1
|
Govoni VM, Pigoli C, Brambilla E, Ruiz Sueiro FA, Torres Neto R, Laufer-Amorim R, Gomes Quitzan J, Grieco V, Fonseca-Alves CE. Caveolin-1, GATA-3, and Ki67 expressions and their correlation with pathological findings in canine bladder urothelial carcinoma. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:986269. [PMID: 36299636 PMCID: PMC9589490 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.986269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) represents ~2% of malignant neoplasms in dogs and is a therapeutic challenge in veterinary medicine. Although it is considered the most common bladder cancer in dogs, few previous studies have investigated different markers that correlate with clinical and pathological parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate Caveolin-1, GATA-3, and Ki67 immunostaining in canine UC samples to evaluate their correlations with histopathological variables. Thirty tumor samples were obtained, and Caveolin-1, GATA-3, and Ki67 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and associated with pathological factors by univariate and multivariate analyses. Among the histopathological findings, lymphatic invasion was identified in 53.33% of the tumors, and the mean mitotic count (MC) was 31.82 ± 26.26. Caveolin-1 showed mild-to-high cytoplasmic expression in neoplastic cells, whereas GATA-3 showed mild-to-high nuclear expression. The Ki67 expression revealed a mean of 24.14 ± 16.88% positive cells. In the univariate analysis, no association was found between each marker and the pathological findings. On the other hand, in multivariate analysis, we identified a positive correlation between GATA-3 and MC and a negative correlation between Caveolin-1 and MC. Moreover, lymphatic invasion was positively correlated with histological type and grade, and negatively correlated with MC. In addition, the histological type was positively correlated with the histological grade. Overall, our results indicate that Caveolin-1 and GATA-3 expression could be promising markers for bladder UC aggressiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Mollica Govoni
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Claudio Pigoli
- Laboratorio di Istologia, Sede Territoriale di Milano, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Brambilla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Renee Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Juliany Gomes Quitzan
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil,Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University – UNIP, Bauru, Brazil,*Correspondence: Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elbadawy M, Fujisaka K, Yamamoto H, Tsunedomi R, Nagano H, Ayame H, Ishihara Y, Mori T, Azakami D, Uchide T, Fukushima R, Abugomaa A, Kaneda M, Yamawaki H, Shinohara Y, Omatsu T, Mizutani T, Usui T, Sasaki K. Establishment of an experimental model of normal dog bladder organoid using a three-dimensional culture method. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113105. [PMID: 35605292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dog bladder cancer (BC) is mostly muscle-invasive (MI) with poor prognosis, and its pathogenesis is close to human MIBC. Three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture ensures novel knowledge on cancer diseases including BC. Recently, we have established dog BC organoids (BCO) using their urine samples. BCO recapitulated the epithelial structures, characteristics, and drug sensitivity of BC-diseased dogs. However, organoids from dog normal bladder epithelium are not established yet. Therefore, the present study aimed to establish dog normal bladder organoids (NBO) for further understanding the pathogenesis of dog BC and human MIBC. The established NBO underwent various analyzes including cell marker expressions, histopathological structures, cancer-related gene expression patterns, and drug sensitivity. NBO could be produced non-invasively with a continuous culturing and recapitulated the structures and characteristics of the dog's normal bladder mucosal tissues. Different drug sensitivities were observed in each NBO. The analysis of RNA sequencing revealed that several novel genes were changed in NBO compared with BCO. NBO showed a higher expression of p53 and E-cadherin, but a lower expression of MDM2 and Twist1 compared with BCO. These results suggest that NBO could be a promising experimental 3D model for studying the developmental mechanisms of dog BC and human MIBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, Egypt.
