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Polton G, Borrego JF, Clemente-Vicario F, Clifford CA, Jagielski D, Kessler M, Kobayashi T, Lanore D, Queiroga FL, Rowe AT, Vajdovich P, Bergman PJ. Melanoma of the dog and cat: consensus and guidelines. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1359426. [PMID: 38645640 PMCID: PMC11026649 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1359426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma of the dog and cat poses a clinical challenge to veterinary practitioners across the globe. As knowledge evolves, so too do clinical practices. However, there remain uncertainties and controversies. There is value for the veterinary community at large in the generation of a contemporary wide-ranging guideline document. The aim of this project was therefore to assimilate the available published knowledge into a single accessible referenced resource and to provide expert clinical guidance to support professional colleagues as they navigate current melanoma challenges and controversies. Melanocytic tumors are common in dogs but rare in cats. The history and clinical signs relate to the anatomic site of the melanoma. Oral and subungual malignant melanomas are the most common malignant types in dogs. While many melanocytic tumors are heavily pigmented, making diagnosis relatively straightforward, melanin pigmentation is variable. A validated clinical stage scheme has been defined for canine oral melanoma. For all other locations and for feline melanoma, TNM-based staging applies. Certain histological characteristics have been shown to bear prognostic significance and can thus prove instructive in clinical decision making. Surgical resection using wide margins is currently the mainstay of therapy for the local control of melanomas, regardless of primary location. Radiotherapy forms an integral part of the management of canine oral melanomas, both as a primary and an adjuvant therapy. Adjuvant immunotherapy or chemotherapy is offered to patients at high risk of developing distant metastasis. Location is the major prognostic factor, although it is not completely predictive of local invasiveness and metastatic potential. There are no specific guidelines regarding referral considerations for dogs with melanoma, as this is likely based on a multitude of factors. The ultimate goal is to provide the best options for patients to extend quality of life and survival, either within the primary care or referral hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, United Kingdom
| | - Juan F. Borrego
- Hospital Aúna Especialidades Veterinarias IVC Evidensia, Paterna, Spain
| | | | | | - Dariusz Jagielski
- Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Martin Kessler
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tierklinik Hofheim, Hofheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Péter Vajdovich
- Department of Physiology and Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Philip J. Bergman
- VCA Clinical Studies, Katonah-Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, NY, United States
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2
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Grisoni Sanchez C, Figueiredo ML, de Sartori Camargo L, Benevenuto LGD, Lacerda ZA, Fonseca-Alves CE. Is Osteopontin a Good Marker for Bone Metastasis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumor and Prostate Cancer? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3211. [PMID: 37893935 PMCID: PMC10603680 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein synthesized by a large number of cells, and its overexpression has been associated with the development and prognosis of cancer. OPN overexpression has been claimed to be a marker for the development of bone metastasis in human cancers, but no prior research has investigated the association between OPN expression and the metastasis of canine mammary gland tumors (MGTs) and prostate cancer (PC). Therefore, we investigated OPN expression in MGTs and PC samples from 50 canine patients with or without metastasis (bone vs. other sites). Higher OPN expression was detected in primary tumor samples from animals with bone metastasis than in those without bone involvement (p = 0.0321). In MGT samples, a significantly lower survival rate was observed in patients with higher OPN expression (p = 0.0171). In animals with PC, there was a strong trend toward lower survival in animals with positive OPN expression; however, this trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.0779). From these findings, it can be concluded that OPN may be a promising target for future MGTs and PC studies because of its role in enhancing cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laíza de Sartori Camargo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18610-160, Brazil; (L.d.S.C.); (L.G.D.B.); (Z.A.L.)
| | - Luiz Guilherme Dercore Benevenuto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18610-160, Brazil; (L.d.S.C.); (L.G.D.B.); (Z.A.L.)
| | - Zara Alves Lacerda
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18610-160, Brazil; (L.d.S.C.); (L.G.D.B.); (Z.A.L.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University-UNIP, Bauru 17048-290, Brazil;
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18610-160, Brazil; (L.d.S.C.); (L.G.D.B.); (Z.A.L.)
