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Simard C, Bonnaure G, Fournier D, Néron S. An objective flow cytometry method to rapidly determine cord blood potency in cryopreserved units. Transfusion 2019; 59:2074-2083. [PMID: 30802338 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cord blood banks have to determine the regenerative potential of cord blood units (CBUs) on a representative sample of the cryopreserved product before release to the transplant center. Potency can be measured by using a colony-forming unit (CFU) method, which delays the release of CBU by 7 to 14 days. To accelerate CBU qualification, we have developed a rapid method to assess the response of CD34 cells to interleukin (IL)-3. Flow cytometry was used to measure IL-3-induced STAT5 phosphorylation within CD34-cells. This IL-3 test was compared to the CFU method, as well as the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme-based assay. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Ten cryopreserved CBUs were analyzed for their contents in CD34 and CD45 viable cells, total CFUs, ADLHbright cells, and IL-3-responsive CD34+ cells. Extreme and mild warming event scenarios were simulated on CBUs and used as poor-quality samples. Segments, tubes, and bags from five CBUs were compared for their potency using IL-3 and CFU methods. RESULTS The IL-3 test was accurate in identifying the samples handled following standard operating procedures and those subjected to extreme warming events. Based on these results, a threshold of 55% of IL-3-responsive CD34 cells was established to identify good-quality samples. The IL-3 test was also the most sensitive to detect samples subjected to milder warming events. CONCLUSIONS Our new method for determining CBU functionality is rapid, unbiased, and robust. The IL-3 test described herein fulfills the requirements for validation, and we intend to implement this method in our cord blood bank facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Simard
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Diane Fournier
- Public Cord Blood Bank, Héma-Québec, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonia Néron
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-informatics, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Ikemoto J, Yoshihara S, Kobayashi T, Kai S, Fujimori Y. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in cryopreserved cord blood cells for quality assessment prior to transplantation. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4530-4534. [PMID: 30221737 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT), the number of cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ cells and colony‑forming units (CFUs) in the cord blood (CB) graft positively correlate with patient survival. Therefore, these parameters are currently used for quality assessment of the cryopreserved CB cells in the attached segment that is considered representative of the CB in the main bag prior to UCBT. Since aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is high in hematopoietic stem cells, the number of ALDH‑bright (ALDHbr) cells was examined in comparison with the number of CD34+ cells and CFUs for the quality assessment of CB units. In the cryopreserved main bag, the number of ALDHbr cells in the CB unit exhibited positive correlation with the number of CD34+ cells, and with CFU‑granulocytes/macrophages and total CFU counts. Furthermore, the concentration of ALDHbr cells in the cryopreserved attached segment was not significantly different compared to that of the main bag, suggesting that the attached segment is representative of the main bag. In conclusion, the present study suggested that ALDHbr cell counts in the cryopreserved attached segments may serve as a quality assessment indicator for CB units prior to UCBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ikemoto
- Center for Blood Transfusion and Cellular Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshihara
- Center for Blood Transfusion and Cellular Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Tamami Kobayashi
- Center for Blood Transfusion and Cellular Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Shunro Kai
- Center for Blood Transfusion and Cellular Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fujimori
- Center for Blood Transfusion and Cellular Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663‑8501, Japan
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Gençer EB, Yurdakul P, Dalva K, Beksaç M. Flow Cytometric Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Assay Enables a Fast and Accurate Human Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Assessment. Turk J Haematol 2017; 34:314-320. [PMID: 27956370 PMCID: PMC5774350 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2016.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Colony-forming units of granulocytes/macrophages (CFU-GM) analysis is the most widely used method to determine the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) content of human umbilical cord blood (CB) for prediction of engraftment potential. The measurement of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a more recent method for HSC qualification. Our aim was to correlate phenotypic and functional assays to find the most predictive method. Materials and Methods: In this study, flow cytometric quantitation of CD34+ cells and ALDH positivity along with CFU-GM capacity were assessed in fresh and post-thaw CB units. Results: Among 30 post-processing samples, for each CB unit the mean total number of nucleated cells (TNCs) was (93.8±30.1)x107, CD34+ cells were (3.85±2.55)x106, ALDH+ cells were (3.14±2.55)x106, and CFU-GM count was (2.64±1.96)x105. Among an additional 19 post-thaw samples the cell counts were as follows: TNCs, (32.79±17.27)x107; CD34+, (2.18±3.17)x106; ALDH+, (2.01±2.81)x106; CFU-GM, (0.74±0.92)x105. Our findings showed that in fresh samples TNCs, CD34+ cells, and ALDH correlated highly with counts of CFU-GM, CFU-erythroids/granulocytes-macrophages/megakaryocytic cells (GEMM), and burst forming units of erythroids (BFU-E) as follows: TNCs, r=0.47, r=0.35, r=0.41; CD34+, r=0.44, r=0.54, r=0.41; and ALDH, r=0.63, r=0.45, r=0.6, respectively. In terms of post-thaw samples, the correlations were as follows: TNCs, r=0.59, r=0.46, r=0.56; CD34+, r=0.67, r=0.48, r=0.61; and ALDH, r=0.61, r=0.67, r=0.67, for CFU-GM, CFU-GEMM, and BFU-E, respectively. All correlations were statistically significant. Conclusion: In our experience, HSC assessment by ALDH activity yields the highest correlation with conventional analytical methods, particularly for post-thaw samples. Thus, this fast, inexpensive method has the potential to overcome the weaknesses of other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Begüm Gençer
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Cord Blood Bank, Ankara, Turkey,Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Yurdakul
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Cord Blood Bank, Ankara, Turkey,TOBB Economics Technology and University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Klara Dalva
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Beksaç
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
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Strategies before, during, and after hematopoietic cell transplantation to improve T-cell immune reconstitution. Blood 2016; 128:2607-2615. [PMID: 27697775 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-724005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell immune reconstitution (IR) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is highly variable between patients and may take several months to even years. Patients with delayed or unbalanced T-cell IR have a higher probability of developing transplantation-related morbidity, mortality, and relapse of disease. Hence, there is a need for strategies to better predict and improve IR to reduce these limitations of allo-HCT. In this review, we provide an update of current and in-near-future clinically relevant strategies before, during, and after transplantation to achieve successful T-cell IR. Potent strategies are choosing the right HCT source (eg, donor-recipient matching, cell dose, graft manipulation), individualized conditioning and serotherapy (eg, antithymocyte globulin), nutritional status, exercise, home care, modulation of microbiota, enhancing homeostatic peripheral expansion, promoting thymopoiesis, and the use of adjuvant-targeted cellular immunotherapies. Strategies to prevent graft-versus-host disease are important as well because this complication and the subsequent need for immunosuppression affects T-cell IR and function. These options aim for personalized precision transplantation, where allo-HCT therapy is designed to boost a well-balanced T-cell IR and limit complications in individual patients, resulting in overall lower morbidity and higher survival chances.
