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Bueno Marinho G, Bertoldi Franco J, Tenório JR, Silva Andrade N, Zerbinati RM, Medina JB, Pérez-Sayáns M, Braz-Silva PH, Ortega KL. Prevalence of human herpesvirus in plasma and saliva of cirrhotic patients: A pilot study. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024; 44:1476-1484. [PMID: 38733129 DOI: 10.1111/scd.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to identify the presence of human herpesvirus (HHV) in the plasma and saliva of hepatic-cirrhosis patients and correlate it with clinical data and laboratory tests. This is a pilot, observational, and cross-sectional study. METHODS AND RESULTS Specimens of plasma and saliva from 72 cirrhotic individuals were analyzed by means of polymerase chain reaction. The patient population had a mean age of 54.84 years old (SD ± 10) and was 70% males (51/72). Approximately 47% (n = 34) of the patients had leukopenia and HHV was not identified in the plasma specimens. The main species of HHV identified in the saliva were HHV-7 (n = 42, 62%) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (n = 30, 41%). Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the total number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in saliva containing EBV (P = .038 and P = .047, respectively). CONCLUSION The results show that the presence of EBV in the saliva of cirrhotic patients was correlated with their circulating immune status. It may be possible that the immune dysfunction displayed by the cirrhotic patients plays a role in the shedding of EBV into saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Bueno Marinho
- Special Care Dentistry Centre (CAPE), Department of Stomatology of the University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bertoldi Franco
- Division of Dentistry of the Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson R Tenório
- Special Care Dentistry Centre (CAPE), Department of Stomatology of the University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Oral Diagnosis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália Silva Andrade
- Special Care Dentistry Centre (CAPE), Department of Stomatology of the University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Melim Zerbinati
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaína B Medina
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, MedOralRes Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mário Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, MedOralRes Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karem L Ortega
- Special Care Dentistry Centre (CAPE), Department of Stomatology of the University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, MedOralRes Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Banks JM, Capistrano KJ, Brandini DA, Zaidi F, Thakkar P, Rahat R, Schwartz J, Naqvi AR. Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases. Pathogens 2024; 13:58. [PMID: 38251365 PMCID: PMC10819702 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a niche for diverse microbes, including viruses. Members of the Herpesviridae family, comprised of dsDNA viruses, as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an ssRNA virus, are among the most prevalent viruses infecting the oral cavity, and they exhibit clinical manifestations unique to oral tissues. Viral infection of oral mucosal epithelia triggers an immune response that results in prolonged inflammation. The clinical and systemic disease manifestations of HHV have been researched extensively, and several recent studies have illuminated the relationship between HHV and oral inflammatory diseases. Burgeoning evidence suggests the oral manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection includes xerostomia, dysgeusia, periodontal disease, mucositis, and opportunistic viral and bacterial infections, collectively described as oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). These diverse sequelae could be a result of intensified immune responses initially due to the copious production of proinflammatory cytokines: the so-called "cytokine storm syndrome", facilitating widespread oral and non-oral tissue damage. This review explores the interplay between HHV, SARS-CoV-2, and oral inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis, endodontic disease, and peri-implantitis. Additionally, the review discusses proper diagnostic techniques for identifying viral infection and how viral diagnostics can lead to improved overall patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Banks
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Kristelle J. Capistrano
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Daniela A. Brandini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil;
| | - Filza Zaidi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Pari Thakkar
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Rani Rahat
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Afsar R. Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Sarmento DJDS, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, de Souza ACMF, Maciel R, Paiao H, Lima SH, Cristelli M, Pestana JOMDA, Braz-Silva PH, Gallottini M. Herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia in renal transplant recipients: A longitudinal study. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 22:e13330. [PMID: 32418331 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to assess the oral shedding and viremia of human herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients. METHODS This is a cohort study in which the participants were examined in three different periods: the first within 24 hours before renal transplantation and the second and third ones 15-20 and 45-60 days after the transplantation. Mouthwash and blood samples were collected in each period and then submitted to screening for the presence of eight types of human herpesviruses by using multiplex PCR. RESULTS HSV-1 and EBV were more frequent in the saliva after renal transplantation, 15- to 20-day period after the transplant. EBV was found in the saliva of 26 (35.6%) patients before renal transplantation and in 56.2% and 46.6% of them, in the 15- to 20-day and 45- to 60-day periods after the transplant, respectively. High detection rates (75.3%-78.1%) were found for HHV-7 despite the lack of significant variations between the study periods. There was no concordance between herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia. CONCLUSION We concluded that the pattern of excretion of HSV-1 and EBV in saliva is changed immediately after renal transplantation, increasing in the 15- to 20-day period after the transplant surgery. No concordance between herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tânia Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Maciel