- Veterinary Oncology Clinic—SEOVET, São Paulo 05016-000, Brazil
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3
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Wright TF, Brisson BA, Belanger CR, Tiessen A, Sabine V, Skowronski K, Wood GA, Oblak ML, Mutsaers AJ, Sears W, Bienzle D. Quantification of circulating tumour cells over time in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:541-550. [PMID: 37337253 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Enumeration of circulating tumour cells (CTC) has shown promise for prognostication and guidance of therapeutic decisions in human cancers. The objective of this study was to enumerate CTC over time in dogs with naturally occurring osteosarcoma (OSA), and to determine correlation with patient outcome. Twenty-six dogs with OSA and no evidence of metastatic disease at the time of amputation were enrolled. Dogs were assessed for lung metastases and CTC prior to and following amputation, and at each chemotherapy visit. Twenty-one dogs completed the study. Nineteen dogs were euthanized and two were alive and free of metastases. Overall survival time ranged from 88 to 1058 days (median survival time (MST) 374 days). Increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity, advanced age, and higher body weight were significantly associated with lower MST. Dogs with OSA had a mean of 356 (0 to 4443) CTC/106 leukocytes. In 12 of 15 dogs that developed radiographic evidence of metastasis, a pre-metastatic CTC spike was retrospectively detectable on average 36.5 (1-100 days) days prior to metastasis and was associated with significantly shorter MST (301 ± 64 vs. 626 ± 55 days; p = .0107). In a multivariable analysis, dogs with a CTC spike were 10× more likely to die compared with those without. These results suggest that a spike in CTC frequency precedes detection of metastasis in dogs with OSA and is associated with shorter survival. More frequent enumeration of CTC in a larger cohort of dogs with OSA may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya F Wright
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brigitte A Brisson
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine R Belanger
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Tiessen
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Sabine
- The Animal Cancer Centre, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolina Skowronski
- The Animal Cancer Centre, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle L Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Sears
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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De Nardi AB, de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes C, Fonseca-Alves CE, de Paiva FN, Linhares LCM, Carra GJU, dos Santos Horta R, Ruiz Sueiro FA, Jark PC, Nishiya AT, de Carvalho Vasconcellos CH, Ubukata R, Batschinski K, Sobral RA, Fernandes SC, Biondi LR, De Francisco Strefezzi R, Matera JM, Rangel MMM, dos Anjos DS, Brunner CHM, Laufer-Amorim R, Cadrobbi KG, Cirillo JV, Martins MC, de Paula Reis Filho N, Silva Lessa DF, Portela R, Scarpa Carneiro C, Ricci Lucas SR, Fukumasu H, Feliciano MAR, Gomes Quitzan J, Dagli MLZ. Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Hemangiosarcoma: A Review Based on a Consensus Organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology, ABROVET. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072025. [PMID: 37046686 PMCID: PMC10093745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemangiosarcoma is a mesenchymal neoplasm originating in the endothelial cells of blood vessels; they can be classified as non-visceral and visceral types. Non-visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and muscle tissues; visceral hemangiosarcomas can affect the spleen, liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, oral cavity, bones, bladder, uterus, tongue, and retroperitoneum. Among domestic species, dogs are most affected by cutaneous HSA. Cutaneous HSA represents approximately 14% of all HSA diagnosed in this species and less than 5% of dermal tumors, according to North American studies. However, Brazilian epidemiological data demonstrate a higher prevalence, which may represent 27 to 80% of all canine HSAs and 13.9% of all skin neoplasms diagnosed in this species. Cutaneous HSA most commonly affects middle-aged to elderly dogs (between 8 and 15 years old), with no gender predisposition for either the actinic or non-actinic forms. The higher prevalence of cutaneous HSA in some canine breeds is related to lower protection from solar radiation, as low skin pigmentation and hair coverage lead to greater sun exposure. Actinic changes, such as solar dermatosis, are frequent in these patients, confirming the influence of solar radiation on the development of this neoplasm. There are multiple clinical manifestations of hemangiosarcoma in canines. The diagnostic approach and staging classification of cutaneous HSAs are similar between the different subtypes. The definitive diagnosis is obtained through histopathological analysis of incisional or excisional biopsies. Cytology can be used as a presurgical screening test; however, it has little diagnostic utility in cases of HSA because there is a high risk of blood contamination and sample hemodilution. Surgery is generally the treatment of choice for dogs with localized non-visceral HSA without evidence of metastatic disease. Recently, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as an alternative therapy for the local ablative treatment of different neoplastic types; the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of dogs with cutaneous HSA is uncommon. There is greater consensus in the literature regarding the indications for adjuvant chemotherapy in subcutaneous and muscular HSA; doxorubicin is the most frequently used antineoplastic agent for subcutaneous and muscular subtypes and can be administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Other therapies include antiangiogenic therapy, photodynamic therapy, the association of chemotherapy with the metronomic dose, targeted therapies, and natural products. The benefits of these therapies are presented and discussed. In general, the prognosis of splenic and cardiac HSA is unfavorable. As a challenging neoplasm, studies of new protocols and treatment modalities are necessary to control this aggressive disease.
