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Cardozo HG, Monteiro ER, Correia BS, Victor B Ferronatto J, Almeida-Filho FT, Alievi MM, Valle SF. Influence of intravenous fentanyl or dexmedetomidine infusions, combined with lidocaine and ketamine, on cardiovascular response, sevoflurane requirement and postoperative pain in dogs anesthetized for unilateral mastectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:381-390. [PMID: 38744657 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of constant rate infusions (CRI) of fentanyl or dexmedetomidine, combined with lidocaine and ketamine, on cardiovascular response during surgery, sevoflurane requirement and postoperative pain in dogs undergoing mastectomy. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial. ANIMALS A total of 29 female dogs with mammary tumors. METHODS Premedication consisted of intramuscular acepromazine and morphine. General anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Dogs were randomized to be administered intravenous DLK [dexmedetomidine 1 μg kg-1 loading dose (LD) and 1 μg kg-1 hour-1; lidocaine 2 mg kg-1 LD and 3 mg kg-1 hour-1; ketamine 1 mg kg-1 LD and 0.6 mg kg-1 hour-1; n = 14] or FLK (fentanyl 5 μg kg-1 LD and 9 μg kg-1 hour-1; same doses of lidocaine and ketamine; n = 15) during anesthesia. Cardiorespiratory variables and end-tidal sevoflurane (Fe'Sevo) were recorded during surgery. The number of dogs administered ephedrine to treat arterial hypotension [mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mmHg] was recorded. Meloxicam was administered to both groups. Postoperative pain and rescue analgesia requirement were assessed for 24 hours using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale. Data were compared using a mixed effects model or a Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS More dogs required ephedrine in FLK than in DLK (67% versus 7%). Heart rate was not significantly different between groups, whereas lower values of MAP (p ≤ 0.01) and Fe'Sevo (p = 0.018) were observed in FLK than in DLK. Rescue analgesia was administered to 2/15 dogs in FLK and 0/14 dogs in DLK. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Based on the cardiovascular response during surgery, intraoperative infusions of FLK and DLK provided adequate antinociception. Infusion of DLK provided greater stability of blood pressure. Both protocols resulted in minimal need for additional analgesia within 24 hours postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiumy G Cardozo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Monteiro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara S Correia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Victor B Ferronatto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Td Almeida-Filho
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Alievi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stella F Valle
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Parameters of Metabolic Response to Surgical Trauma Induced via Unilateral Total Mastectomy Associated or Not to Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050926. [PMID: 36899784 PMCID: PMC10000079 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical excision of solid tumors is required for local control of neoplasms. However, surgical trauma can stimulate the release of proangiogenic growth factors, suppressing cell-mediated immunity and favoring the development of micrometastases and progression of residual disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the intensity of the metabolic response to trauma induced via unilateral mastectomy in bitches with mammary neoplasia, the consequences of its joint performance with ovariohysterectomy, and their respective effects on the organic response. Two groups of animals were evaluated in seven perioperative moments, namely, unilateral mastectomy (G1) and unilateral mastectomy associated with ovariohysterectomy (G2). Thirty-two female dogs were selected, ten clinically healthy, and twenty-two diagnosed with mammary neoplasia. Surgical trauma reduced serum concentrations of albumin and interleukin-2 but increased blood levels of glucose and interleukin-6 in the postoperative of G1 and G2 patients. Moreover, serum cortisol levels increased after unilateral mastectomy associated with ovariohysterectomy. Our findings allowed us to conclude that unilateral mastectomy induces significant metabolic alterations in female dogs with mammary neoplasms and its joint performance with ovariohysterectomy increases the organic response to trauma.
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Bacarin CDC, Nicácio GM, Cerazo LMDL, Peruchi LG, Cassu RN. Perioperative Analgesic Efficacy of Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture for Canine Mastectomy Combined with Ovariohysterectomy: a Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2022; 15:121-129. [PMID: 35770579 DOI: 10.51507/j.jams.2022.15.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA) is a therapy based on the stimulation of points on the scalp and applied to treat different states of pain. Objectives To investigate the analgesic efficacy of YNSA for dogs undergoing radical unilateral mastectomy with ovariohysterectomy. Methods Twenty-four dogs were randomly distributed into two treatments (n = 12, per group): bilateral stimulation of basic B, D, and E points (YNSA group) and no application of acupuncture (control group). All dogs were sedated with morphine; anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Fentanyl was intraoperatively administered to control cardiovascular responses to surgical stimulation. Postoperative pain was assessed using an interactive visual analog scale (IVAS) and the short-form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). Morphine was administered as rescue analgesia. Data were analyzed using t-tests, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedman test (p < 0.05). Results Intraoperatively, the number of dogs requiring supplemental analgesic and the number of doses of fentanyl were lower in the YNSA group than in the control group (p = 0.027-0.034). The IVAS pain scores recorded from 0.5 h to 1 h post-extubation in the YNSA group were lower than those in the control group (p = 0.021-0.023). Postoperative rescue analgesia and CMPS-SF pain scores did not differ between the groups. Conclusion YNSA decreases intraoperative fentanyl requirements and provides minimal postoperative analgesic benefits to dogs undergoing unilateral mastectomy with ovariohysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Carvalho Bacarin
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Montoro Nicácio
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Maria de Lima Cerazo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Luíza Guimarães Peruchi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Navarro Cassu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anestesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Gruen ME, Lascelles BDX, Colleran E, Gottlieb A, Johnson J, Lotsikas P, Marcellin-Little D, Wright B. 2022 AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:55-76. [PMID: 35195712 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
These updated guidelines present a practical and logical approach to the assessment and management of acute and chronic pain in canine and feline patients. Recognizing pain is fundamental to successful treatment, and diagnostic guides and algorithms are included for assessment of both acute and chronic pain. Particularly for chronic pain, capturing owner evaluation is important, and pain-assessment instruments for pet owners are described. Expert consensus emphasizes proactive, preemptive pain management rather than a reactive, "damage control" approach. The guidelines discuss treatment options centered on preemptive, multimodal analgesic therapies. There is an extensive variety of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapeutic options for the management of acute and chronic pain in cats and dogs. The guidelines include a tiered decision tree that prioritizes the use of the most efficacious therapeutic modalities for the treatment of acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Gruen
- North Carolina State University, Department of Clinical Sciences (M.E.G.)
