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Wang Y, Wang Q, Zhang F, Han C, Li W, Ren M, Wang Y, Qi K, Xie Z, Zhang S, Tao S. PbARF19-mediated auxin signaling regulates lignification in pear fruit stone cells. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112103. [PMID: 38657909 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The stone cells in pear fruits cause rough flesh and low juice, seriously affecting the taste. Lignin has been demonstrated as the main component of stone cells. Auxin, one of the most important plant hormone, regulates most physiological processes in plants including lignification. However, the concentration effect and regulators of auxin on pear fruits stone cell formation remains unclear. Here, endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and stone cells were found to be co-localized in lignified cells by immunofluorescence localization analysis. The exogenous treatment of different concentrations of IAA demonstrated that the application of 200 µM IAA significantly reduced stone cell content, while concentrations greater than 500 µM significantly increased stone cell content. Besides, 31 auxin response factors (ARFs) were identified in pear genome. Putative ARFs were predicted as critical regulators involved in the lignification of pear flesh cells by phylogenetic relationship and expression analysis. Furthermore, the negative regulation of PbARF19 on stone cell formation in pear fruit was demonstrated by overexpression in pear fruitlets and Arabidopsis. These results illustrated that the PbARF19-mediated auxin signal plays a critical role in the lignification of pear stone cell by regulating lignin biosynthetic genes. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for improving fruit quality in pear production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wang
- Sanya Institute, College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Sanya Institute, College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fanhang Zhang
- Sanya Institute, College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- Sanya Institute, College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Li
- Sanya Institute, College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mei Ren
- Sanya Institute, College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yueyang Wang
- Sanya Institute, College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- Sanya Institute, College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- Sanya Institute, College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Sanya Institute, College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shutian Tao
- Sanya Institute, College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Guo Y, Zhao W, He Y, Li A, Feng Q, Tian L. Research on the pharmacognostic characteristics, physicochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant potency of Rosa laxa Retz. flos. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38856633 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Rosa laxa Retz. is an unexplored Rosaceae plant in Xinjiang, China, and its flower is traditionally used in Kazak to treat the common cold, fever, and epileptic seizures and lessen the effects of aging. In the present study, the pharmacognostic profiles, physicochemical properties, phytochemical characteristics, and in vitro antioxidant potency of Rosa laxa Retz. flos (RLF) were presented. In the pharmacognostic evaluation of RLF, organoleptic characteristics, internal structures, and powder information were observed, and physicochemical parameters, including moisture content, ash, pH value, swelling degree, and extractives were examined. The quantitative analysis of the chemical composition of four different polar extracts of RLF showed that the aqueous part had the highest total triterpene acid, flavonoid, and polyphenol content (4.50 ± 0.04 mg/g, 50.56 ± 0.03 mg/g, and 60.20 ± 0.09 mg/g, respectively). A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD) method was established and the contents of gallic acid, ellagic acid, astragalin, and tiliroside in RLF were determined simultaneously. In the set concentration range, the linear relationship among the four components was good (r > 0.999), the average recoveries were 97.36%-100.54%. The contents of gallic acid, ellagic acid, astragalin, and tiliroside in RLF samples were (9.46 ± 2.31) mg/g, (10.60 ±0.75) mg/g, (1.13 ± 2.50) mg/g, and (1.11 ± 2.65) mg/g, respectively. The types of its secondary metabolites were determined by fluorescence, color reaction by chemical solvent method, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The functional groups of its secondary metabolites were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results showed that RLF contains a variety of secondary metabolic products, including flavonoids, phenolic acid, glycoside, and organic acid. TLC identification showed it contains ursolic acid, β-sitosterol, tiliroside, astragalin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. The in vitro antioxidant activity of different polar parts of RLF was investigated by DPPH, ABTS, and reduction performance experiments. The aqueous extract had the strongest antioxidant capacity, consistent with the high content of triterpene acids, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds. These findings will provide critical information for the study of quality standards and medicinal value of RLF and its extracts, justify its usage in traditional medicinal systems, and encourage the use of this plant in disease prevention and treatment. Its phytochemical composition and pharmacological studies need to be explored in future. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe the morphology, and microstructure of Rosa laxa Retz. flos (RLF). The physicochemical properties, fluorescence and phytochemical composition of four different polar extracts of RLF were analyzed by UV-Vis and FTIR. Determination of total triterpenic acid, total flavonoids, and total polyphenols in four different polar extracts of RLF by UV spectrophotometry. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD) method was established and the contents of gallic acid, ellagic acid, astragalin, and tiliroside in RLF were determined simultaneously. TLC confirmed that RLF contains ursolic acid, β-sitosterol, tiliroside, astragalin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. The in vitro antioxidant activity of RLF was studied by DPPH, ABTS, and reducing ability experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuan He