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Faletti T, Seguin B, Selmic LE, Lapsley J, Worley D, Griffin M, Tremolada G. Potential Seeding From Fine-Needle Aspiration of an Axial Osteosarcoma: A Case Report. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:847933. [PMID: 35573421 PMCID: PMC9101296 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.847933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the first potential case of seeding after fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of a rib osteosarcoma in a dog. An 8-year-old, 28-kg female spayed Golden Retriever was presented to her primary veterinarian with a 3-week history of a 3-cm firm, unpainful, immobile mass arising from the 9th rib. The mass was aspirated and submitted for cytological examination. A subcutaneous nodule developed several days after the FNA was performed in a location immediately overlying but distinct from the primary rib tumor on palpation. Both the primary mass and the newly diagnosed subcutaneous nodule were biopsied and were consistent with an osteosarcoma. Although it cannot be ruled out that the subcutaneous lesion was metastatic, seeding was a reasonable explanation based on where the new mass was located and how quickly it appeared after the FNA was performed. The aim of this case report was to describe the possibility of tumor seeding during FNA for osteosarcoma. It is the authors' opinion that utility of cytological diagnosis of bone tumors outweighs the risk of possible seeding and should continue to be used as a routine diagnostic test for the diagnosis of aggressive bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Faletti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bernard Seguin
- College of Veterinary Medicine Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Laura Elizabeth Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Janis Lapsley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Deanna Worley
- College of Veterinary Medicine Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Maureen Griffin
- College of Veterinary Medicine Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Giovanni Tremolada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Tremolada
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6
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Brody A, Crooks JC, French JM, Lang LG, Randall EK, Griffin LR. Staging canine patients with appendicular osteosarcoma utilizing fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography compared to whole body computed tomography. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:541-550. [PMID: 35166445 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the diagnostic performance of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging veterinary patients with appendicular osteosarcoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 18 F-FDG-PET/CT compared to whole-body CT (WBCT) for staging canine patients with appendicular osteosarcoma. The 18 F-FDG-PET/CT imaging studies of 66 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were anonymized and separated into two detached studies (one with whole body pre- and post-contrast CT images and the other with the whole body pre- and post-contrast CT images with the associated 18 F-FDG-PET overlay). Image assessment was performed retrospectively by five board-certified veterinary radiologists. The radiologists were instructed to assign a predefined categorical score to each pre-designated anatomic region based on a devised lesional scoring system. A score of 1 was normal, 2 abnormal but not neoplastic, 3 abnormal and concerning for neoplasia, and 4 abnormal, most likely neoplastic. Overall, the likelihood of detection of '3 or 4' was found to be significantly higher with 18 F-FDG PET/CT when compared to WBCT after adjusting for the effect of evaluator and the subject. Most significantly, 13 osseous lesions concerning for metastasis (scored 3-4) were identified in 10/66 dogs by at least one reviewer on 18 F-FDG PET/CT, which were not identified by any reviewer on WBCT. Additionally, four comorbid neoplastic lesions were identified with 18 F-FDG PET/CT and not with WBCT. The results of this study suggest that 18 F-FDG PET/CT is more efficacious in detecting metastatic and comorbid neoplastic lesions compared to WBCT in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Brody
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 (Brody, Crooks, Lang, Randall, Griffin). Antech Imaging Services, 17620 Mt Herrmann St. Fountain Valley, California 92708, (French) United States
| | - J Clifton Crooks
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 (Brody, Crooks, Lang, Randall, Griffin). Antech Imaging Services, 17620 Mt Herrmann St. Fountain Valley, California 92708, (French) United States
| | - John M French
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 (Brody, Crooks, Lang, Randall, Griffin). Antech Imaging Services, 17620 Mt Herrmann St. Fountain Valley, California 92708, (French) United States
| | - Linda G Lang