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- North Carolina State University, Translational Research in Pain, Department of Clinical Sciences (B.D.X.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Denis Marcellin-Little
- University of California, Davis, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (D.M-L.)
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A composite scale to recognize abdominal pain and its variation over time in response to analgesia in rabbits. Vet Anaesth Analg 2022; 49:323-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Trends in Small Animal Reproduction: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030336. [PMID: 35158661 PMCID: PMC8833461 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reproduction in small animals is an expanding research area, with focus on breeding improvement and clinical management of domestic carnivores. The aim of the present study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature of the last decade on small animal reproduction, to point out main sources, most prolific countries, and emerging and neglected topics. Results show that research in biotechnologies for assisted reproduction has a central and increasing role in this field. Diversity in author keywords was also pointed out and a consensus to better categorize research in this field is proposed to reduce this problem in the future. Abstract Small animal reproduction (SAR) is a main research field in veterinary medicine and bibliometric analyses are useful to investigate trends in specific research areas. The objective of the present study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature of the last decade on SAR. A search equation was created, and documents were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Documents were manually revised, categorized and R software version 4.1.2 with Bibliometrix R package version 3.1 and MS Excel were used to perform the analyses. The included documents (n = 1470) were mainly research articles (78%). The top countries for the number of documents and citations were Brazil, United States, Italy, Poland, and Korea. These also account for the most prolific authors and institutions. Analyses by author keywords, categories, and recent reviews of the literature suggest that research on the canine species is more abundant than research on the feline one and that reproductive biotechnologies are a main research focus. Some clinical topics are still considered niche or neglected themes (e.g., semen collection in tomcats, neonatology). However, heterogeneity and ambiguity in keywords and categories are undeniable. This study offers interesting insights, providing definitions for main keywords in the field of SAR.
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Cicirelli V, Aiudi GG, Mrenoshki D, Lacalandra GM. Fentanyl patch versus tramadol for the control of postoperative pain in canine ovariectomy and mastectomy. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:469-475. [PMID: 34953046 PMCID: PMC8959330 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of fentanyl patches versus subcutaneous tramadol after canine ovariectomy, with and without unilateral mastectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 female dogs were included in the present study, all of which were domesticated, healthy and 4-12 years of age. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) based on the surgery and the analgesic protocol used: the TO group only underwent ovariectomy, and received postoperative tramadol; the TM group underwent both ovariectomy and mastectomy, and received postoperative tramadol; the FO group only underwent ovariectomy, and received fentanyl patches; and the FM group underwent both ovariectomy and mastectomy, and received fentanyl patches. Postoperative pain was evaluated every 4 h for 24 h using a numeric analogue scale (NAS) and a modified Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale Short Form (CMPS-SF). RESULTS The results of the present study showed that patients in all four groups tolerated postoperative surgical stress well. Analysis of variance for repeated measures did not show significant differences in the NAS scores and in Glasgow CMPS-SF between groups in terms of pain scores or rescue analgesia. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These results indicated that the analgesic effect of the fentanyl patch was similar to that of subcutaneous (SC) tramadol in female dogs after ovariectomy, with and without unilateral mastectomy, suggesting that the fentanyl patch may represent a valid supplementary tool for the control of postoperative pain in animals after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cicirelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio G Aiudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Mrenoshki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Gültekin Ç. Comparison of the analgesic effects of morphine and tramadol after tumor surgery in dogs. Open Vet J 2021; 11:613-618. [PMID: 35070856 PMCID: PMC8770189 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain thresholds may differ between animal species. It may even vary among individuals of the same species. Therefore, assessing pain in animals is challenging. AIMS The objective of the present study was to compare the analgesic effects of tramadol with morphine. METHODS The study was carried out on randomly selected 20 dogs with tumors in different breeds and gender. After induction of anesthesia with propofol, dogs were intubated, and anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane. Intravenous fentanyl citrate was used for intraoperative analgesia after stabilization of the anesthesia. When the tumors were surgically removed and the operation was completed, dogs were divided into two groups to give the postoperative analgesic agent. The first 10 dogs to be investigated were identified as the morphine group and the second 10 dogs as the tramadol group. Postoperative pain scores, heart rates, respiratory rates, and body temperatures were recorded at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours after the operation. RESULTS Pain scores were lower in the morphine group than in the tramadol group during all postoperative processes. CONCLUSION As a result, it was determined that tramadol has immediate analgesic effects than morphine; however, morphine provides better analgesia than tramadol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağrı Gültekin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Yılmaz İ, Maraş Z, Uğur Y, Erkan Özgür M, Durmaz M, İbrahim Ulusoy H, Erdoğan S. Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Metamizole Metabolites after Intramuscular and Intravenous Administration in Healthy Arabian Horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:927-936. [PMID: 34431528 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Metamizole sodium (MT) is an analgesic and antipyretic drug molecule used in humans, horses, cattle, swine, and dogs. Metamizole rapidly hydrolyzes and turns into methylamino antipyrine (MAA), an active primary metabolite of MT. The present study aims to determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of MT metabolites after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration into sex of Arabian horses (Equus ferus caballus) using a cross-over study design. The plasma samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) method, and plasma concentrations of MT metabolites were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After administrations of MT, plasma concentrations of methylamino antipyrine (MAA), amino antipyrone (AA), and acetylamino antipyrone (AAA) were determined within range of 15 min-12 h. Plasma concentrations of AA and AAA were lower than the plasma concentrations of major metabolite MAA at each sampling point. The PK parameters were statistically evaluated for MT's metabolites between male and female horses and also between IM and IV administrations of PK parameters such as Cmax , tmax , t1/2λz , AUC0-t , AUC0-∞ , λz, Cl and Vss (p < .05). The AUCIM /AUCIV ratio in female and male horses for MAA was 1.19 and 1.13, respectively. The AUCIM /AUCIV ratio for AA was lower than those found for MAA. AUCIM /AUCIV ratio was statistically significantly different between male and female horses for AA (p < .05). According to these results, some PK parameters such as Cmax, AUC, and MRT, MAA and AA concentrations have shown statistically significant differences by MT administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Maraş
