He H, Tang L, Jin Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Ding S, Chen Y, Tian J, Wang M, Duan S. High-Throughput CD36 Phenotyping on Human Platelets Based on Sandwich ELISA and Mutant Gene Analysis.
Transfus Med Hemother 2024;
51:32-40. [PMID:
38314240 PMCID:
PMC10836864 DOI:
10.1159/000530039]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background
CD36 deficiency is closely associated with fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, platelet transfusion refractoriness, and other hemorrhage disorders, particularly in Asian and African populations. There is a clinical need for rapid and high-throughput methods of platelet CD36 (pCD36) phenotyping to improve the availability of CD36 typing of donors and assist clinical blood transfusions for patients with anti-CD36 antibodies. Such methods can also support the establishment of databases of pCD36-negative phenotypes.
Study Design and Methods
A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for CD36 phenotyping of human platelets was developed using anti-CD36 monoclonal antibodies. The reliability of the assay was evaluated by calculating the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV). A total of 1,691 anticoagulant whole blood samples from healthy blood donors were randomly selected. PCD36 expression was measured using a sandwich ELISA. PCD36 deficiency was confirmed by flow cytometry (FC). Mutations underlying pCD36 deficiency were identified using polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT).
Results
The sandwich ELISA for pCD36 phenotyping had high reliability (intra-assay CV, 2.1-4.8%; inter-assay CV, 2.3-5.2%). The sandwich ELISA was used to screen for CD36 expression on platelets isolated from 1,691 healthy blood donors. Of these, 36 samples were pCD36-negative. FC demonstrated absence of CD36 expression on monocytes in three of the 36 cases. In the present study population, the frequency of CD36 deficiency was 2.13% (36/1,691), of which 0.18% (3/1,691) was type I deficiency and 1.95% (33/1,691) was type II deficiency. In addition, we used PCR-SBT to characterize the gene mutations in exons 3-14 of the CD36 gene in 27 cases of CD36 deficiency and discovered 10 types of mutations in 13 pCD36-negative samples.
Conclusion
The present study describes the development and characterization of a highly reliable sandwich ELISA for high-throughput screening for pCD36 expression. This novel method is feasible for clinical applications and provides a useful tool for the establishment of databases of pCD36-negative phenotype donors.
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