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 (Brody, Crooks, Lang, Randall, Griffin). Antech Imaging Services, 17620 Mt Herrmann St. Fountain Valley, California 92708, (French) United States
| | - Elissa K Randall
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 (Brody, Crooks, Lang, Randall, Griffin). Antech Imaging Services, 17620 Mt Herrmann St. Fountain Valley, California 92708, (French) United States
| | - Lynn R Griffin
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 (Brody, Crooks, Lang, Randall, Griffin). Antech Imaging Services, 17620 Mt Herrmann St. Fountain Valley, California 92708, (French) United States
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7
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Siddle MR, Desprez I, Dickinson RM, MacDonald V, Parker DL. Forelimb amputation for the treatment of distal radius osteosarcoma in an African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Crooks C, Randall E, Griffin L. The use of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography as an effective method for staging in dogs with primary appendicular osteosarcoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 62:350-359. [PMID: 33629412 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been utilized in veterinary medicine to improve the detection and characterization of primary, recurrent, and secondary neoplasms; but its use as a staging tool for dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma has not been published. The purpose of this retrospective, case series, descriptive study was to detail the use of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for staging a population of dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma, report the detection rate of secondary neoplastic lesions, and compare findings with published detection rates for other historically used imaging modalities. Seventy-one client-owned dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma and staged with a whole-body 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan near the time of initial diagnosis were included. Each PET/CT study was re-evaluated for malignancy distinct from the primary disease entity based on a collective qualitative and quantitative assessment of 18 F-FDG uptake, CT appearance, and contrast enhancement characteristics. Following re-evaluation of each study, information pertaining to tissue sampling performed on identified lesions was retrieved from the medical record when available. Staging with 18 F-FDG PET/CT identified 17 of 71 (23.9%) and 12 of 71 (16.3%) dogs with a high suspicion or confirmation of a metastatic or comorbid malignant neoplasm respectively, with eight of 71 (11.3%) having both metastatic and comorbid lesions. The results of this study are suggestive that 18 F-FDG PET/CT is effective in identifying both osseous and soft tissue secondary neoplastic lesions in dogs afflicted with appendicular osteosarcoma, yielding an increased detection rate of all lesions compared those previously reported for skeletal scintigraphy or whole-body CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifton Crooks
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (ERHS), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Elissa Randall
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (ERHS), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lynn Griffin
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (ERHS), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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9
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Lapsley J, Selmic LE. Common Neoplastic Diseases Affecting the Forelimb. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 51:343-356. [PMID: 33446363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lameness, new swelling, or mass occurrence are the most common reasons for presentation when neoplasia affects the limbs. Tumors of the skin or subcutaneous tissues, joints, muscles, bones, or digits of the forelimb are reported. Diagnosis with fine needle aspiration or biopsy is necessary before treatment to allow staging, planning of treatment, and prognostication. The planning of surgical treatment of limb tumors is essential to maximize the chance of a complete resection on the first surgery, given that less skin is available for primary closure in subsequent revision or recurrence surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Lapsley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp Street, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp Street, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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10
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Mosca A, Greville‐Heygate O, Constantino‐Casas F, Giuliano A, Dobson JM. Mediastinal T‐cell lymphoma with presumed secondary monostotic long bone involvement in the absence of local recurrence. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mosca
- Department of Veterinary MedicineCambridge UniversityCambridgeUK
| | | | | | - Antonio Giuliano
- Department of Veterinary MedicineCambridge UniversityCambridgeUK