- Division of Renal Transplantation, Social Institute of Healthcare, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Heuder Paiao
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Cristelli
- Division of Renal Transplantation, Kidney and Hypertension Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Gallottini
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Miranda-Silva W, Knebel FH, Tozetto-Mendozo TR, Palmieri M, da Fonseca FP, Camargo AA, Braz-Silva PH, Fregnani ER. Herpesviruses in the oral cavity of patients subjected to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and its relationship with oral mucositis. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3597-3608. [PMID: 32036434 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to characterise oral shedding of herpesviruses in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and to investigate its relationship with oral mucositis (OM). MATERIALS AND METHODS PCR and enzymatic digestion were conducted to identify oral shedding of herpesviruses and its correlation with OM development in 31 patients. The samples were collected at three sites in the oral cavity and at 5 times during follow-up; two additional collections were made from patients who developed ulcerative OM. RESULTS HSV-1, EBV, CMV, HHV-6A, HHV-6B, and HHV-7 were detected in 4.97%, 16.02%, 4.41%, 2.20%, 3.31%, and 68% of the oral mucosal samples, respectively; 4.41%, 16.57%, 5.52%, 2.20%, 5.52%, and 63.53% of supragingival samples, respectively, and 4.41%, 18.23%, 2.76%, 1.65%, 2.75%, and 35.91% of subgingival samples, respectively. OM was diagnosed in 13 patients. The presence of HHV-7 in C1 (oral mucosa: p = 0.032) and C2 (supragingival: p = 0.009; subgingival: p = 0.002) was significantly increased in patients who developed OM, and patients exhibiting HHV-7 shedding in the oral cavity were 3.32-fold more likely to develop OM. CONCLUSIONS Patients who developed OM showed higher HHV-7 shedding in the oral cavity at nadir (immediately prior to OM development), suggesting modifications to the inflammatory microenvironment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE HHV-7 may be involved in oral dysbiosis in HSCT-related OM; enhanced understanding of its role in the pathogenesis of OM may lead to the development of strategies for managing and preventing this common side effect of alloHSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Miranda-Silva
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital Sírio Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 91-Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michelle Palmieri
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva da Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rodrigues Fregnani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital Sírio Libanês, Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 91-Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Pascual T, Solano C, Torres I, Talaya A, Giménez E, Vinuesa V, Piñana JL, Hernández-Boluda JC, Pérez A, Navarro D. Monitoring of oral cytomegalovirus DNA shedding for the prediction of viral DNAemia in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1375-1382. [PMID: 29663435 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Preemptive antiviral therapy based on detecting cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia above a preestablished threshold is the mainstay strategy for the prevention of CMV disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients; nevertheless, CMV DNAemia, even at low levels, may increase mortality. We investigated whether surveillance of saliva for the presence of CMV DNA may anticipate the occurrence of CMV DNAemia. This was a prospective observational study with 53 consecutively enrolled allo-HSCT recipients. Saliva and plasma specimens were collected on a weekly basis from Day 0 to Day 100 after transplantation. CMV DNA was quantified in both specimen types using the Abbott Real-Time PCR assay (Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, IL). CMV DNA was quantifiable in 44 (83%) patients: either in saliva (n = 1) or plasma (n = 12) only, or in both specimen types (n = 31). CMV oral shedding preceded the occurrence of CMV DNAemia in eight patients (18.2%), while the opposite pattern was observed in 21 patients (47.7%). The CMV DNA loads quantified in saliva and plasma correlated modestly (P = 0.33; P = 0.013) and did not differ in magnitude (P = 0.527). No transplantation factors, other than recipient CMV seropositivity, were associated with oral CMV DNA shedding; serum CMV IgG levels were comparable, regardless of the timing of the detection of CMV DNA at both sites. In summary, screening of saliva specimens for the presence of CMV DNA appear to be of limited value for anticipating the occurrence of CMV DNAemia in allo-HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Pascual
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Institute for Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Solano
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Institute for Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Institute for Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Talaya
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Institute for Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Institute for Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Vinuesa
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Institute for Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - José L Piñana
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Institute for Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan C Hernández-Boluda
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Institute for Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ariadna Pérez
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Institute for Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Institute for Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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