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Uğur
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Health Services Vocational School, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erkan Özgür
- Department of Aquaculture, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Doğanşehir Vahap Küçük Vocational High School, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Murat Durmaz
- Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Ulusoy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Selim Erdoğan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Efficacy of tramadol for postoperative pain management in dogs: systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:283-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Vullo C, Tambella AM, Falcone A, Marino G, Catone G. Constant Rate Infusion of Lidocaine, Tumescent Anesthesia and Their Combination in Dogs Undergoing Unilateral Mastectomy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051280. [PMID: 33946987 PMCID: PMC8146467 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumescent anesthesia (TUM) is a technique that was initially used to perform liposuction under local anesthesia, which consists of the injection of such large volumes of local anesthetic until to produce swelling and firmness (tumescence) of the surgical area. The aim of this study was to compare the intraoperative analgesic efficacy of lidocaine (LID) constant rate infusion (CRI), of TUM, or their combination (LID/TUM) and the postoperative pain and analgesic requirement in dogs undergoing unilateral mastectomy. Twenty-four dogs were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (3 μg/kg) and methadone (0.2 mg/kg) intravenously (IV). After induction with propofol IV to effect, dogs were randomly allocated to receive a loading dose of lidocaine (2 mg/kg) followed by a CRI of 100 μg/kg/min (Group LID) in addition to an equivalent volume of lactated Ringer's solution instead of local TUM; a loading dose of lactated Ringer's solution followed by a CRI of Ringer's solution in addition to TUM (Group TUM); a loading dose of lidocaine (2 mg/kg) followed by a CRI of 100 μg/kg/min in addition to TUM (Group LID/TUM). Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Postoperative pain scores were assessed once the dogs had fully recovered from the sedative effects, and following 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. The results of the current study allow us to assert that all three treatments provided satisfactory intraoperative antinociceptive effects but administration of LID/TUM induced greater inhibition on sympathetic stimulating effect up to 60 min from recovery, thus, providing better early postoperative pain relief in dogs undergoing mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vullo
- Department of ChiBioFarm, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy;
| | - Annastella Falcone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.F.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriele Marino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.F.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Catone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.F.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
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Pereira MA, Campos KD, Gonçalves LA, Dos Santos RS, Flôr PB, Ambrósio AM, Otsuki DA, Matera JM, Gomes CO, Fantoni DT. Cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 inhibition and analgesic efficacy of dipyrone at different doses or meloxicam in cats after ovariohysterectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 48:7-16. [PMID: 33257279 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cyclooxygenases (COX) inhibition, adverse effects and analgesic efficacy of dipyrone or meloxicam in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, blinded, randomized, clinical study. ANIMALS A total of 30 healthy young cats. METHODS The cats were randomly assigned to three postoperative groups: D25 (dipyrone 25 mg kg-1 every 24 hours), D12.5 (dipyrone 12.5 mg kg-1 every 12 hours) and M (meloxicam 0.1 mg kg-1 every 24 hours). In the first 24 hours, the drugs were administered intravenously (IV), and then orally for 6 (dipyrone) or 3 days (meloxicam). Prostanoids thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 concentrations served as indicators of COX activity and, with physiological variables and pain and sedation scores, were measured for 24 hours after first analgesic administration. Rescue analgesia (tramadol, 2 mg kg-1 IV) was provided if Glasgow feline composite measure pain scale (CMPS-Feline) ≥5. Laboratory tests included symmetric dimethylarginine and adverse effects were evaluated regularly up to 7 and 10 days after surgery, respectively. Parametric and nonparametric data were analyzed with two-way anova and Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively (p < 0.05). RESULTS In the first half hour after analgesic administration, COX-1 activity was close to zero and remained significantly lower than before drug administration for 24 hours in all groups. The inhibition of COX-2 activity was significant for 30 minutes in all groups and up to 4 hours in group M. No alterations in laboratory tests or significant adverse effects were observed. Pain scores and need for rescue analgesia did not differ statistically among groups. CONCLUSIONS Dipyrone at both doses and meloxicam provided a nonselective inhibition of COX-1 and -2 activities and effective analgesia without causing significant adverse effects or laboratory tests alterations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dipyrone at both doses provides equally effective analgesia without causing adverse effects in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aa Pereira
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Karina D Campos
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Gonçalves
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana St Dos Santos
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia B Flôr
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline M Ambrósio
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise A Otsuki
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 08-Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia M Matera
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Oms Gomes
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise T Fantoni
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Gomes VH, Barbosa DDJ, Motta AS, Corrêa CG, Moreno DJ, da Silva MF. Evaluation of nalbuphine, butorphanol and morphine in dogs during ovariohysterectomy and on early postoperative pain. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 47:803-809. [PMID: 32891492 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of nalbuphine, butorphanol and morphine combined with acepromazine on intraoperative and early postoperative pain management in dogs anesthetized for ovariohysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized blinded clinical study. ANIMALS A total of 48 healthy female dogs of different breeds, aged 1-6 years, weighing (mean ± standard deviation) 14.5 ± 4.8 kg. METHODS Dogs were randomly assigned into four groups to be intravenously administered nalbuphine (0.5 mg kg-1; group N0.5), nalbuphine (1.0 mg kg-1; group N1.0), butorphanol (0.4 mg kg-1; group B0.4) or morphine (0.2 mg kg-1; group M0.2) combined with acepromazine (0.02 mg kg-1) prior to propofol and isoflurane for anesthesia. