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Valente PCLG, Peleteiro MC, Dias MJ, Vicente G, Pomba C, Duarte A, Correia J. Multiple myeloma in dogs: Use of the cell block technique as a new diagnostic tool. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:93-98. [PMID: 38240087 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) in dogs may be challenging and complex. The cell blocks are a diagnostic technique that allows the characterization of neoplastic cells and, therefore, might help in the diagnosis of atypical MM. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present work is to describe three clinical cases in which the cell blocks and immunohistochemistry contributed to the definitive diagnosis of canine MM. METHODS Three dogs, one female and two males, with different clinical signs, were presented for consultation with anemia, hyperproteinemia with monoclonal gammopathy, and the presence of plasmacytosis in the bone marrow. Cytologic analysis of the spleen was performed in two dogs and was suggestive of the presence of lymphocytes or plasma cells of a neoplastic nature in one of the cases and plasma cell hyperplasia associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis in the other. Given the hypotheses of lymphoid neoplasms with a plasma cell phenotype, cell blocks from aspiration punctures were performed for immunohistochemical analysis with anti-CD3, CD20, CD79αcy, PAX5, and MUM1 antibodies. RESULTS The results revealed positive staining for MUM1 in 80% of the cells in the spleen cell block and for CD20 and MUM1 in 70% of the cells in the bone marrow cell blocks, with negative staining for the other antibodies. The immunophenotyping results allowed the diagnosis of MM in the three cases and excluded other lymphoid neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS This work reinforces the importance of using cell blocks in the diagnosis of neoplasms by demonstrating their potential to aid the diagnosis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Cristina Lopes Gurgel Valente
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Conceição Peleteiro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Joana Dias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Vicente
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Pomba
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Duarte
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
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Marrinhas C, Oliveira LF, Sampaio F, Moreira R, Canadas-Sousa A, Pereira A, Santos M, Marcos R. Needle rinse cell blocks as an ancillary technique: Diagnostic and clinical utility in gastrointestinal neoplasia. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50 Suppl 1:47-54. [PMID: 34642969 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine-needle aspirate (FNA) cytology is often the first-choice method for diagnosing gastrointestinal nodular lesions. The FNA material can be converted to histopathology specimens by a needle rinse cell block (NRCB) technique, allowing ancillary studies to refine the cytologic diagnosis. Despite use in human pathology, NRCB has never been applied to canine or feline gastrointestinal neoplasia. OBJECTIVE This study described NRCB methodology and its diagnostic utility in specific cases of neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions. METHODS Needle rinses with saline were performed after ultrasound-guided FNAs of two intestinal lymphomas (canine and feline) and a canine gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The NRCB was prepared using the cell tube block technique and processed for paraffin embedding. Routine immunohistochemistry protocols (using CD3, PAX-5, and Ki-67 for lymphoma cases and vimentin, desmin, S-100, and KIT markers for GIST) were applied to NRCB sections, and the results were compared with matched tissue biopsies. RESULTS NRCBs with adequate cell numbers, preservation, and good separation of blood were obtained. The diagnosis and immunophenotyping were confirmed in both cases of lymphoma in NRCBs. In the GIST, the immunolabeling of the neoplastic cells in NRCB was completely concordant with the tissue biopsy. CONCLUSIONS The described methodology is suitable for veterinary settings, having few technical requirements and low invasiveness. The presented cases of gastrointestinal neoplasia highlight the utility of NRCBs as a platform to conduct ancillary studies and refine the cytologic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marrinhas
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Hospital do Baixo Vouga, OneVet Group, Águeda, Portugal
| | - Luísa F Oliveira
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Anicura CHV Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Sampaio
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INNO, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Marta Santos
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Marcos
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, ICBAS - UP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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