| | - Kodai Fujisaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Haru Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ayame
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchide
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukushima
- Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Amira Abugomaa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi 23 ban-cho, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Pet Health & Food Division, Iskara Industry CO., LTD, 1-14-2, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Center for Infectious Diseases of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Center for Infectious Diseases of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nance RL, Sajib AM, Smith BF. Canine models of human cancer: Bridging the gap to improve precision medicine. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:67-99. [PMID: 35595353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dogs are remarkable, adaptable, and dependable creatures that have evolved alongside humans while contributing tremendously to our survival. Our canine companions share many similarities to human disease, particularly cancer. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing technology, we are beginning to unravel the complexity of cancer and the vast intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity that makes treatment difficult. Consequently, precision medicine has emerged as a therapeutic approach to improve patient survival by evaluating and classifying an individual tumor's molecular profile. Many canine and human cancers share striking similarities in terms of genotypic, phenotypic, clinical, and histological presentations. Dogs are superior to rodent models of cancer because they are a naturally heterogeneous population in which tumors occur spontaneously, are exposed to similar environmental conditions, and show more similarities in key modulators of tumorigenesis and clinical response, including the immune system, drug metabolism, and gut microbiome. In this chapter, we will explore various canine models of human cancers and emphasize the dog's critical role in advancing precision medicine and improving the survival of both man and man's best friend.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Nance
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Abdul Mohin Sajib
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Bruce F Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rasteiro AM, Sá e Lemos E, Oliveira PA, Gil da Costa RM. Molecular Markers in Urinary Bladder Cancer: Applications for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030107. [PMID: 35324835 PMCID: PMC8950778 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the urinary bladder is a neoplasm with considerable importance in veterinary medicine, given its high incidence in several domestic animal species and its life-threatening character. Bladder cancer in companion animals shows a complex and still poorly understood biopathology, and this lack of knowledge has limited therapeutic progress over the years. Even so, important advances concerning the identification of tumour markers with clinical applications at the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic levels have recently been made, for example, the identification of pathological BRAF mutations. Those advances are now facilitating the introduction of targeted therapies. The present review will address such advances, focusing on small animal oncology and providing the reader with an update on this field. When appropriate, comparisons will be drawn with bladder cancer in human patients, as well as with experimental models of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mafalda Rasteiro
- CEDIVET, Laboratório Clínico Veterinário, 4200-071 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.R.); (E.S.e.L.)
- Garden Veterinary Group, Chippenham SN15 1NQ, UK
| | - Eva Sá e Lemos
- CEDIVET, Laboratório Clínico Veterinário, 4200-071 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.R.); (E.S.e.L.)
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Rui M. Gil da Costa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto. CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Department of Morphology, University Hospital (HUUFMA), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nishimori T, Hanazono K, Matsuda K, Kawamura Y, Kadosawa T, Endo Y, Uchide T. Prognostic role of ΔNp63 expression in canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Open Vet J 2022; 11:700-706. [PMID: 35070867 PMCID: PMC8770170 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Decreased p63 protein expression in canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder is associated with vascular invasion of the tumor, metastasis, and shortened survival. ΔNp63, an isoform of p63, is downregulated in high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma in humans. However, the clinical significance of ΔNp63 expression in canine urinary bladder tumors is unknown. Therefore, it is essential to investigate ΔNp63 expression patterns in TCC, the most common urinary bladder tumor in dogs. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the expression and role of ΔNp63 in canine TCC of the urinary bladder. Methods ΔNp63 expression was compared between the normal canine urinary bladder, polypoid cystitis, and TCC. The correlation of ΔNp63 expression with histopathological and clinical findings were further evaluated, and its usefulness as a prognostic factor was examined. Results We observed that ΔNp63 was highly expressed in dogs' normal urinary bladder and polypoid cystitis, and its expression levels were low in TCC. Furthermore, low levels of ΔNp63 expression were associated with vascular invasion, metastasis, and shortened survival in dogs with TCC. Conclusion These results indicate that ΔNp63 expression could serve as a valuable biomarker for invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of canine TCC of the urinary bladder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiwamu Hanazono
