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Bi S, Ao J, Jiang T, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Yang W, Zheng B, Ji M. Imaging Metabolic Flow of Water in Plants with Isotope-Traced Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2407543. [PMID: 39301930 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202407543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Water plays a vital role in the life cycle of plants, participating in various critical biochemical reactions during both non-photosynthetic and photosynthetic processes. Direct visualization of the metabolic activities of water in plants with high spatiotemporal resolution is essential to reveal the functional utilization of water. Here, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is applied to monitor the metabolic processes of deuterated water (D2O) in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). The work shows that in plants uptaking D2O/water solution, proton-transfer from water to organic metabolites results in the formation of C-D bonds in newly synthesized biomolecules (lipid, protein, and polysaccharides, etc.) that allow high-resolution detection with SRS. Reversible metabolic pathways of oil-starch conversion between seed germination and seed development processes are verified. Spatial heterogeneity of metabolic activities along the vertical axis of plants (root, stem, and tip meristem), as well as the radial distributions of secondary growth on the horizontal cross-sections are quantified. Furthermore, metabolic flow of protons from plants to animals is visualized in aphids feeding on A. thaliana. Collectively, SRS microscopy has potential to trace a broad range of matter flows in plants, such as carbon storage and nutrition metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Human Phenome Institute, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianpeng Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Human Phenome Institute, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xianmiao Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weibing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Binglian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Minbiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Human Phenome Institute, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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da Fonseca-Pereira P, Monteiro-Batista RDC, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. Harnessing enzyme cofactors and plant metabolism: an essential partnership. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1014-1036. [PMID: 36861364 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cofactors are fundamental to the catalytic activity of enzymes. Additionally, because plants are a critical source of several cofactors (i.e., including their vitamin precursors) within the context of human nutrition, there have been several studies aiming to understand the metabolism of coenzymes and vitamins in plants in detail. For example, compelling evidence has been brought forth regarding the role of cofactors in plants; specifically, it is becoming increasingly clear that an adequate supply of cofactors in plants directly affects their development, metabolism, and stress responses. Here, we review the state-of-the-art knowledge on the significance of coenzymes and their precursors with regard to general plant physiology and discuss the emerging functions attributed to them. Furthermore, we discuss how our understanding of the complex relationship between cofactors and plant metabolism can be used for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Monteiro-Batista
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Gago J, Nadal M, Clemente-Moreno MJ, Figueroa CM, Medeiros DB, Cubo-Ribas N, Cavieres LA, Gulías J, Fernie AR, Flexas J, Bravo LA. Nutrient availability regulates Deschampsia antarctica photosynthetic and stress tolerance performance in Antarctica. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2620-2637. [PMID: 36880307 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Deschampsia antarctica is one of the only two native vascular plants in Antarctica, mostly located in the ice-free areas of the Peninsula's coast and adjacent islands. This region is characterized by a short growing season, frequent extreme climatic events, and soils with reduced nutrient availability. However, it is unknown whether its photosynthetic and stress tolerance mechanisms are affected by the availability of nutrients to deal with this particular environment. We studied the photosynthetic, primary metabolic, and stress tolerance performance of D. antarctica plants growing on three close sites (<500 m) with contrasting soil nutrient conditions. Plants from all sites showed similar photosynthetic rates, but mesophyll conductance and photobiochemistry were more limiting (~25%) in plants growing on low-nutrient availability soils. Additionally, these plants showed higher stress levels and larger investments in photoprotection and carbon pools, most probably driven by the need to stabilize proteins and membranes, and remodel cell walls. In contrast, when nutrients were readily available, plants shifted their carbon investment towards amino acids related to osmoprotection, growth, antioxidants, and polyamines, leading to vigorous plants without appreciable levels of stress. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that D. antarctica displays differential physiological performances to cope with adverse conditions depending on resource availability, allowing it to maximize stress tolerance without jeopardizing photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Nadal
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José Clemente-Moreno
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Carlos María Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Golm, Germany
| | - Neus Cubo-Ribas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Lohengrin Alexis Cavieres
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción and Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Concepción, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus. Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Javier Gulías
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Alisdair Robert Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Golm, Germany
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - León Aloys Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Dpt. de Cs. Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Cs. Agropecuarias y Forestales, Instituto de Agroindustria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Plant proteostasis: a proven and promising target for crop improvement. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:75-85. [PMID: 35929615 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Green Revolution of the 1960s accomplished dramatic increases in crop yields through genetic improvement, chemical fertilisers, irrigation, and mechanisation. However, the current trajectory of population growth, against a backdrop of climate change and geopolitical unrest, predicts that agricultural production will be insufficient to ensure global food security in the next three decades. Improvements to crops that go beyond incremental gains are urgently needed. Plant biology has also undergone a revolution in recent years, through the development and application of powerful technologies including genome sequencing, a pantheon of 'omics techniques, precise genome editing, and step changes in structural biology and microscopy. Proteostasis - the collective processes that control the protein complement of the cell, comprising synthesis, modification, localisation, and degradation - is a field that has benefitted from these advances. This special issue presents a selection of the latest research in this vibrant field, with a particular focus on protein degradation. In the current article, we highlight the diverse and widespread contributions of plant proteostasis to agronomic traits, suggest opportunities and strategies to manipulate different elements of proteostatic mechanisms for crop improvement, and discuss the challenges involved in bringing these ideas into practice.
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The molecular basis of cereal grain proteostasis. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:243-253. [PMID: 35818971 PMCID: PMC9400069 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Storage proteins deposited in the endosperm of cereal grains are both a nitrogen reserve for seed germination and seedling growth and a primary protein source for human nutrition. Detailed surveys of the patterns of storage protein accumulation in cereal grains during grain development have been undertaken, but an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate these patterns is still lacking. Accumulation of storage proteins in cereal grains involves a series of subcellular compartments, a set of energy-dependent events that compete with other cellular processes, and a balance of protein synthesis and protein degradation rates at different times during the developmental process. In this review, we focus on the importance of rates in cereal grain storage protein accumulation during grain development and outline the potential implications and applications of this information to accelerate modern agriculture breeding programmes and optimize energy use efficiency in proteostasis.
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Verhage L. Isotope labeling to measure protein synthesis rates throughout the diurnal cycle - the technique explained. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:743-744. [PMID: 35188316 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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