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Morgenstern DA, Ahsan G, Brocklesby M, Ings S, Balsa C, Veys P, Brock P, Anderson J, Amrolia P, Goulden N, Cale CM, Watts MJ. Post-thaw viability of cryopreserved peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) does not guarantee functional activity: important implications for quality assurance of stem cell transplant programmes. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:942-51. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Morgenstern
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
| | - Gulrukh Ahsan
- Cell Therapy Laboratory; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
| | | | - Stuart Ings
- Wolfson Cellular Therapy Unit; University College London Hospitals; London UK
| | - Carmen Balsa
- Wolfson Cellular Therapy Unit; University College London Hospitals; London UK
| | - Paul Veys
- Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
| | - Penelope Brock
- Formerly; Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
| | - John Anderson
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
| | - Persis Amrolia
- Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
| | - Nicholas Goulden
- Formerly; Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology; Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
| | | | - Michael J. Watts
- Wolfson Cellular Therapy Unit; University College London Hospitals; London UK
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Rich IN. Improving Quality and Potency Testing for Umbilical Cord Blood: A New Perspective. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:967-73. [PMID: 26160959 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This article critically reviews current methods to test and characterize umbilical cord blood (UCB) for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These tests include total nucleated cell (TNC) count, viability, viable CD34-positive content, and the colony-forming unit assay. It is assumed that the data obtained are sufficient to perform a UCB stem cell transplant without actually determining the quality and potency of the stem cells responsible for engraftment. This assumption has led not only to a high graft failure rate attributed to low or lack of potency, but also to noncompliance with present statutes that require UCB stem cells to be of high quality and, indeed, potency for a transplant to be successful. New evidence now calls into question the quality of the data, based on the UCB processed TNC fraction because using this impure fraction masks and significantly underestimates the functionality of the stem cells in both the segment and the unit. It is proposed that UCB units should be processed to the mononuclear cell fraction and that new cost-effective technology that measures the quality and potency of UCB stem cells be implemented to achieve better practices in UCB testing. These changes would provide the transplant physician with the assurance that the stem cells will perform as intended and would reduce risk and increase safety and efficacy for the patient. SIGNIFICANCE Current stem cell transplantation of umbilical cord blood cells requires testing that includes four basic parameters that do not determine whether the stem cells are of high quality, as required by the Stem Cell Therapeutic and Research Act of 2005. No cord blood units collected or transplanted so far have been tested for stem cell quality or potency. New scientific evidence calls into question cord blood processing and testing practices required by regulatory agencies and standards organizations. A new perspective is described that includes stem cell quality and potency testing that could reduce graft failure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N Rich
- HemoGenix, Inc., Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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Yoon JH, Oh S, Shin S, Roh EY, Lee HR, Seo SH, Park H, Song EY. Plasma CC-chemokine ligand 28 level is correlated with hematopoietic stem cells in human cord blood. Transfusion 2014; 55:1008-12. [PMID: 25412854 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CC-chemokine ligand 28 (CCL28) was previously identified as a novel growth factor in vitro for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from cord blood (CB). However, there is no report on the relationship between CCL28 and HSCs in a human body. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS To reveal the effect of CCL28 on hematopoietic cells in human CB at birth, we measured CCL28 in frozen CB plasma, which was preserved as a reference sample for cryopreserved CB units for HSC transplantation. We also evaluated the correlation of CCL28 level with CB components. RESULTS A total of 81 cryopreserved nonconforming CB units for transplantation were selected. The level of CCL28 was 2540 ± 377 pg/mL. The CCL28 levels correlated with the number of CD34+ cells (r = 0.222, p = 0.047) and white blood cells (r = 0.254, p = 0.022) in the CB units. The CCL28 levels also correlated with hemoglobin levels (r = 0.221, p = 0.048) in fresh CB. CONCLUSION This finding of positive correlation between CCL28 level and CD34+ cell numbers in vivo, together with the previous report that CCL28 influences the proliferation of hematopoietic cells in CB in vitro, may give a clue for better understanding the variability in HSC content in CB that is cryopreserved for HSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank (Allcord), Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Biostatistics, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank (Allcord), Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Youn Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank (Allcord), Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunwoong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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