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Anling Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qianqian Feng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Famous Prescription and Science of Formulas, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Gu C, Pei MS, Guo ZH, Wu L, Qi KJ, Wang XP, Liu H, Liu Z, Lang Z, Zhang S. Multi-omics provide insights into the regulation of DNA methylation in pear fruit metabolism. Genome Biol 2024; 25:70. [PMID: 38486226 PMCID: PMC10938805 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has been conducted on fruit development in crops, but the metabolic regulatory networks underlying perennial fruit trees remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the metabolome, proteome, transcriptome, DNA methylome, and small RNAome profiles of pear fruit flesh at 11 developing stages, spanning from fruitlet to ripening. Here, we systematically investigate the metabolic landscape and regulatory network involved. RESULTS We generate an association database consisting of 439 metabolites and 14,399 genes to elucidate the gene regulatory network of pear flesh metabolism. Interestingly, we detect increased DNA methylation in the promoters of most genes within the database during pear flesh development. Application of a DNA methylation inhibitor to the developing fruit represses chlorophyll degradation in the pericarp and promotes xanthophyll, β-carotene, and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in the flesh. We find the gradual increase in ABA production during pear flesh development is correlated with the expression of several carotenoid pathway genes and multiple transcription factors. Of these transcription factors, the zinc finger protein PbZFP1 is identified as a positive mediator of ABA biosynthesis in pear flesh. Most ABA pathway genes and transcription factors are modified by DNA methylation in the promoters, although some are induced by the DNA methylation inhibitor. These results suggest that DNA methylation inhibits ABA accumulation, which may delay fruit ripening. CONCLUSION Our findings provide insights into epigenetic regulation of metabolic regulatory networks during pear flesh development, particularly with regard to DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mao-Song Pei
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai-Jie Qi
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xue-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhaobo Lang
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Oliveira DM. MYB24 in control: Transcriptional activation of lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in pear fruit stone cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:321-323. [PMID: 37061831 PMCID: PMC10762501 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dyoni M Oliveira
- Assistant Features Editor, Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Li W, Yuan K, Ren M, Xie Z, Qi K, Gong X, Wang Q, Zhang S, Tao S. PbPDCB16-mediated callose deposition affects the plasmodesmata blockage and reduces lignification in pear fruit. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 337:111876. [PMID: 37748584 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Stone cell, a type of lignified cell, is a unique trait in pear and one of the key factors affects pear fruit quality and economic value. The transmissibility of cell lignification process has been proven to exist, however the effects of callose on the permeability of plasmodesmata (PD) and how to influence cell lignification processes are still unknown. In this study, the genome-wide analysis of PD callose binding proteins (PDCB) gene family in pear genome was performed, and 25 PbPDCB genes were identified and divided into four branches. Similar intron/exon structural patterns were observed in the same branch, strongly supporting their close evolutionary relationship. The expression of PbPDCB16 was negatively correlated with lignin accumulation through qRT-PCR analysis. With transient expression in pear fruit and stable expression in pear calli, the increased callose content accompanied by decreased lignin content was further observed. Besides, compared with wild type Arabidopsis, the transgenic plants grew slowly, and cell walls in the stem were thinner, while fewer PDs were observed on the cell walls, and the interspore filaments were also blocked in transgenic Arabidopsis through the transmission electron microscope (TEM). In summary, overexpression of PbPDCB16 could promote accumulation of callose at PD to affect the PD-mediated intercellular connectivity, and inhibit the intercellular communication. This study will provide new insight in reducing the lignin content through callose deposition, and also provide the theoretical basis for further exploration of lignin metabolism and cell wall lignification to form stone cells in pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaili Yuan
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mei Ren
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Gong
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Shutian Tao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China.
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Cao Y, Chen Y, Zhang L, Cai Y. Two monolignoid biosynthetic genes 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and p-coumaric acid 3-hdroxylase (C3H) involved in lignin accumulation in pear fruits. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:791-798. [PMID: 37520811 PMCID: PMC10382451 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important factors impacting the quality of pear fruit is the presence of stone cells and lignin. Lignin is the main component of stone cells in pear fruits. Two monolignoid biosynthetic genes 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and p-coumaric acid 3-hdroxylase (C3H) are involved in lignin accumulation in pear fruits. However, the functions of these genes in lignin biosynthesis were excluded in pear. In our study, we isolated and cloned Pb4CL11 (GenBank: KM455955.1) and PbC3H1 (GenBank: KM373790.1) from pear, which contained 1644 bp encoded 54 amino acids (AA), and 1539 bp encoded 513 AA, respectively. The expression of Pb4CL11 and PbC3H1 in Arabidopsis thaliana led to an increase in cell wall thickness for intervascular fibers and xylem cells and lignin content. Overexpression of Pb4CL11 and PbC3H1 in A. thaliana can significantly increase the expression of AtPAL, AtC4H, AtHCT, AtC3H, AtCCOMT, AtCCR, AtF5H, AtCOMT, AtCAD4 and AtCAD5 with promotion of lignin biosynthesis. Taken together, our study's findings not only demonstrated the probable function of Pb4CL11 and PbC3H1 in lignin biosynthesis but also laid the groundwork for future studies using molecular biological methods to control lignin production and the formation of stone cells in pear fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- School of Health and Nursing, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hefei, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Health and Nursing, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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