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Cheon SB, Kim WH. Upregulation of SLUG expression in canine mammary gland tumors and its prognostic significance. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:112. [PMID: 37553661 PMCID: PMC10408186 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SLUG (also known as snai2), which is a transcription factor in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Several human studies have revealed that SLUG expression downregulates E-cadherin activity to induce metastasis and invasion of tumor cells, and its association with tumor mechanisms is under constant evaluation. In clinical veterinary medicine, one study revealed upregulated SLUG expression in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the association between canine mammary gland tumors (MGT), the most common neoplasm in intact female dogs, and SLUG has not been investigated yet. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the differences in SLUG expression among canine normal mammary gland tissue and MGTs using immunohistochemistry. In addition, its prognostic significance was evaluated by analyzing the correlation with the Ki-67 proliferation index and various clinicopathological features. RESULTS SLUG expression increased substantially from normal mammary gland tissues to MGTs, especially showing the strongest expression in malignant MGT than in benign MGT. Negative SLUG expression was observed in mostly normal mammary gland tissues, whereas all tissues in malignant MGT showed positive SLUG expression. Furthermore, positive SLUG expression was associated with higher Ki-67 index, larger tumor size (> 3 cm), and metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis revealed that positive SLUG expression was significantly associated with poor overall and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SLUG is upregulated in canine MGTs and positive SLUG expression is positively correlated with poor prognosis. Thus, SLUG protein can be a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for canine patients with MGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Bin Cheon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Noguchi S, Matsui A. microRNA-203 inhibits migration and invasion of canine tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting SLUG. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1239224. [PMID: 37601756 PMCID: PMC10434855 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1239224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) occurring in the tonsils (TSCC) has a poorer prognosis than SCC occurring in other regions of the oral cavity (non-tonsillar SCC [NTSCC]) because it easily metastasizes to distant organs. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the migration and invasion of TSCC cells in vitro. Materials and methods This study focused on differential microRNA (miRNA) expression using microRNA microarrays and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in canine TSCC and NTSCC tissues and cell lines. A target gene of the miRNA involved in cell migration and invasion was validated by wound healing, transwell, and luciferase assays. Results miR-203 expression was lower in TSCC tissues than in the normal oral mucosa and NTSCC tissues. Transfection of the miR-203 mimic resulted in the downregulation of mesenchymal marker protein expression and attenuation of cell migration and invasion in TSCC cells, but not in NTSCC cells. A dual-luciferase assay revealed that miR-203 directly targeted the mesenchymal transcription factor SLUG. SLUG overexpression enhances the migration of TSCC cells. Conclusion Our study indicates that the miR-203/SLUG axis may be involved in the metastatic mechanisms of TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiation, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Matsui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, College of Life, Environment, and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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An Overview of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition in Canine Tumors: How Far Have We Come? Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010019. [PMID: 36669020 PMCID: PMC9865109 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, pre-clinical and clinical studies in human medicine have provided new insights, pushing forward the contemporary knowledge. The new results represented a motivation for investigators in specific fields of veterinary medicine, who addressed the same research topics from different perspectives in studies based on experimental and spontaneous animal disease models. The study of different pheno-genotypic contexts contributes to the confirmation of translational models of pathologic mechanisms. This review provides an overview of EMT and MET processes in both human and canine species. While human medicine rapidly advances, having a large amount of information available, veterinary medicine is not at the same level. This situation should provide motivation for the veterinary medicine research field, to apply the knowledge on humans to research in pets. By merging the knowledge of these two disciplines, better and faster results can be achieved, thus improving human and canine health.
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Liang X, Li X, Wang P, Chen Z, Yan Z, Ao X, Liu Y, Zhu J, Xi T, Zhou S, Li Z, Li C, Zhu M, Zhou PK, Gu Y. OUP accepted manuscript. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:348-360. [PMID: 35510230 PMCID: PMC9052326 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is one of the key obstacles that may lead to the failure of cancer treatment. The underlying mechanisms of radioresistance remain largely unknown; however, increasing evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in radiotherapy resistance of several cancers. In the present study, we demonstrated that radiation-elevated transcript (RET), a newly identified lnRNA, was highly expressed in cancer cells. Knockdown of RET significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of cancer cells and markedly inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, downregulation of RET in cancer cells significantly inhibited cell growth, decreased colony survival fractions, and promoted apoptosis in response to radiation treatment, indicating a role in radiation resistance. Moreover, RET knockdown significantly increased the expression of γ-H2AX, an indicator of DNA double strand damage, and reversed radiation-induced EMT, both of which contributed to its radiation resistance. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the expression of RET and PTEN. Rescue assays confirmed RET knockdown enhanced radiosensitivity of cancer cells by upregulating the expression of PTEN. Mechanistically, RET positively regulated Slug, a repressor of PTEN transcription, by acting as a molecular sponge of miR-3179. Our present study showed that RET conferred radioresistance by regulating miR-3179/Slug/PTEN axis, indicating that RET may be a potential target for the clinical application in cancer patients with radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhongmin Chen
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Ziyan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xingkun Ao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tingting Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing 100850, China
- Medical School, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Chao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing 100850, China
- School of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Maoxiang Zhu
- Corresponding authors: Yongqing Gu. , ; Ping-Kun Zhou. ; Maoxiang Zhu.
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Corresponding authors: Yongqing Gu. , ; Ping-Kun Zhou. ; Maoxiang Zhu.
| | - Yongqing Gu
- Corresponding authors: Yongqing Gu. , ; Ping-Kun Zhou. ; Maoxiang Zhu.
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