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Matsuda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kawamura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadosawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Endo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchide
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsamouri MM, Steele TM, Mudryj M, Kent MS, Ghosh PM. Comparative Cancer Cell Signaling in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder in Dogs and Humans. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1472. [PMID: 34680588 PMCID: PMC8533305 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) is the most common type of bladder malignancy in humans, but also in dogs that represent a naturally occurring model for this disease. Dogs are immunocompetent animals that share risk factors, pathophysiological features, clinical signs and response to chemotherapeutics with human cancer patients. This review summarizes the fundamental pathways for canine MIUC initiation, progression, and metastasis, emerging therapeutic targets and mechanisms of drug resistance, and proposes new opportunities for potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics. Identifying similarities and differences between cancer signaling in dogs and humans is of utmost importance for the efficient translation of in vitro research to successful clinical trials for both species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Malvina Tsamouri
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Graduate Group in Integrative Pathobiology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas M. Steele
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael S. Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, CA 95655, USA; (T.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Brot S, Lothion-Roy J, Grau-Roma L, White E, Guscetti F, Rubin MA, Mongan NP. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation of canine prostate carcinoma with identification of common intraductal carcinoma component. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:38-49. [PMID: 33963663 PMCID: PMC9292867 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A limited number of species, including men and dogs, spontaneously develop prostate cancer (PC). The histological and molecular relevance of canine PC as a model for the disease in men remains controversial. To address this challenge, this study aimed to assess the histomorphology and expression of basal cell, urothelial and neuroendocrine markers [p63, high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), Uroplakin 3 (UPIII), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE)] in canine PC (n = 41). Based on histomorphology, 10/41 (24%), 21/41 (51%) and 9/41 (22%) were classified as adenocarcinoma (AC), urothelial carcinoma (UC), and mixed carcinoma, respectively. Tumour inflammation was common, frequently severe [20/41 (49%)], and associated with neutering (p < .02) and urothelial differentiation (p < .02). Most (36/40, 90%) cancers contained only rare cells with basal cell marker expression or were negative. The expression of UPIII was absent or weak in the majority (33/38, 87%) of tumours, with moderate to strong staining in the remaining cases. NSE expression in PC was rare and limited to 2/14 (14%) cases. Tumour extension into benign ducts and glands was a common finding with presence in 17/39 (44%) of carcinomas with and without urothelial differentiation. In conclusion, we confirm that canine PC is characterized by absent or weak expression of basal cell and urothelial markers. Although rare, NSE expression, potentially indicating neuroendocrine differentiation, is reported for the first time in canine PCa. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate with concurrent invasive PCa (IDCP‐inv) is a frequent, not previously described, finding in dogs with PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Brot
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Lothion-Roy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emily White
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vitti Gambim V, Laufer-Amorim R, Fonseca Alves RH, Grieco V, Fonseca-Alves CE. A Comparative Meta-Analysis and in silico Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Proteins in Canine and Human Bladder Cancer. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:558978. [PMID: 33304937 PMCID: PMC7701042 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.558978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine and human bladder cancer present similar anatomical, morphological, and molecular characteristics, and dogs can be considered a model for human bladder cancer. However, the veterinary literature lacks information regarding cross-validation analysis between human and canine large-scale data. Therefore, this research aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the canine literature on bladder cancer, identifying genes and proteins previously evaluated in these studies. In addition, we also performed a cross-validation of the canine transcriptome data and the human data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify potential markers for both species. The meta-analysis was performed using the following indexing terms: “bladder” AND “carcinoma” AND “dog” in different international databases, and 385 manuscripts were identified in our initial search. Then, several inclusion criteria were applied, and only 25 studies met these criteria. Among these studies, five presented transcriptome data, and 20 evaluated only isolated genes or proteins. Regarding the studies involving isolated protein analysis, the HER-2 protein was the most studied (3/20), followed by TAG-72 (2/20), COX-2 (2/20), survivin (2/20), and CK7 (2/20), and the remaining nine studies evaluated one isolated protein each. Regarding the cross-validation analysis of human and canine transcriptome data, we identified 35 dysregulated genes, including ERBB2, TP53, EGFR, and E2F2. Our results demonstrate that the canine literature on bladder cancer previously focused on the evaluation of isolated markers with no association with patient