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Wu Z, Yang Y, Wang B, Gebeyew K, Tang S, Han X, He Z, Tan Z. Blood Metabolites and Faecal Microbial Communities in Nonpregnant and Early Gestation Ewes in Highly Cold Areas. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1436. [PMID: 37998035 PMCID: PMC10669436 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Ewes undergo complex metabolic changes during pregnancy. Understanding the specific process of these changes is a necessary prerequisite in ewes for regulating and intervening in order to maintain pregnancies. However, there have been relatively few studies on the specific changes that occur in nutritional metabolism in pregnant ewes during early gestation, especially for some landrace ewes in highly cold areas. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) elucidate the changes in metabolites and microbial communities in pregnant ewes during early gestation using metabolomics and 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) amplicon sequencing approaches, and to (2) discover novel early pregnancy-induced biomarkers in the blood and faeces. Rams were placed together with ewes on D0 and removed on D45. During early gestation, blood and faecal samples were collected from ewes in a highly cold area for analysing the metabolites and microbial communities; these were retrospectively classified as the early gestation pregnant (EP) ewe group or the nonpregnant (NP) ewe group based on the lambing status recorded during the expected delivery period. The differences in the plasma biochemical parameters, plasma metabolites, and faecal microbial communities of pregnant and nonpregnant ewes were characterised. The GC, IL-6, O-acetyl-l-serine, L-glutamine, and 6-acetamido-2-oxohexanoic acid were screened out as potential biomarkers for evaluating the occurrence of early pregnancy. These novel early pregnancy-induced metabolites discovered in ewes might allow for the development of technologies to detect early pregnancies in sheep in highly cold areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.W.); (K.G.); (S.T.); (Z.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (Y.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Biao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (Y.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Kefyalew Gebeyew
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.W.); (K.G.); (S.T.); (Z.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.W.); (K.G.); (S.T.); (Z.T.)
| | - Xuefeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.W.); (K.G.); (S.T.); (Z.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zhixiong He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.W.); (K.G.); (S.T.); (Z.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.W.); (K.G.); (S.T.); (Z.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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Cavalcanti CM, Silva MRL, Conde AJH, Bezerra AF, Alves JPM, Fernandes CCL, Teixeira DÍA, Rêgo AC, Rondina D. Effect of peri-conception high fat diets on maternal ovarian function, fetal and placentome growth, and vascular umbilical development in goats. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1481-1492. [PMID: 35925942 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether a high-fat diet (HFD) fed to goats for a brief period during peri-conception would optimize reproductive and fetal responses. Thirty-four Anglo-Nubian crossbred adult goats were allocated into three groups: control (n = 11), fed with a total mixed ration (TMR) based on chopped elephant grass and concentrate; HFBM (n = 11), given TMR supplemented with soybean oil on a 0.5% dry matter basis for 11 days starting nine days before mating (BM); and HFAM (n = 12), fed with soybean oil included in the TMR for 15 days after mating (AM). The TMR diets differed in their fat content (7.5% vs. 2.9%). All goats had estrus synchronized for 14 days BM by intravaginal administration of 60 mg MPA sponge for 12 days. Forty-eight hours BM, the sponge was removed and 0.075 mg PGF2α was applied intramuscularly. After 36 hours, 1 mL GnRH was administered intramuscularly, and goats were mated after sponge removal. The fat groups showed lower feed intake (P < 0.001) and higher cholesterol levels (P < 0.001) when HFD was administered. Doppler and B-mode ultrasound evaluations revealed a greater (P < 0.05) number of small (< 3 mm, 10 ± 0.6 vs 8 ± 0.5) and large (≥ 3 mm, 6 ± 0.4 vs 5.0 ± 0.2) follicles and intraovarian blood area (P < 0.05) in the HFBM group during sponge removal (57.6%) and mating (24.2%) than those of the no-fat group. During AM, the fat-fed groups exhibited higher glutathione peroxidase levels (P < 0.05) and a reduction (P < 0.001) in corpus luteum size (19%) and vascularized Doppler area (41%). No difference (P > 0.05) between groups was found in fetal traits, placentome, and umbilical vascular development, except for the embryonic vesicle where HFAM twin pregnancy showed a smaller size than the control (26.1 ± 3.5 cm vs 33.7 ± 2.7 cm; P < 0.01). Thus, HFD applied during peri-conception of goats has no impact on later fetal development but improved the follicular growth when given before the mating. Thus the use of HFD in periconception has no impact on fetal development but increases follicular growth before breeding time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anibal Coutinho Rêgo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Davide Rondina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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