| | - Jane M Dobson
- Department of Veterinary MedicineCambridge UniversityCambridgeUK
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11
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Wright T, Brisson BA, Wood GA, Oblak M, Mutsaers AJ, Sabine V, Skowronski K, Belanger C, Tiessen A, Bienzle D. Flow Cytometric Detection of Circulating Osteosarcoma Cells in Dogs. Cytometry A 2019; 95:997-1007. [PMID: 31282052 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant tumor of middle-aged dogs and adolescent humans. The clinical outcome of OSA has not improved over more than three decades, and dogs typically succumb to metastatic disease within 6 months despite tumor resection through limb amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, undetectable tumor cells with potential to form metastases are present at diagnosis. An assay to identify canine immortalized and primary OSA cells through flow cytometric detection of intracellular collagen 1 (Col I) and osteocalcin was optimized, and applied to blood samples from tumor-bearing dogs for detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Spiking variable number of OSA cells into normal dog blood recovered 50-60% of Col I positive cells with high forward and variable side light scatter. An algorithm to exclude nonviable, doublet, and autofluorescent cells was applied to sequential blood samples from three dogs obtained prior to and after limb amputation, and at approximately, triweekly intervals over 121, 142, and 183 days of chemotherapy, respectively. Dogs had >100 CTC/106 leukocytes prior to amputation, variably frequent CTC during chemotherapy, and an increase up to 4,000 CTC/106 leukocytes within 4 weeks before overt metastases or death. Sorted CTCs were morphologically similar to direct tumor aspirates and positive for Col I. Although preliminary, findings suggest that CTCs are frequent in canine OSA, more numerous than carcinoma CTC in humans, and that an increase in CTC frequency may herald clinical deterioration. This assay may enable enumeration and isolation of OSA CTC for prognostic and functional studies, respectively. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Wright
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brigitte A Brisson
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Sabine
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Animal Cancer Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolina Skowronski
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Animal Cancer Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Belanger
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Tiessen
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Diessner BJ, Marko TA, Scott RM, Eckert AL, Stuebner KM, Hohenhaus AE, Selting KA, Largaespada DA, Modiano JF, Spector LG. A comparison of risk factors for metastasis at diagnosis in humans and dogs with osteosarcoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3216-3226. [PMID: 31006987 PMCID: PMC6558582 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine osteosarcoma (OS) is a relevant spontaneous model for human OS. Identifying similarities in clinical characteristics associated with metastasis at diagnosis in both species may substantiate research aimed at using canine OS as a model for identifying mechanisms driving distant spread in the human disease. Methods This retrospective study included dog OS cases from three academic veterinary hospitals and human OS cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Associations between clinical factors and metastasis at diagnosis were estimated using logistic regression models. Results In humans, those with trunk tumors had higher odds of metastasis at diagnosis compared to those with lower limb tumors (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.51, 3.69). A similar observation was seen in dogs with trunk tumors compared to dogs with forelimb tumors (OR = 3.28, 95% CI 1.36, 7.50). Other associations were observed in humans but not in dogs. Humans aged 20‐29 years had lower odds of metastasis at diagnosis compared to those aged 10‐14 years (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.96); every 1‐cm increase in tumor size was associated with a 6% increase in the odds of metastasis at diagnosis (95% CI: 1.04, 1.08); compared to those with a white, non‐Hispanic race, higher odds were observed among those with a black, non‐Hispanic race (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.16), and those with a Hispanic origin (OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.81). Conclusion A common mechanism may be driving trunk tumors to progress to detectable metastasis prior to diagnosis in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Diessner
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Tracy A Marko
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ruth M Scott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Andrea L Eckert
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Kathleen M Stuebner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | | | - Kim A Selting
