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Ma M, Yang R, Gu J, Ke S, Du X, Zheng J. Factors associated with blood donation among college and university students in Wuhan, China: structural equation model. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1847. [PMID: 38987767 PMCID: PMC11238382 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND College and university students were an important population group of blood donors, especially in the current situation of tight blood supply. This study aimed to investigate the current status and determinants of blood donation among this population group in Wuhan using a structural equation model. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 12 colleges and universities in Wuhan, China, including 5168 students. Sociodemographic characteristics, health status, knowledge about blood donation, and attitude toward blood donation were treated as latent variables, with blood donation as the observed variable. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the Mplus 8.0 statistical software application, followed by the establishment of a structural equation model to assess the relationships that exist between these variables. RESULTS The overall blood donation rate among college and university students was 24.71%. The established model indicated that sociodemographic characteristics, health status, knowledge about blood donation, and attitude toward blood donation showed significant positive effects (0.135, 0.056, 0.321, and 0.389, respectively) on blood donation, among them, the direct effects were 0.076, -0.110, 0.143, and 0.389, respectively (P < 0.01). Additionally, sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and knowledge about blood donation had indirectly affected blood donation through the mediating effect of attitude towards blood donation. Their effects on attitude towards blood donation were 0.099, 0.243, and 0.468, respectively. (P < 0.01). The model could explain explained 22.22% of the variance in blood donation behavior among college and university students in Wuhan. CONCLUSION Blood donation among college and university students in Wuhan was associated with sociodemographic characteristics, health status, knowledge about blood donation, and attitude towards blood donation, with attitude being the primary influencing factor. Tailored recruitment strategies for blood donation among students should prioritize initiatives aimed at enhancing knowledge about blood donation and fostering positive attitudes toward it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ru Yang
- Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, China
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Pai SN, Jeyaraman M, Jeyaraman N, Yadav S. Blood Money: Is it Time to Incentivize Blood Donation in India? Cureus 2024; 16:e64692. [PMID: 39156292 PMCID: PMC11327368 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood donation, a fundamental act of altruism, has undergone significant evolution over the centuries. Despite medical progress, the persistent challenge lies in securing an adequate supply of blood and its derivatives. This article critically examines the proposal to introduce monetary incentives for blood donation, delving into ethical, legal, and pragmatic dimensions. India's current framework staunchly upholds voluntary, unpaid donations. However, global practices diverge significantly. Notably, India previously permitted monetary compensation for blood donation but later prohibited it due to concerns about infection transmission. Monetary incentives offer a potential solution to address key deterrents faced by potential donors. Health anxieties, time constraints, and fear of infection often discourage voluntary donations. By providing financial motivation, we may enhance donor participation and bolster the reliability of the blood supply. While the benefits are evident, caution is essential. Implementing monetary incentives necessitates robust safeguards. Preventing the exploitation of vulnerable populations and ensuring the safety of blood products remain paramount. Striking this delicate balance requires careful consideration. By analyzing ethical, legal, and practical facets, we navigate the intricate landscape of blood supply management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvik N Pai
- Orthopaedics, People's Education Society (PES) University Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Clinical Research Associate, Viriginia Tech India, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
- Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Sankalp Yadav
- Medicine, Shri Madan Lal Khurana Chest Clinic, New Delhi, IND
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Koch E, Leiße A, Veseli B, Jensen J, Spekman M, Merz EM, Shehu E, Thibert JB, Beurel-Trehan A, Leblond M, Oesterer M, Kluge P, Forioso D, Clement M. Incentives for plasma donation. Vox Sang 2024. [PMID: 38714322 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This work provides an overview of the incentives used for plasma donation in Europe and beyond. The overview can provide new ideas to blood establishments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic online search of incentives used and asked national experts to validate the data across all European Union countries as well as other European and non-European countries. We categorized the data into level of incentive (using the Nuffield Council on Bioethics' rungs [2011]) and country. RESULTS We analysed more than 490 organizations across 26 countries. Our findings reveal different incentives used in these countries. Snacks and pre-donation health checks are commonly provided. In addition, loyalty programmes, small gifts, vouchers, lotteries, travel compensations and time off from work extend the strategic incentive portfolio. Only seven countries offer financial compensation ranging from the equivalent of 10-35€ for European countries. In countries with a decentralized model, where more than one organization collects plasma, we observe that more diversified incentive strategies are generally used, including monetary and non-monetary incentives. In countries with a centralized model, where only one organization is allowed to collect plasma, financial compensation is usually not offered. Centralized plasma collection without financial compensation relies on a wider range of non-monetary incentives than with financial compensation. CONCLUSION The country group analysis offers valuable insights into the relationship between incentive strategies and the prevailing centralized versus decentralized plasma collection model. This overview provides a broader understanding of incentives used by blood establishments and offers avenues for future practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Koch
