifying at-risk family members offer opportunities for cancer preventive measures. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study of adult breast cancer patients with positive breast-cancer-susceptibility germline variants who received treatment at our institution. Patients with variants of uncertain significance (VUS), or who refused to give consent, were excluded. The data was collected from an eligible sample of breast cancer patients using a structured questionnaire developed by the study team and tested for validity and reliability, as well as a clinical chart review form. Patients were invited to participate in the study during their scheduled oncology clinics visit. Results: 169 patients were enrolled, including 42 (24.9%) with pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) BRCA1 variants, 84 (49.7%) with BRCA2 and 43 (25.4%) with non-BRCA variants. All patients were female and the mean age was 45 ± 9.9 years. Among 140 eligible patients, 104 (74.3%) underwent prophylactic mastectomy, while 79 (59.0%) of 134 eligible patients had prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO). Results were communicated with family members by majority (n = 160, 94.7%), including 642 first degree female relatives, and 286 (44.5%) of them have taken no action. Fear of positive test results, cost of testing, unwillingness to undergo preventive measures, and social stigma were cited as barriers to genetic testing in 54%, 50%, 34% and 15%, respectively. Conclusion: Risk-reducing interventions including mastectomy and BSO were carried by majority of patients with P/LP variants. However, though the rate of communication of genetic testing results with family members was high, proper preventive measures were relatively low. Cost and fear of cancer diagnosis, were the leading causes that prevented cascade testing in our cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikmat Abdel-Razeq
- King Hussein Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amman, Jordan
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rawan Mustafa
- King Hussein Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Hala Abu-Fares
- King Hussein Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sama Al Masri
- King Hussein Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rana Damsees
- King Hussein Cancer Center, The Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mariam El-Atrash
- King Hussein Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shatha Elemian
- King Hussein Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mais Alkyam
- King Hussein Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khawlah Ammar
- King Hussein Cancer Center, The Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rayan Bater
- King Hussein Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Marah Kderat
- King Hussein Cancer Center, The Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, Amman, Jordan
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhunussova G, Omarbayeva N, Kaidarova D, Abdikerim S, Mit N, Kisselev I, Yergali K, Zhunussova A, Goncharova T, Abdrakhmanova A, Djansugurova L. Determination of genetic predisposition to early breast cancer in women of Kazakh ethnicity. Oncotarget 2023; 14:860-877. [PMID: 37791908 PMCID: PMC10549772 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer among women in Kazakhstan. To date, little data are available on the spectrum of genetic variation in Kazakh women with BC. We aimed to identify population-specific genetic markers associated with the risk of developing early-onset BC and test their association with clinical and prognostic factors. The study included 224 Kazakh women diagnosed with BC (≤40 age). Entire coding regions (>1700 exons) and the flanking noncoding regions of 94 cancer-associated genes were sequenced from blood DNA using MiSeq platform. We identified 38 unique pathogenic variants (PVs) in 13 different cancer-predisposing genes among 57 patients (25.4%), of which 6 variants were novel. In total, 12 of the 38 distinct PVs were detected recurrently, including BRCA1 c.5266dup, c.5278-2del, and c.2T>C, and BRCA2 c.9409dup and c.9253del that may be founder in this population. BRCA1 carriers were significantly more likely to develop triple-negative BC (OR = 6.61, 95% CI 2.44-17.91, p = 0.0002) and have family history of BC (OR = 3.17, 95% CI 1.14-8.76, p = 0.03) compared to non-carriers. This study allowed the identification of PVs specific to early-onset BC, which may be used as a foundation to develop regional expertise and diagnostic tools for early detection of BC in young Kazakh women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulnur Zhunussova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Nazgul Omarbayeva
- Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Dilyara Kaidarova
- Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Saltanat Abdikerim
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Natalya Mit
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Ilya Kisselev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Kanagat Yergali
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Zhunussova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Aliya Abdrakhmanova
- Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Leyla Djansugurova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keskin Karakoyun H, Yüksel ŞK, Amanoglu I, Naserikhojasteh L, Yeşilyurt A, Yakıcıer C, Timuçin E, Akyerli CB. Evaluation of AlphaFold structure-based protein stability prediction on missense variations in cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1052383. [PMID: 36896237 PMCID: PMC9988940 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1052383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying pathogenic missense variants in hereditary cancer is critical to the efforts of patient surveillance and risk-reduction strategies. For this purpose, many different gene panels consisting of different number and/or set of genes are available and we are particularly interested in a panel of 26 genes with a varying degree of hereditary cancer risk consisting of ABRAXAS1, ATM, BARD1, BLM, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDH1, CHEK2, EPCAM, MEN1, MLH1, MRE11, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, NBN, PALB2, PMS2, PTEN, RAD50, RAD51C, RAD51D, STK11, TP53, and XRCC2. In this study, we have compiled a collection of the missense variations reported in any of these 26 genes. More than a thousand missense variants were collected from ClinVar and the targeted screen of a breast cancer cohort of 355 patients which contributed to this set with 160 novel missense variations. We analyzed the impact of the missense variations on protein stability by five different predictors including both