1
|
Mendoza-Kuznetsova E, Lokianskiene V, Matise-VanHoutan I, Fiskovich O, Olivry T. Figurate erythema in 11 Eastern European sphynx cats. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:346-353. [PMID: 38284278 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, figurate erythema (FE) represents a heterogenous group of dermatoses with circular or serpiginous erythematous skin lesions; FE has not been reported in cats. OBJECTIVES To report clinical and histological characteristics and outcomes of FE in sphynx cats from Baltic sea-bordering countries. ANIMALS Eleven client-owned sphynx cats with FE. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited cases meeting the following criteria: (i) a sphynx breed, (ii) FE with or without scaling, (iii) a chronic, waxing-and-waning course lasting longer than a month and (iv) an absence of other skin diseases. RESULTS Of 11 cats, there were seven Donskoys, one Peterbald, one Ukrainian Levkoy and two presumed Canadian sphynxes; all except one were males, and the age of onset was <12 months in eight cats. Skin lesions lasted between 1.2 and 56 months, and they consisted of erythematous plaques with a linear-to-serpiginous, annular, gyrate or iris configuration predominating on the trunk and extremities. Scaling was often seen trailing the edge of the centrifugally expanding erythema. All cats were otherwise asymptomatic or mildly pruritic. Dermatophytosis was ruled out by special stains and/or fungal cultures in eight cats. Microscopic lesions revealed focal, mild-to-moderate epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, minimal-to-mild dysplasia and subepidermal collagen smudging. Special stains were negative for dermatophytes. The clinical remission of FE was not achieved with diet changes or medical interventions; yet, a spontaneous, transient, partial or complete improvement occurred in most cats. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first report of FE in sphynx cats from Eastern Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zanna G, Abramo F, Contiero B, Zini E, Albanese F, Borio E, Godizzi F, Necci F, Luciani L, Roccabianca P. Dermoscopic findings and comparison of usefulness of longitudinal versus transversal sections in the histological diagnosis of alopecia X. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:126-137. [PMID: 37867253 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of dermoscopic and histological findings may provide useful information for the diagnosis of hair follicle diseases. However, there are no studies on dermoscopic-histopathological correlations in dogs affected by alopecia X, and comparison of longitudinal versus transversal sectioning of skin biopsy specimens in the assessment of this hair loss disorder has not been thoroughly investigated. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to correlate dermoscopic and histological features using both longitudinal and transversal sectioning of skin biopsy samples to gain additional information for the diagnosis of alopecia X. ANIMALS Nineteen Pomeranian dogs affected by alopecia X and five healthy Pomeranians as controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dermoscopic-histological correlation was performed within the diseased group, whereas histological comparisons against controls. The demographic and clinical characteristics also were related to the histological findings. RESULTS The dermoscopic findings revealed scattered, thinned, short hairs mixed with amorphous keratoseborrhoeic-like material (follicular plugging), perifollicular and intrafollicular scaling, and hyperpigmentation varying from pinpoint black spots to a diffuse texture. Dermoscopic findings correlated with histological findings for selected qualitative and quantitative findings. The usefulness of transversal sections was demonstrated in accurately determining the hair follicular density and counts, growth arrest phases and in identifying mineralisation of hair follicle basement membrane when compared to the longitudinal. Conversely, no correlations between histological findings and demographic and clinical characteristics were detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data provide evidence of the usefulness of dermoscopic evaluation as an accessory diagnostic tool and of transversal sections of skin biopsies as complementary to the diagnosis of alopecia X.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giordana Zanna
- Anicura-Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy
| | - Francesca Abramo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Eric Zini
- Anicura-Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Elena Borio
- Clinica Veterinaria San Martino, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Fabiano Necci
- CDVet- Laboratorio Analisi Veterinarie Roma, Rho, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vanderwolf K, Kyle C, Davy C. A review of sebum in mammals in relation to skin diseases, skin function, and the skin microbiome. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16680. [PMID: 38144187 PMCID: PMC10740688 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases vary among and within species but the causes of this variation can be unclear. Immune responses are an important driver of disease variation, but mechanisms on how the body resists pathogen establishment before activation of immune responses are understudied. Skin surfaces of mammals are the first line of defense against abiotic stressors and pathogens, and skin attributes such as pH, microbiomes, and lipids influence disease outcomes. Sebaceous glands produce sebum composed of multiple types of lipids with species-specific compositions. Sebum affects skin barrier function by contributing to minimizing water loss, supporting thermoregulation, protecting against pathogens, and preventing UV-induced damage. Sebum also affects skin microbiome composition both via its antimicrobial properties, and by providing potential nutrient sources. Intra- and interspecific variation in sebum composition influences skin disease outcomes in humans and domestic mammal species but is not well-characterized in wildlife. We synthesized knowledge on sebum function in mammals in relation to skin diseases and the skin microbiome. We found that sebum composition was described for only 29 live, wild mammalian species. Sebum is important in dermatophilosis, various forms of dermatitis, demodicosis, and potentially white-nose syndrome. Sebum composition likely affects disease susceptibility, as lipid components can have antimicrobial functions against specific pathogens. It is unclear why sebum composition is species-specific, but both phylogeny and environmental effects may drive differences. Our review illustrates the role of mammal sebum function and influence on skin microbes in the context of skin diseases, providing a baseline for future studies to elucidate mechanisms of disease resistance beyond immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Vanderwolf