survival. This limitation may be related to the lack of a homogenous protocol for treating patients and the lack of follow-up during treatment. In addition, the lack of information regarding tumor muscle invasion can be considered an important limitation when comparing human and canine bladder tumors. Our in silico analysis involving canine and human transcriptome data provided several genes with the potential to be markers for both human and canine bladder tumors, and these genes should be considered for future studies on canine bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vitti Gambim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Renee Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University-UNIP, Bauru, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Knapp DW, Dhawan D, Ramos-Vara JA, Ratliff TL, Cresswell GM, Utturkar S, Sommer BC, Fulkerson CM, Hahn NM. Naturally-Occurring Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma in Dogs, a Unique Model to Drive Advances in Managing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in Humans. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1493. [PMID: 32039002 PMCID: PMC6985458 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a great need to improve the outlook for people facing urinary bladder cancer, especially for patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC) which is lethal in 50% of cases. Improved outcomes for patients with InvUC could come from advances on several fronts including emerging immunotherapies, targeted therapies, and new drug combinations; selection of patients most likely to respond to a given treatment based on molecular subtypes, immune signatures, and other characteristics; and prevention, early detection, and early intervention. Progress on all of these fronts will require clinically relevant animal models for translational research. The animal model(s) should possess key features that drive success or failure of cancer drugs in humans including tumor heterogeneity, genetic-epigenetic crosstalk, immune cell responsiveness, invasive and metastatic behavior, and molecular subtypes (e.g., luminal, basal). Experimental animal models, while essential in bladder cancer research, do not possess these collective features to accurately predict outcomes in humans. These key features, however, are present in naturally-occurring InvUC in pet dogs. Canine InvUC closely mimics muscle-invasive bladder cancer in humans in cellular and molecular features, molecular subtypes, immune response patterns, biological behavior (sites and frequency of metastasis), and response to therapy. Thus, dogs can offer a highly relevant animal model to complement other models in research for new therapies for bladder cancer. Clinical treatment trials in pet dogs with InvUC are considered a win-win-win scenario; the individual dog benefits from effective treatment, the results are expected to help other dogs, and the findings are expected to translate to better treatment outcomes in humans. In addition, the high breed-associated risk for InvUC in dogs (e.g., 20-fold increased risk in Scottish Terriers) offers an unparalleled opportunity to test new strategies in primary prevention, early detection, and early intervention. This review will provide an overview of canine InvUC, summarize the similarities (and differences) between canine and human InvUC, and provide evidence for the expanding value of this canine model in bladder cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah W Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - José A Ramos-Vara
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Gregory M Cresswell
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sagar Utturkar
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Breann C Sommer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christopher M Fulkerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Noah M Hahn
- Department of Oncology and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sommer BC, Dhawan D, Ratliff TL, Knapp DW. Naturally-Occurring Canine Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma: A Model for Emerging Therapies. Bladder Cancer 2018; 4:149-159. [PMID: 29732386 PMCID: PMC5929349 DOI: 10.3233/blc-170145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of targeted therapies and the resurgence of immunotherapy offer enormous potential to dramatically improve the outlook for patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC). Optimization of these therapies, however, is crucial as only a minority of patients achieve dramatic remission, and toxicities are common. With the complexities of the therapies, and the growing list of possible drug combinations to test, highly relevant animal models are needed to assess and select the most promising approaches to carry forward into human trials. The animal model(s) should possess key features that dictate success or failure of cancer drugs in humans including tumor heterogeneity, genetic-epigenetic crosstalk, immune cell responsiveness, invasive and metastatic behavior, and molecular subtypes (e.g., luminal, basal). While it may not be possible to create these collective features in experimental models, these features are present in naturally-occurring InvUC in pet dogs. Naturally occurring canine InvUC closely mimics muscle-invasive bladder cancer in humans in regards to cellular and molecular features, molecular subtypes, biological behavior (sites and frequency of metastasis), and response to therapy. Clinical treatment trials in pet dogs with InvUC are considered a win-win scenario; the individual dog benefits from effective treatment, the results are expected to help other dogs, and the findings are expected to translate to better treatment outcomes in humans. This review will provide an overview of canine InvUC, the similarities to the human condition, and the potential for dogs with InvUC to serve as a model to predict the outcomes of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breann C Sommer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Deborah W Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|