1
|
Marconato L, Comazzi S, Agnoli C, Aresu L, Stefanello D, Riondato F, Gamberini L, Sabattini S. Prognostic value of peripheral blood and bone marrow infiltration assessed by flow cytometry in dogs with de novo nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma receiving alkylating-rich chemotherapy. Vet J 2024; 303:106057. [PMID: 38086438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is highly aggressive in dogs and demonstrates a poor response to traditional chemotherapy. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the prognostic significance of peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) infiltration evaluated by flow cytometry (FC) in dogs with treatment-naïve and histologically confirmed PTCL. To be included, dogs had to undergo complete staging, including FC on lymph nodes, PB and BM samples. Additionally, dogs had to receive an alkylating-rich protocol and have a complete follow-up. Treatment response was evaluated based on RECIST criteria at each chemotherapy session, and the end-staging was conducted at the completion of treatment. Endpoints were time to progression (TTP) and lymphoma-specific survival (LSS). The relationship between TTP/LSS and the percentage of PB and BM infiltration, categorized as > 1%, > 3%, > 5%, > 10%, > 15% and > 20% was investigated. Fifty dogs were included: based on imaging and FC, 78.0% had stage 5 disease, 14.0% had stage 4, 6.0% had stage 3 and 2.0% had stage 1. By multivariable analysis, the CD4-negative phenotype was the only factor associated with a shorter TTP (P = 0.049), while BM infiltration was significantly associated with LSS (P = 0.037). Dogs with BM infiltration > 5% had shorter median LSS (114 days; 95%CI: 0-240) compared to dogs with BM infiltration ≤ 5% (178 days; 95%CI: 145-211). Lack of complete response (P = 0.039) and administration of corticosteroids before chemotherapy (P = 0.026) also significantly worsened LSS. BM flow cytometric evaluation could be considered an essential part of staging work-up for dogs with PTCL and has prognostic relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | - S Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - C Agnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - L Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - D Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - F Riondato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - L Gamberini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - S Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Owens E, Harris L, Harris A, Yoshimoto J, Burnett R, Avery A. The gene expression profile and cell of origin of canine peripheral T-cell lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:18. [PMID: 38166662 PMCID: PMC10762913 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) refers to a heterogenous group of T-cell neoplasms with poor treatment responses and survival times. Canine PTCL clinically and immunophenotypically resembles the most common human subtype, PTCL-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), leading to interest in this canine disease as a naturally occurring model for human PTCL. Gene expression profiling in human PTCL-NOS has helped characterize this ambiguous diagnosis into distinct subtypes, but similar gene expression profiling in canine PTCL is lacking. METHODS Bulk RNA-sequencing was performed on tumor samples from 33 dogs with either CD4+ (26/33), CD8+ (4/33), or CD4-CD8- (3/33) PTCL as diagnosed by flow cytometry, and sorted CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from healthy control dogs. Following normalization of RNA-seq data, we performed differential gene expression and unsupervised clustering methods. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to determine the enrichment of canine CD4+ PTCL for human PTCL-NOS, oncogenic pathways, and various stages of T-cell development gene signatures. We utilized gene set variation analysis to evaluate individual canine CD4+ PTCLs for various human and murine T-cell and thymocyte gene signatures. Cultured canine PTCL cells were treated with a pan-PI3K inhibitor, and cell survival and proliferation were compared to DMSO-treated controls. Expression of GATA3 and phosphorylated AKT was validated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS While the canine CD4+ PTCL phenotype exhibited a consistent gene expression profile, the expression profiles of CD8+ and CD4-CD8- canine PTCLs were more heterogeneous. Canine CD4+ PTCL had increased expression of GATA3, upregulation of its target genes, enrichment for PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, and downregulation of PTEN, features consistent with the more aggressive GATA3-PTCL subtype of human PTCL-NOS. In vitro assays validated the reliance of canine CD4+ PTCL cells on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling for survival and proliferation. Canine CD4+ PTCL was enriched for thymic precursor gene signatures, exhibited increased expression of markers of immaturity (CD34, KIT, DNTT, and CCR9), and downregulated genes associated with the T-cell receptor, MHC class II associated genes (DLA-DQA1, DLA-DRA, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DQB2), and CD25. CONCLUSIONS Canine CD4+ PTCL most closely resembled the GATA3-PTCL subtype of PTCL-NOS and may originate from an earlier stage of T-cell development than the more conventionally posited mature T-helper cell origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Owens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University (EO, LH, AH, JY, RB, AA), 300 W Lake St, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