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Logan G Spector
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
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13
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Lamb CR, Whitlock J, Foster‐Yeow ATL. Prevalence of pulmonary nodules in dogs with malignant neoplasia as determined by CT. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:300-305. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Lamb
- Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary College Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - James Whitlock
- Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary College Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T. L. Foster‐Yeow
- Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary College Hertfordshire United Kingdom
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14
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Hans EC, Pinard C, van Nimwegen SA, Kirpensteijn J, Singh A, MacEachern S, Naber S, Dudley RM. Effect of surgical site infection on survival after limb amputation in the curative‐intent treatment of canine appendicular osteosarcoma: a Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology retrospective study. Vet Surg 2018; 47:E88-E96. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Hans
- MedVet Medical and Cancer Center for Pets Worthington Ohio
| | - Chris Pinard
- Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - S. A. van Nimwegen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jolle Kirpensteijn
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ameet Singh
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | | | - Steven Naber
- Department of StatisticsThe Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
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15
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Piirainen KJ, Viitanen SJ, Lappalainen AK, Mölsä SH. Intraluminal tracheal lipoma as a rare cause of dyspnoea in a dog. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:59. [PMID: 30261909 PMCID: PMC6161456 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tracheal tumors are rarely diagnosed in veterinary medicine and the majority of tracheal neoplasia reported in adult dogs are malignant. Intratracheal lipoma has not been previously reported in the veterinary literature. Case presentation A 7-year-old Briard dog was evaluated for inspiratory dyspnoea and an inspiratory wheeze. Cervical radiographs and tracheoscopic examination revealed an intratracheal mass that was surgically removed. The dog has been asymptomatic after the surgery. Conclusions Based on histopathology, the mass was diagnosed as lipoma. To the authors‘ knowledge, this is the first published report of an intratracheal lipoma in the veterinary literature.
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16
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Vimentin, osteocalcin and osteonectin expression in canine primary bone tumors: diagnostic and prognostic implications. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1289-1296. [PMID: 30066297 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Canine primary bone tumors have a plastic radiographic image, demanding histopathological confirmation. Bone tumors are characterized by the type and amount of extracellular matrix produced what cannot be easily recognized, especially in biopsy samples. Identifying cellular markers that could aid diagnosis has supported various studies in oncological pathology. This study aimed to evaluate 22 canine primary bone neoplasms, establishing their histopathological diagnosis and evaluated vimentin, osteonectin and osteocalcin expression and their implication in diagnosis and prognosis. There were 12 productive osteoblastic osteosarcomas, six minimally productive osteoblastic osteosarcoma, two chondrosarcomas, one fibrosarcoma and one hemangiosarcoma. Immunostaining was cytoplasmatic in all cases, with average percentage of 87.9% for vimentin, 98.0% for osteonectin and 99.9% for osteocalcin. In this last case, only osteosarcomas were considered. Intensity was higher in vimentin labeling (+++), followed by osteonectin (++) and osteocalcin (+). One osteosarcoma showed negative immunostaining for vimentin and of samples submitted to anti-osteocalcin immunostaining, three osteosarcomas and one fibrosarcoma had negative staining. Besides identifying mesenchymal origin, vimentin elevated expression in canine bone tumors can be related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to more aggressive tumoral phenotypes and metastasis development. Similarly, high osteonectin expression is implicated in neoplastic cell invasion and is also related to metastasis spread. Decreased osteocalcin expression was found in some osteosarcoma samples and can be related to poor prognosis, as in human osteosarcomas. Our findings suggest that vimentin, osteonectin and osteocalcin not only aid diagnosis but can be related to prognosis in canine primary bone tumors, especially osteosarcomas and its osteoblastic subtype.