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, systolic arterial pressure and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded at time points during anesthesia. A dynamic interactive visual analog scale applied in three phases (DIVAS I, II and III) and the modified Glasgow composite measure pain scale were used to assess pain before premedication and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after extubation. Administration of rescue analgesia was recorded. RESULTS At the left ovarian pedicle ligation, HR was higher in N1.0 than in B0.4 (p = 0.020). RT decreased significantly by the end of surgery in N0.5 (p = 0.043) and B0.4 (p = 0.010). Rescue analgesia was administered postoperatively over 6 hours to eight, seven, nine and 10 dogs in N0.5, N1.0, B0.4 and M0.2, respectively (p = 0.57). DIVAS II was higher in B0.4 than in N1.0 at 2 and 3 hours (p = 0.038 and p = 0.002, respectively) and N0.5 at 3 hours (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE At the doses used, all premedication protocols provided insufficient intraoperative analgesia, with minimal clinical differences between groups. No premedication provided satisfactory analgesia in the first 6 hours postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane H Gomes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Daniele de J Barbosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda Sda Motta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clarice G Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Duque Jc Moreno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marta Fa da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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da Silva JCG, Dallegrave E, Rodrigues GZP, Bigolin C, Neumann TMSDO, Schuster AC, Kayser JM, Staudt LBM, Moraes MF, Farias DG, Schiling G, Raasch JR, Perassolo MS, da Silva LB, Gehlen G, Betti AH. Repeated dose of meloxicam induces genotoxicity and histopathological changes in cardiac tissue of mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:822-833. [PMID: 32552192 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1778018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Meloxicam is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug most used in small animals; however, studies on genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and histopathologic alterations in cardiac tissue are limited, especially at therapeutical doses used in these animals. This study evaluated the toxic effects caused by the treatment involving repeated low at higher doses of meloxicam in mice, by genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and histopathological parameters. Mice (CF1, male) received, by gavage, meloxicam at the therapeutic dose indicated for small animals (0.1 mg/kg) and at higher doses (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) for 28 days. Later, they were euthanized for blood and organ analysis. Oxidative stress was analyzed by the plasma ferric reduction capacity (FRAP) and catalase, and genotoxicity, by the comet assay and the micronucleus test. Heart, liver, lung, and kidney tissues were analyzed by the histology, and stomach and duodenum were analyzed with a magnifying glass. The relative weight of organs did not present significant alterations. However, congestion of duodenum vessels was observed at the three tested doses and caused hyperemia of stomach mucosa at 1 mg/kg. In the heart histology there was a reduction in the number of cardiomyocytes, accompanied by an increase in cell diameter (possible cell hypertrophy) dose-dependent. The highest tested dose of meloxicam also increased the DNA damage index, without alterations in the micronucleus test. Meloxicam did not affect the catalase activity but increased the FRAP (1 mg/kg). Meloxicam at the dose prescribed for small animals could potentially cause cardiac histopathologic alterations and genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Toxicology Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Cassiana Bigolin
- Bioanalysis Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Andriéli Carolina Schuster
- Bioanalysis Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Machado Kayser
- Bioanalysis Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Melina Floriano Moraes
- Bioanalysis Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Débora Graziela Farias
- Bioanalysis Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Schiling
- Bioanalysis Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Raquel Raasch
- Bioanalysis Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Magda Susana Perassolo
- Bioanalysis Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciano Basso da Silva
- Bioanalysis Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Günther Gehlen
- Bioanalysis Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andresa Heemann Betti
- Bioanalysis Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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15
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Di Salvo A, Conti MB, Nannarone S, Bufalari A, Giorgi M, Moretti G, Marenzoni ML, Della Rocca G. Pharmacokinetics and analgesic efficacy of intranasal administration of tramadol in dogs after ovariohysterectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 47:557-566. [PMID: 32513525 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess analgesic efficacy and the pharmacokinetics of intranasal (IN) tramadol in dogs following ovariohysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded clinical study. ANIMALS A total of 30 bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. METHODS Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups (10 dogs per group): IN tramadol 4 mg kg-1 (group T-IN), intravenous (IV) tramadol 4 mg kg-1 (group T-IV) and IV methadone 0.2 mg kg-1 (group M). Drugs were administered at extubation. At established time points (before surgery and up to 8 hours after drug administration) analgesia was assessed using the Italian version of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale Short Form and physiological variables were recorded. To determine the pharmacokinetics of IN tramadol, blood samples were collected at predetermined time points. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess whether data were normally distributed and consequently parametric or non parametric tests were applied. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS No significant intergroup differences were observed in the dogs that were administered rescue analgesia and time of its administration. Excluding dogs that were administered rescue analgesia, no significant intergroup differences emerged in pain scores and physiological variables, except for a lower rectal temperature in group M compared with the tramadol groups. After IN administration, tramadol was rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching its maximum concentration (range 74.74-200.29 ng mL-1) within 30-60 minutes, it then decreased rapidly and was detectable in plasma for up to 2 hours after treatment in all dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IN tramadol administration appears to be as effective as IV tramadol and methadone treatments in pain management of dogs after elective ovariohysterectomy. Given its low concentrations and short detection time in plasma after the IN route, systemic tramadol action appears unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CeRiDA-Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Conti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CeRiDA-Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Nannarone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CeRiDA-Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Antonello Bufalari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CeRiDA-Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Marenzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CeRiDA-Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Della Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CeRiDA-Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Abstract
Adjuvant analgesics (ie, gabapentin, tramadol, and ketamine) are commonly used in small animal practice. Most of these drugs are prescribed for outpatients, when pain is refractory to classic analgesics (ie, local anesthetics, opioids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), or when contraindications exist to the administration of other analgesics, including NSAIDs. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, clinical use, potential adverse effects, and current evidence of adjuvant analgesics in the treatment of acute pain in companion animals. These drugs should be considered as alternatives aimed at reducing or replacing opioids.
