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Jia T, Wang H, Cui S, Li Z, Shen Y, Li H, Xiao G. Cotton BLH1 and KNOX6 antagonistically modulate fiber elongation via regulation of linolenic acid biosynthesis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100887. [PMID: 38532644 PMCID: PMC11287173 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN (BLH) proteins are known to function in various plant developmental processes. However, the role of BLHs in regulating plant cell elongation is still unknown. Here, we identify a BLH gene, GhBLH1, that positively regulates fiber cell elongation. Combined transcriptomic and biochemical analyses reveal that GhBLH1 enhances linolenic acid accumulation to promote cotton fiber cell elongation by activating the transcription of GhFAD7A-1 via binding of the POX domain of GhBLH1 to the TGGA cis-element in the GhFAD7A-1 promoter. Knockout of GhFAD7A-1 in cotton significantly reduces fiber length, whereas overexpression of GhFAD7A-1 results in longer fibers. The K2 domain of GhKNOX6 directly interacts with the POX domain of GhBLH1 to form a functional heterodimer, which interferes with the transcriptional activation of GhFAD7A-1 via the POX domain of GhBLH1. Overexpression of GhKNOX6 leads to a significant reduction in cotton fiber length, whereas knockout of GhKNOX6 results in longer cotton fibers. An examination of the hybrid progeny of GhBLH1 and GhKNOX6 transgenic cotton lines provides evidence that GhKNOX6 negatively regulates GhBLH1-mediated cotton fiber elongation. Our results show that the interplay between GhBLH1 and GhKNOX6 modulates regulation of linolenic acid synthesis and thus contributes to plant cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Shiyan Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Yongcui Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Guanghui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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2
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Xu S, Wei X, Yang Q, Hu D, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Kang F, Wu Z, Yan Z, Luo X, Sun Y, Wang S, Feng Y, Xu Q, Zhang M, Yang Y. A KNOX Ⅱ transcription factor suppresses the NLR immune receptor BRG8-mediated immunity in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:101001. [PMID: 38863209 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are activated by detecting pathogen effectors, which in turn trigger host defenses and cell death. Although many NLRs have been identified, the mechanisms responsible for NLR-triggered defense responses are still poorly understood. In this study, through a genome-wide association study approach, we identified a novel NLR gene, Blast Resistance Gene 8 (BRG8), which confers resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight diseases. BRG8 overexpression and complementation lines exhibit enhanced resistance to both pathogens. Subcellular localization assays showed that BRG8 is localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Additional evidence revealed that nuclear-localized BRG8 can enhance rice immunity without a hypersensitive response (HR)-like phenotype. We also demonstrated that the coiled-coil domain of BRG8 not only physically interacts with itself but also interacts with the KNOX Ⅱ protein HOMEOBOX ORYZA SATIVA59 (HOS59). Knockout mutants of HOS59 in the BRG8 background show enhanced resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae strain CH171 and Xoo strain CR4, similar to that of the BRG8 background. By contrast, overexpression of HOS59 in the BRG8 background will compromise the HR-like phenotype and resistance response. Further analysis revealed that HOS59 promotes the degradation of BRG8 via the 26S proteasome pathway. Collectively, our study highlights HOS59 as an NLR immune regulator that fine-tunes BRG8-mediated immune responses against pathogens, providing new insights into NLR associations and functions in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Xu
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xinghua Wei
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Qinqin Yang
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dongxiu Hu
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaoping Yuan
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fengyu Kang
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhaozhong Wu
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhiqin Yan
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xueqin Luo
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shan Wang
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yue Feng
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qun Xu
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
| | - Yaolong Yang
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
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3
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Jia LC, Yang ZT, Shang LL, He SZ, Zhang H, Li X, Xin GS. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the KNOX family and its diverse roles in response to growth and abiotic tolerance in sweet potato and its two diploid relatives. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:572. [PMID: 38844832 PMCID: PMC11157901 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
KNOXs, a type of homeobox genes that encode atypical homeobox proteins, play an essential role in the regulation of growth and development, hormonal response, and abiotic stress in plants. However, the KNOX gene family has not been explored in sweet potato. In this study, through sequence alignment, genomic structure analysis, and phylogenetic characterization, 17, 12 and 11 KNOXs in sweet potato (I. batatas, 2n = 6x = 90) and its two diploid relatives I. trifida (2n = 2x = 30) and I. triloba (2n = 2x = 30) were identified. The protein physicochemical properties, chromosome localization, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, protein interaction network, cis-elements of promoters, tissue-specific expression and expression patterns under hormone treatment and abiotic stresses of these 40 KNOX genes were systematically studied. IbKNOX4, -5, and - 6 were highly expressed in the leaves of the high-yield varieties Longshu9 and Xushu18. IbKNOX3 and IbKNOX8 in Class I were upregulated in initial storage roots compared to fibrous roots. IbKNOXs in Class M were specifically expressed in the stem tip and hardly expressed in other tissues. Moreover, IbKNOX2 and - 6, and their homologous genes were induced by PEG/mannitol and NaCl treatments. The results showed that KNOXs were involved in regulating growth and development, hormone crosstalk and abiotic stress responses between sweet potato and its two diploid relatives. This study provides a comparison of these KNOX genes in sweet potato and its two diploid relatives and a theoretical basis for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cong Jia
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, 265500, China
| | - Zi-Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li-Li Shang
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, 265500, China
| | - Shao-Zhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572025, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572025, China.