| | - Lauren Harris
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University (EO, LH, AH, JY, RB, AA), 300 W Lake St, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Adam Harris
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University (EO, LH, AH, JY, RB, AA), 300 W Lake St, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Janna Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University (EO, LH, AH, JY, RB, AA), 300 W Lake St, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Robert Burnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University (EO, LH, AH, JY, RB, AA), 300 W Lake St, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Anne Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University (EO, LH, AH, JY, RB, AA), 300 W Lake St, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Riondato F, Poggi A, Miniscalco B, Sini F, Marconato L, Martini V. Flow Cytometric Features of B- and T-Lmphocytes in Reactive Lymph Nodes Compared to Their Neoplastic Counterparts in Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:374. [PMID: 37368760 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An in-depth knowledge of non-neoplastic patterns is fundamental to diagnose neoplasia. In the present study, we described the flow cytometric (FC) cell size (FSC) and fluorescence intensity (MFI) of B- and T-lymphocytes in 42 canine reactive lymph nodes and 36 lymphomas. Proliferative activity (Ki67%) in reactive lymph nodes was also reported. Reactive lymph nodes were composed of a mixed population of small and large T (CD5+) and B (CD21+) cells. Small T-cells were larger in size than small B-cells, and large T-cells were larger than large B-cells. Small T-cells were composed of CD5+CD21- and CD5+CD21+dim subpopulations. Large B-cells were <20% in reactive lymph nodes and >20% in lymphomas and showed a higher FSC in lymphomas than in reactive lymph nodes. Large T-cells were <4% in reactive lymph nodes and >4% in lymphomas and showed a higher CD5 MFI in lymphomas (if expressed) compared to reactive lymph nodes. A subset of CD5+CD21+dim lymphocytes was recognized in addition to CD5+CD21- and CD5-CD21+ cells. In T-zone lymphomas, neoplastic cells had higher FSC and CD21 MFI values than small CD5+CD21+dim cells in reactive lymph nodes. Ki67% values were higher than those reported in normal lymph nodes, and largely overlapped with those reported in low-grade lymphomas and partially in high-grade lymphomas. Our results may contribute to making a less operator-dependent FC differential between lymphoma and reactive lymph nodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Riondato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Poggi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Miniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Sini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 43, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Martini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oh JH, Cho JY. Comparative oncology: overcoming human cancer through companion animal studies. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:725-734. [PMID: 37009802 PMCID: PMC10167357 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative oncology is a field of study that has been recently adopted for studying cancer and developing cancer therapies. Companion animals such as dogs can be used to evaluate novel biomarkers or anticancer targets before clinical translation. Thus, the value of canine models is increasing, and numerous studies have been conducted to analyze similarities and differences between many types of spontaneously occurring cancers in canines and humans. A growing number of canine cancer models as well as research-grade reagents for these models are becoming available, leading to substantial growth in comparative oncology research spanning from basic science to clinical trials. In this review, we summarize comparative oncology studies that have been conducted on the molecular landscape of various canine cancers and highlight the importance of the integration of comparative biology into cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Korea 21 Project and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Korea 21 Project and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kojima K, Chambers JK, Mizuno T, Uchida K. Nodal T-zone lymphoma and T-zone hyperplasia in dogs. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:733-739. [DOI: 10.1177/03009858221102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