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17
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Meunier NV, Panti A, Mazeri S, Fernandes KA, Handel IG, Bronsvoort BMDC, Gamble L, Mellanby RJ. Randomised trial of perioperative tramadol for canine sterilisation pain management. Vet Rec 2019; 185:406. [PMID: 31320545 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Surgical sterilisation to manage free-roaming dog populations is widely used in many countries. However, few studies have examined optimal postoperative pain management regimens at low-resource, high-throughput veterinary clinics. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of two intravenous analgesic regimens, preoperative administration of meloxicam and tramadol, or meloxicam alone, in free-roaming dogs undergoing sterilisation. A total of 125 dogs were included, with 64 dogs in the meloxicam-tramadol arm and 61 dogs in the meloxicam-only arm in a non-inferiority study design. Pain levels in sterilisation surgery patients were assessed at four time points after surgery using the Colorado State University Canine Acute Pain Scale, a Visual Analogue Scale and a modified version of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale - Short Form. Non-inferiority was supported for each of the main scoring outcomes using non-inferiority margins of 0.5, 5 and 0.8, respectively. One dog from the meloxicam-tramadol group and four dogs in the meloxicam-only arm required rescue analgesia, with no difference between groups (P=0.21).The study demonstrated that meloxicam was effective in controlling postoperative pain in a high proportion of dogs. The addition of tramadol alongside meloxicam treatment was not found to be of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha V Meunier
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
| | - Ambra Panti
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
| | - Stella Mazeri
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
| | | | - Ian G Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
| | - Barend M de C Bronsvoort
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
| | | | - Richard J Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
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18
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State of the art analgesia- recent developments in pharmacological approaches to acute pain management in dogs and cats. Part 1. Vet J 2018; 238:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Giorgi M, Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Lisowski A, Owen H, Poapolathep A, Kim TW, De Vito V. Pharmacokinetic profiles of the active metamizole metabolites after four different routes of administration in healthy dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:428-436. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | | | - A. Lisowski
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Environment; University of Life Sciences; Lublin Poland
| | - H. Owen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Queensland; Gatton Australia
| | - A. Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kasetsart University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - T. W. Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon South Korea
| | - V. De Vito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
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20
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Eskafian H, Shojaee Tabrizi A, Ansari Lari M. Gastroscopic Study of Meloxicam, Tramadol, and Their Combined Administration on the Development of Gastric Injuries in Dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 2017; 32:109-113. [PMID: 29291772 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Opioid and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to manage post-operative pain that may be chronically extended. Although NSAIDs have been approved for their analgesic effects in canine, they are mostly known to be associated with side effects, particularly gastric ulcers. In the present study, we evaluated short-term co-administration of meloxicam and tramadol to see if this could induce more gastric ulcers than that observed when using these drugs individually. Twenty adult mixed domestic dogs weighing 10 to 20 kg of both sexes, were randomly assigned to four groups of five dogs. In the control group, placebo was administered orally (twice a day), whereas the test groups received tramadol (per OS) twice a day, meloxicam (per OS) daily, and a combination of tramadol (twice a day) and meloxicam (daily) for ten days, respectively. The animals were evaluated for gastric injuries on days 0, 6, 11, 16 and 21 by endoscopy under general anesthesia. Clinical signs of all animals including fecal consistency, appetite, mental and hydration statuses, tempreture, heart rate and respiratory rate were evaluated daily. Based on our results, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that a 10-day oral coadministration of tramadol and meloxicam had no deleterious effects on general health status and gastric mucosa in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesamedin Eskafian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aidin Shojaee Tabrizi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Ansari Lari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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The antinociceptive evaluation of 2,3-substituted-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones through thermal stimulation in mice. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Sarchahi AA, Vesal N, Khalighi F, Nazifi S. Effects of preanesthetic administration of metamizole on renal function, blood parameters and bone marrow cells in healthy dogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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R Uscategui RA, Tiosso C, Moro JV, Mostachio GQ, Padilha-Nakaghi LC, R Feliciano MA, R Vicente WR. Pre-emptive methadone or tramadol analgesia for mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy in bitches. REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2017. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v30n1a05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Pharmacokinetic Assessment of the Marker Active Metabolites 4-Methyl-amino-antipyrine and 4-Acetyl-amino-antipyrine After Intravenous and Intramuscular Injection of Metamizole (Dipyrone) in Healthy Donkeys. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Simon BT, Steagall PV. The present and future of opioid analgesics in small animal practice. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:315-326. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. T. Simon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - P. V. Steagall
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Université de Montréal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
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26
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Perez Jimenez TE, Mealey KL, Grubb TL, Greene SA, Court MH. Tramadol metabolism to O-desmethyl tramadol (M1) and N-desmethyl tramadol (M2) by dog liver microsomes: Species comparison and identification of responsible canine cytochrome P-450s (CYPs). Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:1963-1972. [PMID: 27758804 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.071902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tramadol is widely used to manage mild to moderately painful conditions in dogs. However, this use is controversial since clinical efficacy studies in dogs showed conflicting results, while pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated relatively low circulating concentrations of O-desmethyltramadol (M1). Analgesia has been attributed to the opioid effects of M1, while tramadol and the other major metabolite (N-desmethyltramadol, M2) are considered inactive at opioid receptors. The aims of this study were to determine whether cytochrome P450 (CYP) dependent M1 formation by dog liver microsomes is slower compared with cat and human liver microsomes; and identify the CYPs responsible for M1 and M2 formation in canine liver. Since tramadol is used as a racemic mixture of (+)- and (-)-stereoisomers, both (+)-tramadol and (-)- tramadol were evaluated as substrates. M1 formation from tramadol by liver microsomes from dogs was slower than from cats (3.9-fold), but faster than humans (7-fold). However, M2 formation by liver microsomes from dogs was faster than from cats (4.8-fold) and humans (19-fold). Recombinant canine CYP activities indicated that M1 was formed by CYP2D15, while M2 was largely formed by CYP2B11 and CYP3A12. This was confirmed by dog liver microsomes studies that showed selective inhibition of M1 formation by quinidine and M2 formation by chloramphenicol and CYP2B11 antiserum, and induction of M2 formation by phenobarbital. Findings were similar for both (+)-tramadol and (-)-tramadol. In conclusion, low circulating M1 concentrations in dogs is explained in part by low M1 formation and high M2 formation, which are mediated by CYP2D15 and CYP2B11/CYP3A12, respectively.