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Kyle
- Forensic Science Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Natural Resources DNA Profiling and Forensics Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Davy
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ueyama A, Hoshino T, Asakawa MG, Shimada T, Nagata M. Focal cutaneous telangiectasia in a young dog of probable congenital origin. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2277-2282. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ueyama
- Department of Dermatology Veterinary Specialists Emergency Centre Saitama Japan
- Dolphin Animal Hospital Saitama Japan
| | - Tomoya Hoshino
- Department of Dermatology Veterinary Specialists Emergency Centre Saitama Japan
| | - Midori Goto Asakawa
- Department of Dermatology Veterinary Specialists Emergency Centre Saitama Japan
- Department of Pathology Veterinary Specialists Emergency Centre Saitama Japan
| | | | - Masahiko Nagata
- Department of Dermatology Veterinary Specialists Emergency Centre Saitama Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pomorska-Zniszczyńska A, Szczepanik M, Adamczyk N, Tarach M. Videodermoscopic examination of the skin and its products in purebred Arabian horses in the summer season. J Equine Sci 2022; 33:37-44. [PMID: 36196142 PMCID: PMC9522622 DOI: 10.1294/jes.33.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Videodermoscopy is a method that enables the examination of many parameters of the skin
and its structures. The aim of this study was to assess specific dermoscopic parameters in
purebred Arabian horses during the summer. The study involved 21 clinically healthy
purebred Arabian horses (18 mares and three stallions) that had not been used for breeding
and were 1 to 25 years old. The videoderoscopic evaluation was performed on seven selected
areas of the body: forehead, mane, neck, chest, flank, rump, and tail. The tests were
carried out with Vidix and Olympus cellSens specialised software. Videodermoscopy revealed
that the skin was pigmented in all of the bay horses, in one of the seal brown horses, and
in the 10 grey horses. Only one grey horse and one chestnut horse had unpigmented skin.
Hair thickness ranged from 44.82 µm (neck) to 75 µm (mane). Regarding the amount of hair
in the field of view, the highest and lowest numbers of hairs were found on the neck
(3,004) and mane (990), respectively. A valuable insight obtained from our research is
that it is possible to use digital image analysis for precise quantitative and qualitative
evaluations of the skin and its structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pomorska-Zniszczyńska
- Sub-department of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Szczepanik
- Sub-department of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Nikola Adamczyk
- Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tarach
- Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarfaty H, Ezra-Elia R, Sebbag L. Prevalence and characteristics of ocular diseases in Sphynx cats: A retrospective assessment (2012-2021) and comparison with non-Sphynx cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25:367-375. [PMID: 35598106 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the prevalence of ocular diseases in Sphynx cats, and compare disease characteristics with other feline breeds. METHODS Medical records of Sphynx cats presented to an ophthalmology referral center between 1/2012 and 4/2021 were examined. Cats of other breeds examined during the same period served as controls. RESULTS One hundred ten Sphynx cats were examined during the study period, diagnosed with corneal sequestrum (n = 42 cats), lower eyelid entropion (n = 25), presumed herpetic keratoconjunctivitis (n = 19), conjunctivitis (n = 7), corneal ulcers (n = 6), nasolacrimal duct atresia/obstruction (n = 6), corneal dystrophy (n = 3), eosinophilic keratitis (n = 2), uveitis (n = 2), non-ulcerative keratitis (n = 1), and cataract (n = 1). Corneal sequestrum was significantly more common in Sphynx versus non-Sphynx cats (odds ratio = 8.0, 95% CI = 5.3-12.2, p < .001), and age of diagnosis was significantly younger in Sphynx cats (2.0 ± 1.5 years vs. 5.9 ± 4.0 years, p < .001). Corneal sequestrum recurrence was noted in 19.4% Sphynx eyes and 6.4% non-Sphynx eyes undergoing surgery (p = .015). Lower eyelid entropion-most often bilateral (80%)-was significantly more common in Sphynx versus non-Sphynx cats (odds ratio = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.3-7.1, p < .001), and age of diagnosis was significantly younger in Sphynx cats (0.9 ± 1.4 years vs. 3.5 ± 3.3 years, p < .005). CONCLUSIONS Corneal sequestrum and entropion were overrepresented and diagnosed at an earlier age in Sphynx cats when compared with the general feline population. Given the high prevalence, early age of onset, and relatively high recurrence of corneal sequestrum in Sphynx cats, further studies are warranted to better understand etiopathogenesis and preferred therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lionel Sebbag
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanafy BG, Abumandour MMA, Massoud E, Morsy K, El-Kott A, Bassuoni NF. Snout cutis of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus, Linnaeus, 1758): Using light and transmission electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:948-955. [PMID: 35076963 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to give microscopic view on the snout skin of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) to clear its adaptations with the function of exploring for the food and pushing the objects. This study carried out on the snout skin of apparently healthy 1 year five pigs (Sus Scrofa) and examined under the light and transmission electron microscopy. Our results clarify that the snout skin cutis composed of the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis consisted of stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. The stratum corneum and the stratum spinosum appeared thicker than other parts. The dermis consisted of a reticular and a papillary dermis. For tightness junction between the dermis and the epidermis, the hemidesmosomes were observed, while the desmosomes were presented in abundant numbers at the level of stratum basale to ensure the adhesion between the keratinocytes. The merocrine sweat glands were observed in abundant numbers to provide the wetness of the snout to avoid its injury from friction during food exploring or pushing of the objects. We concluded that the adaptation of the snout skin with the environmental condition surrounding the studied domestic pig.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basma G Hanafy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M A Abumandour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ehab Massoud