T-zone lymphoma (TZL) is an indolent, nodal lymphoma that has been clinically characterized in detail in dogs, and T-zone hyperplasia (TZH) is a hyperplastic change in lymph nodes associated with antigen processing. In some cases, histopathological features of TZL and TZH are similar, and are difficult to differentiate by morphology alone. Since there have been few publications characterizing their immunohistochemical profiles, histological, immunohistochemical, and clonality examinations were performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of canine lymph nodes with TZL (14 cases) and canine lymph nodes with TZH associated with nonlymphocytic tumors (10 cases). Immunohistochemically, small- to medium-sized lymphocytes of TZL were immunopositive for CD3, CD5, and HLA-DR, and negative for CD45, FOXP3, and granzyme B (GRB) in all cases. Among these 14 cases, 11 were immunopositive for CD8 and 1 was CD20 positive. Paracortical lymphocytes in TZH were diffusely immunopositive for CD3, CD5, and CD45, with scattered immunopositivity for CD8, HLA-DR, FOXP3, and GRB, and negative for CD20 in all cases. A clonal TCR gene rearrangement was detected in 13/14 TZL and none of the TZH cases. The present study revealed that TZL is a clonal proliferation of monomorphic CD8+CD45-GRB- T cells, while TZH consists of an immunophenotypically heterogenous population of CD45+ T cells that are variably positive for CD8 and FOXP3. These results suggest that canine TZL is a clonal proliferation of naïve or premature cytotoxic T cells. Regarding TZH, variable immunopositivity for cytotoxic and regulatory T-cell antigens may reflect immune responses to a variety of regional neoplastic lesions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Celant E, Marconato L, Stefanello D, Moretti P, Aresu L, Comazzi S, Martini V. Clinical and Clinical Pathological Presentation of 310 Dogs Affected by Lymphoma with Aberrant Antigen Expression Identified via Flow Cytometry. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040184. [PMID: 35448684 PMCID: PMC9032799 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic aberrancies have been reported occasionally in canine lymphomas. Here, we retrospectively collected 310 canine lymphomas with an aberrant phenotype detected via flow cytometry and describe their clinical and clinical pathological features at diagnosis. There were 152 T-cell lymphomas not otherwise specified (T-NOS), 101 T-zone lymphomas (TZL), 54 B-cell lymphomas, and 3 cases with two suspected concurrent neoplastic populations. The most represented aberrancies were: CD5-, CD4-CD8-, and CD3- in T-NOS lymphomas, CD21+, CD4-CD8-, and CD3- in TZLs, and CD34+, CD44-, and CD5+ in B-cell lymphomas. Among T-cell lymphomas, the aberrant expression of CD21 was significantly more frequent in TZL and the loss of CD5 and CD44 in T-NOS. More than 75% of dogs were purebred; males outnumbered females; the mean age at diagnosis was 8–10 years, depending on lymphoma subtype. A few dogs were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis, and 30% had peripheral blood abnormalities, in line with what is already reported for the general population of dogs with lymphoma. Further studies are needed to assess the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying each specific antigen aberrancy, as well as the diagnostic and prognostic role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Celant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.C.); (D.S.); (P.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.C.); (D.S.); (P.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Pierangelo Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.C.); (D.S.); (P.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy;
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.C.); (D.S.); (P.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Valeria Martini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.C.); (D.S.); (P.M.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250334585
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Frankhouse KA, Rout ED, Hughes KL, Labadie JD, Yoshimoto JA, Lana SE, Avery PR, Avery AC. An aggressive CD4 - CD8 - T-cell neoplasm in young English bulldogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:416-426. [PMID: 34792269 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