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27
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Lascelles BDX, Rausch-Derra LC, Wofford JA, Huebner M. Pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical field study to evaluate the effectiveness of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension for the provision of post-surgical analgesia in dogs undergoing stifle surgery. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:168. [PMID: 27531019 PMCID: PMC4988028 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local anesthetics are an important component of perioperative pain management, but the duration of action of available products is limited. We hypothesized that a single local infiltration of a novel bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension (AT-003) would provide clinically effective analgesia over a 72-h period. In a masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-center pilot field study, dogs undergoing lateral retinacular suture placement for cranial cruciate insufficiency were randomly assigned to surgical site infiltration with AT-003 (5.3 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of saline. Infiltration of the surgical site was done prior to closure. Primary outcome measure was the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) assessed prior to surgery and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 54, 60 and 72 h following surgery by trained individuals. Provision for rescue analgesia was employed. Repeated measures analysis of variance were utilized to test for possible differences between treatment groups and a success/failure analysis was also employed, based on the need for rescue analgesia. RESULTS Forty-six dogs were enrolled and evaluated. For CMPS-SF scores there was a significant overall treatment effect (p = 0.0027) in favor of AT-003. There were significantly more successes in the AT-003 group compared to placebo over each time period (p = 0.0001 for 0-24 h, p = 0.0349 for 0-48 h, and p = 0.0240 for 0-72 h). No significant adverse events were seen. CONCLUSIONS AT-003 (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) provided measurable local analgesia over a 72-h period following post-stifle surgery surgical site tissue infiltration. Further work is indicated to develop this product for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Duncan X Lascelles
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Pain Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA. .,Center for Pain Research and Innovation, Dental School, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiiology, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | | | - Margie Huebner
- ClinData Services, Inc., 6716 Holyoke Court, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA
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28
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Giorgi M, Aupanun S, Lee HK, Poapolathep A, Rychshanova R, Vullo C, Faillace V, Laus F. Pharmacokinetic profiles of the active metamizole metabolites in healthy horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:165-171. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - S. Aupanun
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering; Graduate School; Kasetsart University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - H.-K. Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon South Korea
| | - A. Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kasetsart University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - R. Rychshanova
- Veterinary School; Kostanay State A. Baitursynov University; Kostanay Kazakhstan
| | - C. Vullo
- School of Pharmacy; University Camerino; Macerata Italy
| | - V. Faillace
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine; University Camerino; Matelica Macerata Italy
| | - F. Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine; University Camerino; Matelica Macerata Italy
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29
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Schütter AF, Tünsmeyer J, Kästner SBR. Influence of metamizole on 1) minimal alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in dogs and 2) on thermal and mechanical nociception in conscious dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2016; 43:215-26. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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30
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Oliveira M, França R, Feranti J, Coutinho Júnior A, Soares A, Santos FB, Corrêa L, Hartmann H, Pinto Filho S, Chaves R, Pohl V, Brun M. Meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol no controle da dor após ovário-histerectomia videoassistida em cadelas. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol, no controle da dor após ovário-histerectomia (OVH) laparoscópica com dois portais. Foram selecionadas 14 cadelas hígidas. Os animais foram separados de forma aleatória, em dois grupos. O grupo M (GM) recebeu meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1, s.i.d.), enquanto os animais do grupo MT (GMT) receberam a associação de meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1, s.i.d.) e tramadol (4mg kg-1, t.i.d.), ambos durante dois dias de pós-operatório. Para avaliação da dor pós-cirúrgica, foram utilizadas as escalas de Melbourne e escala visual analógica (EVA), além de mensurações de glicemia e cortisol sérico. Não houve diferença ao se avaliarem os grupos GM e GMT pela escala de Melbourne nem pela EVA. As mensurações de cortisol não atingiram valores superiores aos de referência para a espécie, enquanto os valores de glicemia não apresentaram variação significativa ao longo do tempo de avaliação nem entre grupos. Com os resultados deste estudo, foi possível concluir que a utilização de meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol, nas doses e posologias propostas, é eficaz para controlar a dor pós-operatória de cadelas submetidas à OVH laparoscópica com dois portais.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M.V. Brun
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; CNPq