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Leiße
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Besarta Veseli
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Jensen
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marloes Spekman
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Research Group on Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva-Maria Merz
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Research Group on Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edlira Shehu
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibert
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
- Institute of Law and Political Science, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Beurel-Trehan
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
- Laboratory of Psychology: Cognition, Behavior, Communication, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | | | - Martin Oesterer
- DRK-Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Kluge
- DRK-Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Donata Forioso
- Centro Nazionale Sangue, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michel Clement
- Research Group on Health Marketing, Institute for Marketing, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Hamad L, Ahmed SM, van Eerden E, van Walraven SM, Machin L. Remuneration of donors for cell and gene therapies: an update on the principles and perspective of the World Marrow Donor Association. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:580-586. [PMID: 38396211 PMCID: PMC11073962 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The cell and gene therapy (CGT) sector has witnessed significant advancement over the past decade, the inception of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) being one of the most transformational. ATMPs treat serious medical conditions, in some cases providing curative therapy for seriously ill patients. There is interest in pivoting the ATMP development from autologous based treatments to allogenic, to offer faster and greater patient access that should ultimately reduce treatment costs. Consequently, starting material from allogenic donors is required, igniting ethical issues associated with financial gains and donor remuneration within CGT. The World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA) established the Cellular Therapy Committee to identify the role WMDA can play in safeguarding donors and patients in the CGT field. Here we review key ethical principles in relation to donating cellular material for the CGT field. We present the updated statement from WMDA on donor remuneration, which supports non-remuneration as the best way to ensure the safety and well-being of donors and patients alike. This is in line with the fundamental objective of the WMDA to maintain the health and safety of volunteer donors while ensuring high-quality stem cell products are available for all patients. We acknowledge that the CGT field is evolving at a rapid pace and there will be a need to review this position as new practices and applications come to pass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hamad
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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5
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Holloway K. Exploring the increasing need for plasma collection: Perspectives of voluntary nonremunerated donors on payment for plasma in Canada. Transfus Med 2023; 33:390-397. [PMID: 37599234 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to understand how voluntary nonremunerated plasma donors in Canada view payment for plasma and the emerging commercial sector. BACKGROUND There is a growing global demand for plasma, to produce plasma-derived medical products. Source plasma for these products is collected through voluntary nonremunerated donation, sometimes by a national blood service, or by a commercial plasma collector, remunerating donors. METHODS/MATERIALS This paper presents findings from qualitative semi-structured interviews with source plasma donors in three new source plasma centres in Canada. Interview data were analysed using abductive analysis, an interpretivist approach that builds on grounded theory. RESULTS This study indicates that there are a range of perspectives on payment for plasma and the emerging commercial sector, from disinterest in payment, to opposition to payment based on the belief that it could undermine donating to help others, and risk public health and safety. One fifth of participants are open to CBS paying donors if it is necessary to increase national sufficiency of plasma. Almost two thirds of participants are opposed to commercial plasma collection in Canada, claiming that it could undermine Canada's public healthcare system, raising questions about transparency and accountability of the commercial plasma industry. CONCLUSION Findings point to important areas for future study, on publicly collected source plasma, the emerging commercial plasma sector, and the role of the donor as a social actor in a complex political system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Holloway
- Donation Policy & Studies, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Canada
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6