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan, 572025, China.
| | - Guo-Sheng Xin
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, 265500, China.
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Jiao Y, Tan J, Guo H, Huang B, Ying Y, Ramakrishnan M, Zhang Z. Genome-wide analysis of the KNOX gene family in Moso bamboo: insights into their role in promoting the rapid shoot growth. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:213. [PMID: 38528453 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) genes, plant-specific homologous box transcription factors (TFs), play a central role in regulating plant growth, development, organ formation, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, a comprehensive genome-wide identification of the KNOX genes in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), the fastest growing plant, has not yet been conducted, and the specific biological functions of this family remain unknown. RESULTS The expression profiles of 24 KNOX genes, divided into two subfamilies, were determined by integrating Moso bamboo genome and its transcriptional data. The KNOX gene promoters were found to contain several light and stress-related cis-acting elements. Synteny analysis revealed stronger similarity with rice KNOX genes than with Arabidopsis KNOX genes. Additionally, several conserved structural domains and motifs were identified in the KNOX proteins. The expansion of the KNOX gene family was primarily regulated by tandem duplications. Furthermore, the KNOX genes were responsive to naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and gibberellin (GA) hormones, exhibiting distinct temporal expression patterns in four different organs of Moso bamboo. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays demonstrated that PeKNOX genes may play a role in promoting rapid shoot growth. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network enrichment analyses revealed several functional annotations for PeKNOXs. By regulating downstream target genes, PeKNOXs are involved in the synthesis of AUX /IAA, ultimately affecting cell division and elongation. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we identified and characterized a total of 24 KNOX genes in Moso bamboo and investigated their physiological properties and conserved structural domains. To understand their functional roles, we conducted an analysis of gene expression profiles using STEM and RNA-seq data. This analysis successfully revealed regulatory networks of the KNOX genes, involving both upstream and downstream genes. Furthermore, the KNOX genes are involved in the AUX/IAA metabolic pathway, which accelerates shoot growth by influencing downstream target genes. These results provide a theoretical foundation for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the rapid growth and establish the groundwork for future research into the functions and transcriptional regulatory networks of the KNOX gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yeqing Ying
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Li Y, Zhao L, Guo C, Tang M, Lian W, Chen S, Pan Y, Xu X, Luo C, Yi Y, Cui Y, Chen L. OsNAC103, an NAC transcription factor negatively regulates plant height in rice. PLANTA 2024; 259:35. [PMID: 38193994 PMCID: PMC10776745 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION OsNAC103 negatively regulates rice plant height by influencing the cell cycle and crosstalk of phytohormones. Plant height is an important characteristic of rice farming and is directly related to agricultural yield. Although there has been great progress in research on plant growth regulation, numerous genes remain to be elucidated. NAC transcription factors are widespread in plants and have a vital function in plant growth. Here, we observed that the overexpression of OsNAC103 resulted in a dwarf phenotype, whereas RNA interference (RNAi) plants and osnac103 mutants showed no significant difference. Further investigation revealed that the cell length did not change, indicating that the dwarfing of plants was caused by a decrease in cell number due to cell cycle arrest. The content of the bioactive cytokinin N6-Δ2-isopentenyladenine (iP) decreased as a result of the cytokinin synthesis gene being downregulated and the enhanced degradation of cytokinin oxidase. OsNAC103 overexpression also inhibited cell cycle progression and regulated the activity of the cell cyclin OsCYCP2;1 to arrest the cell cycle. We propose that OsNAC103 may further influence rice development and gibberellin-cytokinin crosstalk by regulating the Oryza sativa homeobox 71 (OSH71). Collectively, these results offer novel perspectives on the role of OsNAC103 in controlling plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chiming Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, 361006, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wenli Lian
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuehan Pan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiaorong Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chengke Luo
- Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yuchao Cui
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Jia P, Wang Y, Sharif R, Dong QL, Liu Y, Luan HA, Zhang XM, Guo SP, Qi GH. KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factors - Hubs in a plethora of networks: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126878. [PMID: 37703987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
KNOX (KNOTTED1-like HOMEOBOX) belongs to a class of important homeobox genes, which encode the homeodomain proteins binding to the specific element of target genes, and widely participate in plant development. Advancements in genetics and molecular biology research generate a large amount of information about KNOX genes in model and non-model plants, and their functions in different developmental backgrounds are gradually becoming clear. In this review, we summarize the known and presumed functions of the KNOX gene in plants, focusing on horticultural plants and crops. The classification and structural characteristics, expression characteristics and regulation, interacting protein factors, functions, and mechanisms of KNOX genes are systematically described. Further, the current research gaps and perspectives were discussed. These comprehensive data can provide a reference for the directional improvement of agronomic traits through KNOX gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qing-Long Dong
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hao-An Luan
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Sup-Ping Guo
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Guo-Hui Qi
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
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7