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Giorgi M, De Vito V, Lee HK, Laus F, Kowalski C, Faillace V, Burmańczuk A, Vullo C. Pharmacokinetic investigations of the marker active metabolite-4-methylamino-antipyrin after intravenous and intramuscular injection of metamizole in healthy sheep. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marquez M, Boscan P, Weir H, Vogel P, Twedt DC. Comparison of NK-1 Receptor Antagonist (Maropitant) to Morphine as a Pre-Anaesthetic Agent for Canine Ovariohysterectomy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140734. [PMID: 26513745 PMCID: PMC4626099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the NK-1 receptor antagonist maropitant to morphine during and after surgery in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). METHODS 30 healthy female dogs were randomly divided to receive either a pre-anaesthetic dose of morphine (0.5 mg/kg SQ) or maropitant (1 mg/kg, SQ) prior to OHE. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Expired isoflurane concentration, heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and respiratory rate were measured. Post-operative pain scores and appetite were evaluated during the recovery period. Rescue analgesia (morphine 0.1 mg/kg IV) was administered as needed post-operatively based on blinded pain score assessments. RESULTS Although clinically comparable; during surgical stimulation, the maropitant group had lower HR (108±18 vs 115±24 bpm; p = 0.04), lower SAP (114±23 vs 125±23 mmHg; p = 0.003) and required slightly lower percent of isoflurane anaesthetic (1.35±0.2 vs 1.51±0.4%; p = 0.005), when compared to the morphine group. In the recovery period, the maropitant group had lower pain scores at extubation (1.7±0.7 vs 3.4±2.3; p = 0.0001) and were more likely to eat within 3 hours after extubation (64.7 vs 15.3%). However, post-operative rescue analgesia requirements were similar between groups. All other measured parameters were similar between groups. The overall difference observed between groups was small and all monitored and measured parameters were within the expected range for anesthetized dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE No major differences in cardiorespiratory parameters or anaesthetic requirements were observed between maropitant and morphine when used as a pre-anesthetic agent for OHE. Further studies are necessary to fully elucidate the benefits of maropitant as a pre-anaesthetic agent for canine OHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Marquez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Pedro Boscan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Heather Weir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Pamela Vogel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David C. Twedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Vilhegas S, Cassu RN, Barbero RC, Crociolli GC, Rocha TLA, Gomes DR. Botulinum toxin type A as an adjunct in postoperative pain management in dogs undergoing radical mastectomy. Vet Rec 2015; 177:391. [PMID: 26446882 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this randomised placebo-controlled, observer-blinded study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) as an adjunct for postoperative pain control in dogs. Sixteen dogs undergoing bilateral radical mastectomy for treatment of mammary tumours were enrolled. Twenty-four hours before surgery, the subjects were distributed into two groups of eight dogs each: 7 iu/kg BoNT-A (BoNT-A) or saline (Control) was administered subcutaneously in each mammary gland. Following sedation with intramuscular 0.03 mg/kg acepromazine and 0.3 mg/kg morphine, anaesthesia was induced intravenously with 4 mg/kg propofol and maintained with isoflurane/O2. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated for 72 hours after extubation using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and modified Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (modified-GCMPS). Rescue analgesia was provided with intramuscular morphine (0.5 mg/kg). Data were analysed using analysis of variance, Tukey's test, Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman test (P<0.05). The pain scores were significantly lower in the BoNT-A than in the Control from 8 hours to 60 hours and from 12 hours to 60 hours after extubation, based on the VAS and modified-GCMPS, respectively. Rescue analgesia was required by significantly more dogs in the Control (7/8) compared with the BoNT-A (2/8) (P=0.022). Pre-emptive BoNT-A appears to be effective as an adjuvant for postoperative pain management in dogs undergoing bilateral radical mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vilhegas
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R N Cassu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C Barbero
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G C Crociolli
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T L A Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D R Gomes
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Unoeste, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Zanuzzo FS, Teixeira-Neto FJ, Teixeira LR, Diniz MS, Souza VL, Thomazini CM, Steagall PV. Analgesic and antihyperalgesic effects of dipyrone, meloxicam or a dipyrone–meloxicam combination in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Vet J 2015; 205:33-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Untreated or undermanaged perioperative pain has systemic effects that may negatively impact a patient's welfare and return to function. A consistent analgesic plan that assesses a patient's pain and comfort at regular intervals during the perioperative period should be incorporated into practice. Validated pain assessment tools are available for use in dogs and cats. Multimodal analgesic plans should be created for individual patients and modified according to pain assessments. These plans, based on a thorough history, physical examination, and knowledge of the expected pain, should be combinations of an opioid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a local anesthetic, and nonpharmacologic analgesic techniques.