sequence- (SAAF2EC and MUpro) and structure-based (Maestro, mCSM, CUPSAT) predictors. For the structure-based tools, we have utilized the AlphaFold (AF2) protein structures which comprise the first structural analysis of this hereditary cancer proteins. Our results agreed with the recent benchmarks that computed the power of stability predictors in discriminating the pathogenic variants. Overall, we reported a low-to-medium-level performance for the stability predictors in discriminating pathogenic variants, except MUpro which had an AUROC of 0.534 (95% CI [0.499-0.570]). The AUROC values ranged between 0.614-0.719 for the total set and 0.596-0.682 for the set with high AF2 confidence regions. Furthermore, our findings revealed that the confidence score for a given variant in the AF2 structure could alone predict pathogenicity more robustly than any of the tested stability predictors with an AUROC of 0.852. Altogether, this study represents the first structural analysis of the 26 hereditary cancer genes underscoring 1) the thermodynamic stability predicted from AF2 structures as a moderate and 2) the confidence score of AF2 as a strong descriptor for variant pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Keskin Karakoyun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Şirin K Yüksel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ilayda Amanoglu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Lara Naserikhojasteh
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Yeşilyurt
- Acibadem Labgen Genetic Diagnosis Centre, Acibadem Health Group, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cengiz Yakıcıer
- Acibadem Pathology Laboratories, Acibadem Health Group, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Emel Timuçin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cemaliye B Akyerli
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pfledderer CD, Gren LH, Frost CJ, Andrulis IL, Chung WK, Genkinger J, Glendon G, Hopper JL, John EM, Southey M, Terry MB, Daly MB. Women's thoughts on receiving and sharing genetic information: Considerations for genetic counseling. J Genet Couns 2022; 31:1249-1260. [PMID: 35794807 PMCID: PMC10084347 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Indications for genetic testing for inherited cancer syndromes are expanding both in the academic and the community setting. However, only a fraction of individuals who are candidates for testing pursue this option. Therefore, it is important to understand those factors that impact the uptake of genetic testing in individuals affected and unaffected with cancer. A successful translation of genomic risk stratification into clinical care will require that providers of this information are aware of the attitudes, perceived risks and benefits, and concerns of individuals who will be considering testing. The purpose of this study was to assess beliefs, attitudes and preferences for genetic risk information, by personal characteristics of women affected and unaffected by breast cancer enrolled in the Breast Cancer Family Registry Cohort. Data for this analysis came from eight survey questions, which asked participants (N = 9,048, 100% female) about their opinions regarding genetic information. Women reported that conveying the accuracy of the test was important and were interested in information related to personal level of risk, finding out about diseases that could be treated, and information that could be helpful to their families. Young women were most interested in how their own health needs might be impacted by genetic test results, while older women were more interested in how genetic information would benefit other members of the family. Interest in how the genetic test was performed was highest among Asian and Hispanic women. Women affected with breast cancer were more likely to report feeling sad about possibly passing down a breast cancer gene, while unaffected women were more uncertain about their future risk of cancer. The variety of informational needs identified has implications for how genetic counselors can tailor communication to individuals considering genetic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Pfledderer
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa H Gren
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Caren J Frost
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeanine Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Melissa Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary B Daly
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Siegmund SE, Manning DK, Davineni PK, Dong F. Deriving tumor purity from cancer next generation sequencing data: applications for quantitative ERBB2 (HER2) copy number analysis and germline inference of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1458-1467. [PMID: 35902772 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tumor purity, or the relative contribution of tumor cells out of all cells in a pathological specimen, influences mutation identification and clinical interpretation of cancer panel next generation sequencing results. Here, we describe a method of calculating tumor purity using pathologist-guided copy number analysis from sequencing data. Molecular calculation of tumor purity showed strong linear correlation with purity derived from driver KRAS or BRAF variant allele fractions in colorectal cancers (R2 = 0.79) compared to histological estimation in the same set of colorectal cancers (R2 = 0.01) and in a broader dataset of cancers with various diagnoses (R2 = 0.35). We used calculated tumor purity to quantitate ERBB2 copy number in breast carcinomas with equivocal immunohistochemical staining and demonstrated strong correlation with fluorescence in situ hybridization (R2 = 0.88). Finally, we used calculated tumor purity to infer the germline status of variants in breast and ovarian carcinomas with concurrent germline testing. Tumor-only next generation sequencing correctly predicted the somatic versus germline nature of 26 of 26 (100%) pathogenic TP53, BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants. In this article, we describe a framework for calculating tumor purity from cancer next generation sequencing data. Accurate tumor purity assessment can be assimilated into interpretation pipelines to derive clinically useful information from cancer genomic panels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phani K Davineni