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Gasparis S, Miłoszewski MM. Genetic Basis of Grain Size and Weight in Rice, Wheat, and Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16921. [PMID: 38069243 PMCID: PMC10706642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain size is a key component of grain yield in cereals. It is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Grain size is determined via several factors in different plant development stages, beginning with early tillering, spikelet formation, and assimilates accumulation during the pre-anthesis phase, up to grain filling and maturation. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms that control grain size is a prerequisite for improving grain yield potential. The last decade has brought significant progress in genomic studies of grain size control. Several genes underlying grain size and weight were identified and characterized in rice, which is a model plant for cereal crops. A molecular function analysis revealed most genes are involved in different cell signaling pathways, including phytohormone signaling, transcriptional regulation, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and other physiological processes. Compared to rice, the genetic background of grain size in other important cereal crops, such as wheat and barley, remains largely unexplored. However, the high level of conservation of genomic structure and sequences between closely related cereal crops should facilitate the identification of functional orthologs in other species. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and molecular bases of grain size and weight in wheat, barley, and rice, focusing on the latest discoveries in the field. We also present possibly the most updated list of experimentally validated genes that have a strong effect on grain size and discuss their molecular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gasparis
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute in Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
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8
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Li Y, Xiong H, Guo H, Zhao L, Xie Y, Gu J, Zhao S, Ding Y, Li H, Zhou C, Fu M, Wang Q, Liu L. Genome-wide characterization of two homeobox families identifies key genes associated with grain-related traits in wheat. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111862. [PMID: 37716191 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Homeodomain proteins encoded by BEL1- and KNAT1-type genes are ubiquitously distributed across plant species and play important roles in growth and development, whereby a comprehensive investigation of their molecular interactions and potential functions in wheat is of great significance. In this study, we systematically investigated the phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved domains, and cis-acting elements of 34 TaBEL and 34 TaKNAT genes in the wheat genome. Our analysis revealed these genes evolved under different selective pressures and showed variable transcript levels in different wheat tissues. Subcellular localization analysis further indicated the proteins encoded by these genes were either exclusively located in the nucleus or both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Additionally, a comprehensive protein-protein interaction network was constructed with representative genes in which each TaBEL or TaKNAT proteins interact with at least two partners. The evaluation of wheat mutants identified key genes, including TaBEL-5B, TaBEL-4A.4, and TaKNAT6, which are involved in grain-related traits. Finally, haplotype analysis suggests TaKNAT-6B is associated with grain-related traits and is preferentially selected among a large set of wheat accessions. Our study provides important information on BEL1- and KNAT1-type gene families in wheat, and lays the foundation for functional research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongchun Xiong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Linshu Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongdun Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shirong Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuping Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunyun Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meiyu Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Luxiang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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9
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Wang X, Zhang J, Chai M, Han L, Cao X, Zhang J, Kong Y, Fu C, Wang ZY, Mysore KS, Wen J, Zhou C. The role of Class Ⅱ KNOX family in controlling compound leaf patterning in Medicago truncatula. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2279-2291. [PMID: 37526388 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Compound leaf development requires the coordination of genetic factors, hormones, and other signals. In this study, we explored the functions of Class Ⅱ KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOXII) genes in the model leguminous plant Medicago truncatula. Phenotypic and genetic analyses suggest that MtKNOX4, 5 are able to repress leaflet formation, while MtKNOX3, 9, 10 are not involved in this developmental process. Further investigations have shown that MtKNOX4 represses the CK signal transduction, which is downstream of MtKNOXⅠ-mediated CK biosynthesis. Additionally, two boundary genes, FUSED COMPOUND LEAF1 (orthologue of Arabidopsis Class M KNOX) and NO APICAL MERISTEM (orthologue of Arabidopsis CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON), are necessary for MtKNOX4-mediated compound leaf formation. These findings suggest, that among the members of MtKNOXⅡ, MtKNOX4 plays a crucial role in integrating the CK pathway and boundary regulators, providing new insights into the roles of MtKNOXⅡ in regulating the elaboration of compound leaves in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yiming Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, 73401, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, 73401, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chuanen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Hong Y, Zhang M, Xu R. Genetic Localization and Homologous Genes Mining for Barley Grain Size. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054932. [PMID: 36902360 PMCID: PMC10003025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain size is an important agronomic trait determining barley yield and quality. An increasing number of QTLs (quantitative trait loci) for grain size have been reported due to the improvement in genome sequencing and mapping. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning barley grain size is vital for producing elite cultivars and accelerating breeding processes. In this review, we summarize the achievements in the molecular mapping of barley grain size over the past two decades, highlighting the results of QTL linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies. We discuss the QTL hotspots and predict candidate genes in detail. Moreover, reported homologs that determine the seed size clustered into several signaling pathways in model plants are also listed, providing the theoretical basis for mining genetic resources and regulatory networks of barley grain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rugen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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