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Barletta M, Young CN, Quandt JE, Hofmeister EH. Agreement between veterinary students and anesthesiologists regarding postoperative pain assessment in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2015; 43:91-8. [PMID: 25920011 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the levels of agreement among first- and second-year veterinary students and experienced anesthesiologists in assessing postoperative pain in dogs from video-recordings. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS Twenty-seven veterinary students, five anesthesiologists and 13 canine clinical patients. METHODS Prior to their enrolment in a core anesthesia course, veterinary students volunteered to watch 13 90 second videos of dogs. Dogs were hospitalized in an intensive care unit after a variety of surgical procedures. Students were asked to score the level of the dogs' pain using the Dynamic Interactive Visual Analog Scale and the Short Form of the Glasgow Composite-Measure Pain Scale. The same videotapes were scored by five board-certified anesthesiologists. The differences and agreement between the ratings of anesthesiologists and students, and first- and second-year students were determined with Mann-Whitney U-tests and Fleiss' or Cohen's kappa, respectively. RESULTS Pain scores assigned by students and anesthesiologists differed significantly (p < 0.01). Students assigned higher pain scores to dogs that were given low pain scores by anesthesiologists, and lower pain scores to dogs deemed to be in more pain by anesthesiologists. On average, students assigned higher scores on both scales. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Veterinary students early in their training assigned pain scores to dogs that differed from scores assigned by experienced anesthesiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Barletta
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Courtni N Young
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jane E Quandt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Erik H Hofmeister
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Comparison of a new metamizole formulation and carprofen for extended post-operative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Vet J 2015; 204:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Crociolli GC, Cassu RN, Barbero RC, Rocha TLA, Gomes DR, Nicácio GM. Gabapentin as an adjuvant for postoperative pain management in dogs undergoing mastectomy. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1011-5. [PMID: 25816802 PMCID: PMC4565804 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of gabapentin as an adjuvant for postoperative pain management in dogs. Twenty dogs undergoing mastectomy were randomized to receive perioperative oral placebo or gabapentin (10 mg/kg). All dogs were premedicated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg) and morphine (0.3 mg/ kg). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg/kg) intravenously and maintained with isoflurane. Intravenous meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) was administered preoperatively. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated for 72 hr. Rescue analgesia was provided with intramuscular morphine (0.5 mg/kg). Dogs in the Placebo group received significantly more morphine doses than the Gabapentin group (P=0.021), despite no significant differences in pain scores. Perioperative gabapentin reduced the postoperative morphine requirements in dogs after mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulianne Carla Crociolli
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Epstein M, Rodan I, Griffenhagen G, Kadrlik J, Petty M, Robertson S, Simpson W. 2015 AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats*. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2015; 51:67-84. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Epstein ME, Rodanm I, Griffenhagen G, Kadrlik J, Petty MC, Robertson SA, Simpson W. 2015 AAHA/AAFP pain management guidelines for dogs and cats. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 17:251-72. [PMID: 25701863 PMCID: PMC11148887 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15572062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The robust advances in pain management for companion animals underlie the decision of the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) and American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) to expand on the information provided in the 2007 AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines. The 2015 Guidelines summarize and offer a discriminating review of much of this new knowledge. RELEVANCE Pain management is central to veterinary practice, alleviating pain, improving patient outcomes, and enhancing both quality of life and the veterinarian-client-patient relationship. These Guidelines support veterinarians in incorporating pain management into practice, improving patient care. APPROACHES The management of pain requires a continuum of care that includes anticipation, early intervention, and evaluation of response on an individual patient basis. A team-oriented approach, including the owner, is essential for maximizing the recognition, prevention and treatment of pain in animals. EVIDENCE BASE The Guidelines include both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic modalities to manage pain; they are evidence-based insofar as possible and otherwise represent a consensus of expert opinion. Behavioral changes are currently the principal indicator of pain and its course of improvement or progression, and the basis for recently validated pain scores. Post-surgical pain is eminently predictable but a strong body of evidence exists supporting strategies to mitigate adaptive as well as maladaptive forms. Chronic pain is dominated by degenerative joint disease (DJD), which is one of the most significant and under-diagnosed diseases of cats and dogs. DJD is ubiquitous, found in pets of all ages, and inevitably progresses over time; evidence-based strategies for management are established in dogs, and emerging in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Epstein
- TotalBond Veterinary Hospitals PC, 3200 Union Road, Gastonia, NC 28056, USA
| | - Ilona Rodanm
- Cat Care Clinic and Feline-Friendly Consultations, 322 Junction Road, Madison, WI 53717, USA
| | - Gregg Griffenhagen
- Colorado State University School of Veterinary Medicine, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jamie Kadrlik
- Pet Crossing Animal Hospital and Dental Clinic, 10861 Bloomington Ferry Road, Bloomington, MN 55438, USA
| | - Michael C Petty
- Arbor Pointe Veterinary Hospital/Animal Pain Center, 42043 Ford Road, Canton, MI 48187, USA
| | - Sheilah A Robertson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Wendy Simpson
- Morrisville Cat Hospital, 100 Keybridge Drive, Suite A, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
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Kögel B, Terlinden R, Schneider J. Characterisation of tramadol, morphine and tapentadol in an acute pain model in Beagle dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014; 41:297-304. [PMID: 24576316 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the analgesic potential of the centrally acting analgesics tramadol, morphine and the novel analgesic tapentadol in a pre-clinical research model of acute nociceptive pain, the tail-flick model in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective part-randomized pre-clinical research trial. ANIMALS Fifteen male Beagle dogs (HsdCpb:DOBE), aged 12-15 months. METHODS On different occasions separated by at least 1 week, dogs received intravenous (IV) administrations of tramadol (6.81, 10.0 mg kg(-1) ), tapentadol (2.15, 4.64, 6.81 mg kg(-1) ) or morphine (0.464, 0.681, 1.0 mg kg(-1) ) with subsequent measurement of tail withdrawal latencies from a thermal stimulus (for each treatment n = 5). Blood samples were collected immediately after the pharmacodynamic measurements of tramadol to determine pharmacokinetics and the active metabolite O-demethyltramadol (M1). RESULTS Tapentadol and morphine induced dose-dependent antinociception with ED50-values of 4.3 mg kg(-1) and 0.71 mg kg(-1) , respectively. In contrast, tramadol did not induce antinociception at any dose tested. Measurements of the serum levels of tramadol and the M1 metabolite revealed only marginal amounts of the M1 metabolite, which explains the absence of the antinociceptive effect of tramadol in this experimental pain model in dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Different breeds of dogs might not or only poorly respond to treatment with tramadol due to low metabolism of the drug. Tapentadol and morphine which act directly on μ-opioid receptors without the need for metabolic activation are demonstrated to induce potent antinociception in the experimental model used and should also provide a reliable pain management in the clinical situation. The non-opioid mechanisms of tramadol do not provide antinociception in this experimental setting. This contrasts to many clinical situations described in the literature, where tramadol appears to provide useful analgesia in dogs for post-operative pain relief and in more chronically pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette Kögel
- Grünenthal GmbH, Grünenthal Innovation, Global Preclinical R&D, Aachen, Germany
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