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sugiyama A, Hirashima M. Fetal nuchal edema and developmental anomalies caused by gene mutations in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:949013. [PMID: 36111337 PMCID: PMC9468611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.949013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal nuchal edema, a subcutaneous accumulation of extracellular fluid in the fetal neck, is detected as increased nuchal translucency (NT) by ultrasonography in the first trimester of pregnancy. It has been demonstrated that increased NT is associated with chromosomal anomalies and genetic syndromes accompanied with fetal malformations such as defective lymphatic vascular development, cardiac anomalies, anemia, and a wide range of other fetal anomalies. However, in many clinical cases of increased NT, causative genes, pathogenesis and prognosis have not been elucidated in humans. On the other hand, a large number of gene mutations have been reported to induce fetal nuchal edema in mouse models. Here, we review the relationship between the gene mutants causing fetal nuchal edema with defective lymphatic vascular development, cardiac anomalies, anemia and blood vascular endothelial barrier anomalies in mice. Moreover, we discuss how studies using gene mutant mouse models will be useful in developing diagnostic method and predicting prognosis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gould D, Walker R, Makari-Judson G, Seven M. Experiences of individuals with a variant of uncertain significance on genetic testing for hereditary cancer risks: a mixed method systematic review. J Community Genet 2022; 13:371-379. [PMID: 35819584 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-022-00600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of Multi-Gene Panel Testing (MGPT) has led to increased detection of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) among individuals with personal or family history of cancer. However, having a VUS result can impact on emotional and psychological wellbeing and cause challenges for non-geneticist healthcare providers. The purpose of this mixed methods systematic review was to examine what is currently known about the experiences of individuals with a VUS on genetic testing for inherited cancer susceptibility. The initial search was conducted in June 2020 using PUBMED, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsychInfo according to the Joanna Briggs methodology for systematic reviews. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies included in this review identified a range of emotional reactions to a VUS result, a general lack of understanding of a VUS result and its implications, frustration with a lack of healthcare provider knowledge, and a need for clear communication with healthcare providers. This review identified critical gaps in current knowledge to guide genetic counseling praxis, specifically in the knowledge of communication patterns and methods of improving communication with healthcare providers and family members and preferred risk management strategies. This will help to improve the counseling process and the management of care during and after genetic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Walker
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Memnun Seven
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jain NM, Schmalz L, Cann C, Holland A, Osterman T, Lang K, Wiesner GL, Pal T, Lovly C, Stricker T, Micheel C, Balko JM, Johnson DB, Park BH, Iams W. Framework for Implementing and Tracking a Molecular Tumor Board at a National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. Oncologist 2021; 26:e1962-e1970. [PMID: 34390291 PMCID: PMC8571748 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few years, tumor next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels have evolved in complexity and have changed from selected gene panels with a handful of genes to larger panels with hundreds of genes, sometimes in combination with paired germline filtering and/or testing. With this move toward increasingly large NGS panels, we have rapidly outgrown the available literature supporting the utility of treatments targeting many reported gene alterations, making it challenging for oncology providers to interpret NGS results and make a therapy recommendation for their patients. METHODS To support the oncologists at Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC) in interpreting NGS reports for patient care, we initiated two molecular tumor boards (MTBs)-a VICC-specific institutional board for our patients and a global community MTB open to the larger oncology patient population. Core attendees include oncologists, hematologist, molecular pathologists, cancer geneticists, and cancer genetic counselors. Recommendations generated from MTB were documented in a formal report that was uploaded to our electronic health record system. RESULTS As of December 2020, we have discussed over 170 patient cases from 77 unique oncology providers from VICC and its affiliate sites, and a total of 58 international patient cases by 25 unique providers from six different countries across the globe. Breast cancer and lung cancer were the most presented diagnoses. CONCLUSION In this article, we share our learning from the MTB experience and document best practices at our institution. We aim to lay a framework that allows other institutions to recreate MTBs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE With the rapid pace of molecularly driven therapies entering the oncology care spectrum, there is a need to create resources that support timely and accurate interpretation of next-generation sequencing reports to guide treatment decision for patients. Molecular tumor boards (MTB) have been created as a response to this knowledge gap. This report shares implementation strategies and best practices from the Vanderbilt experience of creating an institutional MTB and a virtual global MTB for the larger oncology community. This report describe a reproducible framework that can be adopted to initiate MTBs at other institutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha M. Jain
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Christopher Cann
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Adara Holland
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Travis Osterman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Katie Lang
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Georgia L. Wiesner
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Tuya Pal
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Christine Lovly
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Thomas Stricker
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Christine Micheel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Justin M. Balko
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Douglas B. Johnson
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Ben Ho Park
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Wade Iams
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| |
Collapse
|