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Hughes SD, France CL, West-Mitchell KA, Pina T, McElfresh D, Sayers M, Bryant BJ. Advancing Understandings of Blood Donation Motivation and Behavior. Transfus Med Rev 2023; 37:150780. [PMID: 37996288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2023.150780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we provide critical analysis of social science research into blood donation motivation and behavior. We first share an understanding of the existing literature and recommendations for future research collectively developed by members of the Working Group on Blood Donors and the Supply: Diversifying while Maintaining the Donor Pool, Donor Selection, and Optimizing Blood Availability and Safety, as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's 2022 State of the Science in Transfusion Medicine symposium. Then, rather than aim for a comprehensive treatment, we review 4 newer manuscripts that exemplify aspects of the group's recommendations and report results from countries where the blood supply is based on voluntary, nonremunerated donations. From the substantial existing literature, we selected: (1) a study that employed motivational interviewing techniques, thematic analysis, and surveys to link donation motivations and barriers reported by diverse young donors in the United States to actual donation behavior over a year of subsequent eligibility; (2) a survey regarding donation motivations and barriers and monetary amounts associated with willingness to participate in whole blood, plasma, or platelet collection; (3) a survey-based assessment of various emotional states reported by donors at 2 time points during donation and the relationship between emotional experience and subsequent vasovagal reactions; and (4) an interpretive discourse analysis of blood collection agency messaging to donors and the public in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We close by noting several challenges posed by the structure of the United States blood system and the current funding environment to conducting rigorous research and translating findings into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana D Hughes
- Vitalant Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Kamille A West-Mitchell
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Pina
- Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Duncan McElfresh
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; US Department of Veterans Affairs, Program Evaluation Resource Center, Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Merlyn Sayers
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Carter BloodCare, Bedford, TX, USA
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Lasky B, Singh U, Young PP. Young apheresis platelet donors show significant and sustained growth over the last decade in the US, 2010-2019: A favorable sign of the resiliency of the platelet supply. Transfusion 2023. [PMID: 37191295 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet demand continues to rise and US hospitals frequently face shortages. The peak median age of apheresis platelet donors (APD) is believed to have increased over the last decade, raising concerns that the APD base is not being adequately replenished with young donors. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS American Red Cross (ARC) apheresis platelet collections were evaluated from calendar years 2010 through 2019. APD, products per procedure/split rate (PPP) and donation frequencies were stratified into age groups. RESULTS/FINDINGS The number of unique APD from calendar year 2010 through 2019 in the ARC donor pool increased from 87,573 to 115,372 donors, representing a 31.7% overall growth. Donors in the 16-40 year-old (y) age group increased by 78.8% overall, with the largest absolute increases seen in the 26-30 y (4852 donors, 99.9% growth), followed by the 31-35 y (3991, 94.1%) group. Donors aged 56+ increased by 50.4% overall, with the largest increase seen in the 66-70 y (5988 donors, 108.1% growth) group. Middle-aged donors, aged 41-55 y, demonstrated a decrease of 16.5%. Over the last decade, the youngest age groups (16-40 y) comprised 61.3% of first-time donors (FTD). Annual donation frequency increased with increasing age and PPP. The highest donation frequencies were seen in the oldest age groups. CONCLUSION Although the peak median age of APD increased over the study period, relative contribution of the 16-40 y APD base also increased. Older donors exhibited the highest donation frequencies and thus contributed the largest volume of apheresis platelet units. Platelet donor activity declined in the middle age (41-55 y) group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baia Lasky
- American Red Cross, Biomedical Services Division, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Umesh Singh
- American Red Cross, Biomedical Services Division, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Pampee P Young
- American Red Cross, Biomedical Services Division, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Shychuk EM, Glasford K, Shychuk AJ, Joseph N. Oedema: a rare complication of plasma donation in an adolescent female. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e254908. [PMID: 36948523 PMCID: PMC10040018 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-254908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma donation has been widely used to recover medically vital components, such as immunoglobulins and clotting factors. Although generally well tolerated, there have been reports in the medical literature of reactions following blood and plasma donation. We present the first case, to our knowledge, of lower extremity oedema as the only complication noted following plasma donation in an adolescent female without underlying risk factors. Laboratory evaluation was unremarkable with the exception of decreased total serum protein. Symptoms resolved with conservative management and avoidance of plasma donation. Our case highlights the importance of screening for all sources of income in adolescents to assess for health disparities, evaluate risk factors and provide appropriate guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Meryl Shychuk
- Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Krystal Glasford
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Nancy Joseph
- Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Wovon die Bereitschaft zur Blutspende abhängt. TRANSFUSIONSMEDIZIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1929-3652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
„What would it take to convince you to donate?“ Diese Frage
stellten Psychologen den Studienteilnehmern mit unterschiedlicher
Spendengeschichte, in verschiedenen Altersgruppen und mit variierenden
Grundüberzeugungen. Sie identifizierten Faktoren, die mit der
Bereitschaft zu unentgeltlichen Spenden assoziiert waren. Gleichzeitig gab es
einen nicht unerheblichen Teil von Personen, der Vergütungen
begrüßte.
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