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17
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Anesi S, Parry AT, Monti P, Elliott J. Radiographic appearance of an osseous metastasis to the distal radius from a transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Anesi
- Intern, Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral CentreSolihullUK
| | - Andrew T Parry
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingWillows Veterinary Centre and Referral CentreSolihullUK
| | - Paola Monti
- Department of Clinical PathologyDWR DiagnosticSix Mile BottomUK
| | - James Elliott
- Department of OncologyWillows Veterinary Centre and Referral CentreSolihullUK
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18
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Talbott JL, Boston SE, Milner RJ, Lejeune A, Souza CHDM, Kow K, Bacon NJ, Hernandez JA. Retrospective Evaluation of Whole Body Computed Tomography for Tumor Staging in Dogs with Primary Appendicular Osteosarcoma. Vet Surg 2016; 46:75-80. [PMID: 27906470 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whole body computed tomography (CT) for staging canine appendicular osteosarcoma. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma (n=39). METHODS Medical records for client-owned dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma from August 2008 to July 2014 were reviewed. Dogs were included if they had a confirmed diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma and were staged using whole body CT. Data collected included signalment, body weight, primary tumor location, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, findings on 3-view thoracic radiographs, cytologic or histologic results, and findings on CT. RESULTS Thirty-nine dogs (median age 8.5 years; median body weight 37 kg) had osteosarcoma of the distal radius (n=17), proximal humerus (11) and other sites. Serum ALP activity was elevated in 14 dogs. Bone metastasis was not detected in any dog on whole body CT. Pulmonary metastasis was considered definitive on CT based on board certified radiologist assessment in 2/39 dogs (5%). Two additional dogs (2/39, 5%) had soft tissue masses diagnosed on CT, consistent with concurrent, non-metastatic malignancies. CONCLUSION Bone metastases were not identified in any dog with whole body CT. Thoracic and abdominal CT detected lung lesions and concurrent neoplasia in dogs with primary appendicular osteosarcoma. Whole body CT may be a useful adjunct to other screening tests for disseminated malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Talbott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sarah E Boston
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rowan J Milner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Carlos H de M Souza
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kelvin Kow
- University of Surrey School of Veterinary Medicine, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Bacon
- University of Surrey School of Veterinary Medicine, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge A Hernandez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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19
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Selmic LE, Griffin LR, Nolan MW, Custis J, Randall E, Withrow SJ. Use of PET/CT and Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteosarcoma Metastases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 53:52-58. [PMID: 27841678 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This case report describes the use of two new concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma (OSA) in one dog. The dog was initially presented for positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) as full-body staging following amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of OSA of the proximal tibia. The initial PET/CT did not show evidence of metastatic disease. Six mo after OSA, diagnosis pulmonary metastatic nodules were identified and oral toceranib phosphate was initiated. Twelve mo postdiagnosis the dog developed neck pain and non-ambulatory tetraparesis and was diagnosed with a C7 vertebral metastatic lesion based on magnetic resonance imaging. A second PET/CT was performed to screen for further metastatic lesions, and a nodule within the right ischium was identified. The C7 and ischial lesions were treated with stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT). Sixteen mo postdiagnosis, a third PET/CT was performed due to increasing size of the pulmonary nodules and a right-sided liver metastasis was detected. The liver mass was treated with SRT. The PET/CT scans facilitated identification of gross metastatic lesions that were subsequently treated with SRT, which resulted in clinical improvement of the dog's neurological signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elizabeth Selmic
- From the Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences (L.E.S., S.J.W.), and the Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (L.R.G., M.W.N., J.C., E.R.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lynn R Griffin
- From the Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences (L.E.S., S.J.W.), and the Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (L.R.G., M.W.N., J.C., E.R.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Michael W Nolan
- From the Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences (L.E.S., S.J.W.), and the Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (L.R.G., M.W.N., J.C., E.R.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - James Custis
- From the Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences (L.E.S., S.J.W.), and the Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (L.R.G., M.W.N., J.C., E.R.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Elissa Randall
- From the Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences (L.E.S., S.J.W.), and the Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (L.R.G., M.W.N., J.C., E.R.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Stephen J Withrow
- From the Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences (L.E.S., S.J.W.), and the Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences (L.R.G., M.W.N., J.C., E.R.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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20
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Ballegeer EA. Computed Tomography of the Musculoskeletal System. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2016; 46:373-420, v. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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