T-cell leukemia/lymphoma accounts for roughly 30% of all types of lymphoproliferative neoplasia in dogs. Two forms of T-cell lymphoma (T-zone and peripheral T-cell lymphoma) exhibit breed-specific predilections. During the course of routine immunophenotyping, we observed a breed-specific presentation of a unique form of T-cell leukaemia in young English bulldogs. To describe the clinical presentation and outcome of a novel T-cell leukaemia in English bulldogs and determine the frequency of this neoplasm in other breeds. The Clinical Hematopathology database, containing immunophenotyping data from peripheral blood of nearly 11 900 dogs, was queried for the phenotype observed in young English bulldogs: CD45+ CD4- CD8- CD5+ CD3+ class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-low T-cell leukaemia. Clinical presentation, treatment, and survival data were collected for a subset of cases. Fifty-five English bulldog cases and 64 cases of other breeds were identified. No other breed was represented by >5 cases. Complete medical records were obtained for 50 bulldogs. Median age at diagnosis was 3 years and 76% of cases were male. Median lymphocyte count was 44 286 lymphocytes/μl (range, 1800-317 684/μl) and lymphocytes were described as small to intermediate-sized. Many dogs were thrombocytopenic and had liver and spleen involvement, but not lymphadenopathy. Bulldogs that received multi-agent chemotherapy had longer median survival times (83 days) compared to dogs that received no treatment (6 days) or less aggressive therapy (15 days) (p = .001). Non-bulldogs had similar outcomes. CD4- CD8- class II MHC-low T-cell leukaemia has an aggressive clinical course and predilection for young English bulldogs. Breed-specific presentation suggests an underlying genetic cause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari A Frankhouse
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily D Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly L Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Julia D Labadie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Janna A Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan E Lana
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul R Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blaxill J, Buzzacott P, Finlay J. Prognostic indicators for naïve canine non-indolent T-cell lymphoma treated with combination lomustine, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisolone chemotherapy. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:215-226. [PMID: 34464024 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lomustine, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisolone (LOPP) chemotherapy has been suggested to be an effective treatment for dogs with naïve non-indolent T-cell lymphoma (TCL). Studies evaluating prognostic factors for dogs with TCL treated with LOPP chemotherapy are lacking. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess potential prognostic factors for canine naïve non-indolent TCL treated with the LOPP protocol. This was a retrospective cohort study of naïve non-indolent TCL treated with the LOPP chemotherapy protocol at a single specialty veterinary oncology clinic. Sixty-seven dogs met the inclusion criteria. The outcomes assessed included progression free survival (PFS), overall survival time (OST) and duration of complete response (DCR). The overall median PFS was 118 days (range 7-2302 days). The median OST was 202 days (range 8-2302 days). The overall median DCR was 316 days (range 38-2261 days). Number of treatments administered (p < .0001), multicentric disease (p = .044) and the presence of hypercalcaemia (p = .006) were prognostic indicators for PFS. Increasing number of treatments (p < .0001) and age (p = .0088) were prognostic indicators for OST. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe hypercalcaemia as a positive prognostic indicator of PFS for TCL treated with LOPP chemotherapy. LOPP chemotherapy can be considered as a first-line treatment protocol against naïve hypercalcaemic non-indolent TCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Blaxill
- University of Sydney Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Buzzacott
- School of Nursing, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica Finlay
- Perth Veterinary Specialists, Osborne Park, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kojima K, Chambers JK, Ii T, Nibe K, Mizuno T, Uchida K. Histopathological features and immunophenotyping of canine transmural gastrointestinal lymphoma using full-thickness biopsy samples. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:1033-1043. [PMID: 34282671 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the histopathological characteristics and immunophenotypes of canine transmural "mass-forming" gastrointestinal lymphomas and plasmacytomas, 83 surgically resected biopsy samples were examined. All lymphomas and plasmacytomas were located in the small or large intestine except for 1 plasmacytoma which was in the stomach. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, B-cell neoplasms (17 cases) included lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (6/17), plasmacytoma (5/17), follicular lymphoma (3/17), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (3/17). Based on nuclear sizes, T-cell neoplasms (66 cases) were broadly divided into large cell lymphoma (LCL; 48/66) and small cell lymphoma (SCL; 18/66). According to the WHO classification, T-cell neoplasms included anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (ALCL; 10/66), angiotropic T-cell lymphoma (3/66), mixed inflammatory type peripheral T-cell lymphoma (mixed inflammatory type PTCL; 33/66), and PTCL-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS; 20/66). Mixed inflammatory type PTCLs were further divided into histiocyte- (27/33) and eosinophil- (6/33) dominant types. Immunohistochemically, lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas were positive for Pax5 (6/6) and IgM (5/6), while plasmacytomas were positive for IgG (5/6) and negative for Pax5. LCLs were immunopositive for granzyme B in 31/48 cases (65%) and CD8 in 9/48 cases (19%), while SCLs were immunopositive for granzyme B in 3/18 cases (17%) and CD8 in 3/18 cases (17%). Furthermore, 8/10 cases (80%) of ALCL and 19/27 cases (70%) of histiocyte-dominant PTCL were immunopositive for granzyme B, whereas 6/20 cases (30%) of PTCL-NOS, 1/6 cases (17%) of eosinophil-dominant PTCL, and no cases of angiotropic T-cell lymphomas were immunopositive for granzyme B. The present study describes the immunophenotypes in different histological types of transmural gastrointestinal lymphomas in the dog.
Collapse
|
10
|
Comazzi S, Riondato F. Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Canine T-Cell Lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:600963. [PMID: 33969027 PMCID: PMC8096896 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.600963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell lymphoma (TCL) is a heterogenous group of lymphoid malignancies representing about 30–40% of all canine lymphomas and often harboring a very aggressive behavior. WHO classification identifies the majority of TCLs as peripheral TCL, but other subtypes with peculiar presentation and outcome have been recognized. This review aims to explore the use of flow cytometry for refining the diagnosis of canine TCL, putting a particular emphasis on the identification of some peculiar immunotypes, such as T zone lymphoma; on the investigation of putative prognostic markers; and on the evaluation of lymphoma stage and of the minimal residual disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comazzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Fulvio Riondato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rigillo A, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Sabattini S, Škor O, Agnoli C, Schwendenwein I, Bettini G, Rütgen BC. Ki-67 assessment-agreeability between immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry in canine lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:551-566. [PMID: 33759339 PMCID: PMC8453729 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature suggests a combination of flow cytometric determination of Ki-67 and immunophenotype as a reliable tool to classify canine lymphomas. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on histological samples is the gold standard technique assessing Ki-67 index. Agreement between IHC and FCM derived Ki-67 indices has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between IHC and FCM in the assessment of Ki-67 expression/index, in order to evaluate whether FCM may serve as a non-invasive alternative method for the estimation of proliferative activity in canine lymphoma. Dogs with previously untreated canine lymphoma undergoing diagnostic lymphadenectomy were prospectively enrolled. Ki-67 expression/index was assessed by FCM and IHC and expressed as percentage of positive cells. 39 dogs classified by histopathology matched the inclusion criteria. With both methods, Ki-67 expression/index was higher in intermediate/high-grade lymphomas. Spearman's coefficient of correlation was ρ = 0.57; (95% CI0.33-0.75) suggesting a moderate correlation. A Bland-Altman plot revealed a negative constant bias of -3.55 (95% CI: -10.52 to 3.42) with limits of agreement from -45.71 to 38.61. The study confirmed agreement albeit with wide confidence intervals between the values of Ki-67 expression/index assessed with FCM and IHC. Discrepancies were observed in a subset of cases. Possible explanation could be that Ki-67 index in IHC is determined in the most proliferative areas of the slide, which could introduce kind of sampling bias, whereas FCM evaluates many more cells in cell suspension. Further studies are warranted to investigate this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rigillo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Fuchs-Baumgartinger
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ondrej Škor
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chiara Agnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilse Schwendenwein
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara C Rütgen
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|