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Hernández-Suárez B, Gillespie DA, Dejnaka E, Kupczyk P, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B, Pawlak A. Studying the DNA damage response pathway in hematopoietic canine cancer cell lines, a necessary step for finding targets to generate new therapies to treat cancer in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1227683. [PMID: 37655260 PMCID: PMC10467447 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1227683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dogs present a significant opportunity for studies in comparative oncology. However, the study of cancer biology phenomena in canine cells is currently limited by restricted availability of validated antibody reagents and techniques. Here, we provide an initial characterization of the expression and activity of key components of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) in a panel of hematopoietic canine cancer cell lines, with the use of commercially available antibody reagents. Materials and methods The techniques used for this validation analysis were western blot, qPCR, and DNA combing assay. Results Substantial variations in both the basal expression (ATR, Claspin, Chk1, and Rad51) and agonist-induced activation (p-Chk1) of DDR components were observed in canine cancer cell lines. The expression was stronger in the CLBL-1 (B-cell lymphoma) and CLB70 (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia) cell lines than in the GL-1 (B-cell leukemia) cell line, but the biological significance of these differences requires further investigation. We also validated methodologies for quantifying DNA replication dynamics in hematopoietic canine cancer cell lines, and found that the GL-1 cell line presented a higher replication fork speed than the CLBL-1 cell line, but that both showed a tendency to replication fork asymmetry. Conclusion These findings will inform future studies on cancer biology, which will facilitate progress in developing novel anticancer therapies for canine patients. They can also provide new knowledge in human oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - David A. Gillespie
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ewa Dejnaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Kupczyk
- Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Makovicky P, Bolgac P, Makovicka M, Kajo K, Krchnikova Z, Pokoradi J, Makovicky P, Stanova Z, Vaskova K, Rimarova K. Histopathology and indicators of borderline ovarian tumours with microinvasion in bitches. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:175-183. [PMID: 37982087 PMCID: PMC10581509 DOI: 10.17221/103/2022-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors present two cases of borderline ovarian tumours with microinvasion in bitches with variable clinical significance. The first case documents a four-year-old female Weimaraner diagnosed with a tumour on the right ovary during a veterinary check-up, using ultrasound (USG) examination, which was then surgically removed. Histological examination revealed a clear cell borderline tumour of the ovary with microinvasion. The second case is represented by a necropsy sample from a 52-month-old female German Shepherd who died a day before the planned hysterectomy due to undertreated pyometra. During necropsy, a developed bilateral ovarian tumour was found. An additional histological examination revealed a serous borderline tumour with microinvasion of both ovaries. This paper discusses the histopathological and clinical aspects involved in the prognosis of borderline ovarian tumours in bitches. This concerns the possibility of a change for a more aggressive behaviour of these tumours and their immunohistochemical profile, then the risk of implant metastases and, finally, the time point of diagnosis, intervention, and therapy. Even histologically verified well-differentiated forms of borderline ovarian tumours with microinvasion in bitches can show the variable clinical significance and, therefore, in similar cases, only a good or only a bad prognosis of the disease should not be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Makovicky
- Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Bolgac
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary and Food Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Maria Makovicka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Krchnikova
- Veterinary Clinic – Animal Reproduction Centre, Budmerice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pokoradi
- Veterinary Clinic – Animal Reproduction Centre, Budmerice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Makovicky
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, J. Selye University, Komarno, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Stanova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristina Vaskova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Kvetoslava Rimarova
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Zhu Z, Kitano T, Morimatsu M, Ochiai K, Ishiguro-Oonuma T, Oosumi K, Lin X, Orino K, Yoshikawa Y. A Highly Conserved Region in BRCA2 Suppresses the RAD51-Interaction Activity of BRC Repeats. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020145. [PMID: 36851449 PMCID: PMC9959916 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most prevalent type of tumors in female dogs. Breast cancer 2, early onset (BRCA2) malignant mutations are associated with tumorigenesis in humans and dogs. BRCA2 plays a pivotal role in homologous recombination repair by recruiting RAD51 recombinase to DNA damage sites to maintain genome stability. To recruit RAD51, BRCA2 must interact with RAD51 via BRC repeats, but the regulation of this interaction has been unclear. In this study, we focused on a highly conserved region (HCR) near BRC repeats. Using co-immunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assay, we found that HCR suppressed the RAD51-interaction activity of BRC repeats and that substitutions of HCR phosphorylation sites affected it. In canine tumor samples, we found ten mutations, including a novel HCR mutation (I1110M) from canine tumor samples. The effect of four HCR mutations, including I1110M, on the RAD51-interaction activity of BRC repeats was tested. One of the HCR mutations found in canine mammary tumors increased the interaction, but the two mutations found in human breast cancers decreased it. This study suggested that the HCR regulated the RAD51-interacting activity of BRC repeats through HCR phosphorylation and that mutations in HCR may be related to tumorigenesis in both dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zida Zhu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kitano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masami Morimatsu
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Toshina Ishiguro-Oonuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oosumi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Xianghui Lin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Koichi Orino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yasunaga Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Wu K, Rodrigues L, Post G, Harvey G, White M, Miller A, Lambert L, Lewis B, Lopes C, Zou J. Analyses of canine cancer mutations and treatment outcomes using real-world clinico-genomics data of 2119 dogs. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:8. [PMID: 36658200 PMCID: PMC9852553 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous tumors in canines share significant genetic and histological similarities with human tumors, positioning them as valuable models to guide drug development. However, current translational studies have limited real world evidence as cancer outcomes are dispersed across veterinary clinics and genomic tests are rarely performed on dogs. In this study, we aim to expand the value of canine models by systematically characterizing genetic mutations in tumors and their response to targeted treatments. In total, we collect and analyze survival outcomes for 2119 tumor-bearing dogs and the prognostic effect of genomic alterations in a subset of 1108 dogs. Our analysis identifies prognostic concordance between canines and humans in several key oncogenes, including TP53 and PIK3CA. We also find that several targeted treatments designed for humans are associated with a positive prognosis when used to treat canine tumors with specific genomic alterations, underscoring the value of canine models in advancing drug discovery for personalized oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wu
- One Health Company, Palo Alto, CA US ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, US
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James Zou
- One Health Company, Palo Alto, CA US ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, US
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Nolan MW, Berman AR, Watson-Skaggs ML, Quinn CN, Marcus KL, Russell K, Yoshikawa H, Olby NJ, Gieger TL. Stereotactic radiotherapy (10 Gy X 3) for canine nonlymphomatous intranasal tumors is associated with prolonged survival and minimal risk of severe radiotoxicity. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1496-1506. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.03.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To describe oncologic outcomes following administration of a uniform stereotactic radiotherapy protocol (SRT; 10 Gy X 3) for canine intranasal tumors and to identify whether any clinical or dosimetric factors were predictive of event-free or overall survival time (EFST or OST).
ANIMALS
129 dogs.
PROCEDURES
In this single-institution retrospective study, the medical records database was searched for canine nonlymphomatous intranasal tumors treated with 10 Gy X 3 SRT between August 2013 and November 2020. Findings regarding adverse effects and outcomes were analyzed overall, for dogs grouped on the basis of life stage (mature adult, senior, or end of life), and for treatment-related or tumor-related variables to identify potential predictors of outcome.
RESULTS
After SRT, most dogs clinically improved with minimal acute radiotoxicity. The median EFST was 237 days; median OST was 542 days. Receipt of other tumor-directed therapies before or after SRT was associated with improved EFST in senior dogs (hazard ratio [HR], 0.416) and improved OST in mature adult (HR, 0.241) and senior dogs (HR, 0.348). In senior dogs, administration of higher near-minimum radiation doses was associated with improved EFST (HR, 0.686) and OST (HR, 0.743). In senior dogs, chondrosarcoma was associated with shorter OST (HR, 7.232), and in dogs at end of life, having a squamous cell or transitional carcinoma was associated with worse EFST (HR, 6.462).
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This SRT protocol results in improved quality of life and prolonged OST for dogs of all life stages. Radiation protocol optimization or use of multimodal therapy may further improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Nolan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Alyssa R. Berman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Maegan L. Watson-Skaggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Claire N. Quinn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Karen L. Marcus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Katharine Russell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Hiroto Yoshikawa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Natasha J. Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Tracy L. Gieger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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