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Ayers J, Milner RJ, Cortés-Hinojosa G, Riva A, Bechtel S, Sahay B, Cascio M, Lejeune A, Shiomitsu K, Souza C, Hernandez O, Salute M. Novel application of single-cell next-generation sequencing for determination of intratumoral heterogeneity of canine osteosarcoma cell lines. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:261-278. [PMID: 33446089 PMCID: PMC7944434 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720985242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a highly aggressive and metastatic neoplasm of both the canine and human patient and is the leading form of osseous neoplasia in both species worldwide. To gain deeper insight into the heterogeneous and genetically chaotic nature of OSA, we applied single-cell transcriptome (scRNA-seq) analysis to 4 canine OSA cell lines. This novel application of scRNA-seq technology to the canine genome required uploading the CanFam3.1 reference genome into an analysis pipeline (10X Genomics Cell Ranger); this methodology has not been reported previously in the canine species, to our knowledge. The scRNA-seq outputs were validated by comparing them to cDNA expression from reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing bulk analysis of 4 canine OSA cell lines (COS31, DOUG, POS, and HMPOS) for 11 genes implicated in the pathogenesis of canine OSA. The scRNA-seq outputs revealed the significant heterogeneity of gene transcription expression patterns within the cell lines investigated (COS31 and DOUG). The scRNA-seq data showed 10 distinct clusters of similarly shared transcriptomic expression patterns in COS31; 12 clusters were identified in DOUG. In addition, cRNA-seq analysis provided data for integration into the Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software for canonical pathway analysis. Of the 81 distinct pathways identified within the clusters, 33 had been implicated in the pathogenesis of OSA, of which 18 had not been reported previously in canine OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Ayers
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Rowan J Milner
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - Alberto Riva
- ICBR Bioinformatics Core, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Sandra Bechtel
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Bikash Sahay
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Matthew Cascio
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Keijiro Shiomitsu
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Carlos Souza
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Oscar Hernandez
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Marc Salute
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
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Abstract
Pet dogs are becoming increasingly recognized as a population with the potential to inform medical research through their treatment for a variety of maladies by veterinary health professionals. This is the basis of the One Health initiative, supporting the idea of collaboration between human and animal health researchers and clinicians to study spontaneous disease processes and treatment in animals to inform human health. Cancer is a major health burden in pet dogs, accounting for approximately 30% of deaths across breeds. As such, pet dogs with cancer are becoming increasingly recognized as a resource for studying the pharmacology and therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs and therapies under development. This was recently highlighted by a National Academy of Medicine Workshop on Comparative Oncology that took place in mid-2015 (http://www.nap.edu/21830). One component of cancer burden in dogs is their significantly higher incidence of sarcomas as compared to humans. This increased incidence led to canine osteosarcoma being an important component in the development of surgical approaches for osteosarcoma in children. Included in this review of sarcomas in dogs is a description of the incidence, pathology, molecular characteristics and previous translational therapeutic studies associated with these tumors. An understanding of the patho-physiological and molecular characteristics of these naturally occurring canine sarcomas holds great promise for effective incorporation into drug development schemas, for evaluation of target modulation or other pharmacodynamic measures associated with therapeutic response. These data could serve to supplement other preclinical data and bolster clinical investigations in tumor types for which there is a paucity of human patients for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Gustafson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Dawn L Duval
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Chen C, Zhao M, Tian A, Zhang X, Yao Z, Ma X. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling drives proliferation of bone sarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17570-83. [PMID: 25999350 PMCID: PMC4627329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas such as osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma are frequently refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy that exhibit poor prognosis. The Wnt signaling are evolutionarily conserved and implicated in cell proliferation and sarcomagenesis. However, the potential role of the Wnt signaling in bone sarcomas is still unclear. Here we demonstrate aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone sarcoma cells, involving an autocrine Wnt signaling loop with upregulation of specific Wnt ligands and receptors. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with Wnt3a or GSK-3β inhibitor drives the proliferation of bone sarcoma cells, whereas downregulation of activated Wnt signaling with dnTCF4 or siLEF1 suppresses bone sarcoma proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. Taken together, our findings establish the evidence that aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway involving an autocrine Wnt singaling drives the proliferation of bone sarcoma cells, and identify the autocrine activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a potential novel therapeutic target for bone sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbao Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Aixian Tian
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
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de Sá Rodrigues LC, Holmes KE, Thompson V, Newton MA, Stein TJ. Tumourigenic canine osteosarcoma cell lines associated with frizzled-6 up-regulation and enhanced side population cell frequency. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:78-93. [PMID: 25689105 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An increased serum alkaline phosphatase concentration is known to be associated with a negative prognosis in canine and human osteosarcoma. To expand upon previous studies regarding the biological relevance of increased serum alkaline phosphatase as a negative prognostic factor, xenogeneic heterotopic transplants were performed using six canine primary osteosarcoma cell lines generated from patients with differing serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations (three normal and three increased). Three of the six cell lines were capable of generating tumours and tumour formation was independent of the serum alkaline phosphatase status of the cell line. Microarray analysis identified 379 genes as being differentially expressed between the tumourigenic and non-tumourigenic cell lines. Frizzled-6 was upregulated to the greatest extent (7.78-fold) in tumourigenic cell lines compared with non-tumourigenic cell lines. Frizzled-6, a co-receptor for Wnt ligands has been associated with enhanced tumour-initiating cells and poor prognosis for other tumours. The increased expression of frizzled-6 was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and Western blot analysis. Additionally, the tumourigenic cell lines also had an increase in the percentage of side population cells compared with non-tumourigenic cell lines (5.89% versus 1.58%, respectively). There were no differences in tumourigenicity, frizzled-6 or percentage of side population cells noted between osteosarcoma cell lines generated from patients of differing serum alkaline phosphatase concentration. However, to our knowledge this is the first study to identified frizzled-6 as a possible marker of osteosarcoma cell populations with enhanced tumourigenicity and side population cells. Future work will focus on defining the role of frizzled-6 in osteosarcoma tumourigenesis and tumour-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C de Sá Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K E Holmes
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - V Thompson
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M A Newton
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T J Stein
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Institute for Clinical & Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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