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Dahran Aljnoub, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Agriculture Research Centre, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kareem Morsy
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Attalla El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F Bassuoni
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A KRT71 Loss-of-Function Variant Results in Inner Root Sheath Dysplasia and Recessive Congenital Hypotrichosis of Hereford Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071038. [PMID: 34356054 PMCID: PMC8304205 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genodermatoses, such as heritable skin disorders, mostly represent Mendelian conditions. Congenital hypotrichosis (HY) characterize a condition of being born with less hair than normal. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinicopathological phenotype of a breed-specific non-syndromic form of HY in Hereford cattle and to identify the causative genetic variant for this recessive disorder. Affected calves showed a very short, fine, wooly, kinky and curly coat over all parts of the body, with a major expression in the ears, the inner part of the limbs, and in the thoracic-abdominal region. Histopathology showed a severely altered morphology of the inner root sheath (IRS) of the hair follicle with abnormal Huxley and Henle’s layers and severely dysplastic hair shafts. A genome-wide association study revealed an association signal on chromosome 5. Homozygosity mapping in a subset of cases refined the HY locus to a 690 kb critical interval encompassing a cluster of type II keratin encoding genes. Protein-coding exons of six positional candidate genes with known hair or hair follicle function were re-sequenced. This revealed a protein-changing variant in the KRT71 gene that encodes a type II keratin specifically expressed in the IRS of the hair follicle (c.281delTGTGCCCA; p.Met94AsnfsX14). Besides obvious phenocopies, a perfect concordance between the presence of this most likely pathogenic loss-of-function variant located in the head domain of KRT71 and the HY phenotype was found. This recessive KRT71-related form of hypotrichosis provides a novel large animal model for similar human conditions. The results have been incorporated in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) database (OMIA 002114-9913).
Collapse
|
9
|
Fanton N, Orlandi M, Abramo F. Linear arrector pili muscle hamartoma on the tail of a sphynx cat. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:395-397. [PMID: 33891361 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arrector pili muscle (APM) hamartoma is reported in humans and dogs. We describe a linear APM hamartoma in a sphynx cat. The lesion was characterized by multiple nodules distributed linearly along the tail, made of randomly arranged hypertrophic smooth muscles, the size of which tended to wax-and-wane during a one year follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fanton
- Clinica Veterinaria Tibaldi, via Giovanni Pezzotti 2, 20141, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Abramo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pomorska-Zniszczyńska A, Szczepanik M, Kalisz G. Pilot Videodermoscopic Examination of Hair and Skin in Arabian Mare Horses During the Winter Season. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 99:103400. [PMID: 33781426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Videodermoscopy is a novel, noninvasive technique used to examine the appearance of skin and its adnexa. The aim of this study was to assess specific dermoscopic parameters in Arabian purebred mares in particular areas of the body during the winter season. The study was performed in the winter season. Videodermoscopic evaluations of the hair and skin were performed over seven areas of the body: the forehead, mane, neck, chest, flank, croup, and tail. Twenty-one healthy, non-breeding Arabian mares aged 3 to 21 years were selected for the study. The Video-Dermatoscope Vidix 7 (Medici Medical SRL) equipped with a 5-Mpx camera, and the VX1 cover (contact type cap 3.5 cm) was used. The CellSens Dimension was used to perform the above-mentioned measurements. Videodermoscopy revealed marked pigmentary differences in the hair of gray Arabian mares with blood vessels visible on unpigmented skin. The density of the hair in one dermoscopy field of view ranged from 1,458 (croup) to 3,680 (head) hairs and the thickness of hair ranged from 52.70 (chest) to 87.45 µm (tail). Uniform group of horses consisting of one sex, one breed, and one season. When compared to previous studies, our findings demonstrated that the density and thickness of hair are contingent upon a horse's breed and body region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Szczepanik
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Kalisz
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Regional differences in the skin of the desert hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus) with special reference to hair polymorphism. ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
12
|
Bond R, Hendricks A, Patterson-Kane J, Stevens K, Brooks Brownlie HW. Transverse sectioning in the evaluation of skin biopsy specimens from alopecic dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:244-252. [PMID: 33047299 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transverse sectioning of skin biopsy specimens has revolutionised assessment of human alopecia by demonstration of every hair in each specimen, allowing quantitative evaluation of follicular activity. Since only vertical sectioning is performed routinely in veterinary laboratories, we aimed to determine whether transverse sectioning was a valuable technique in assessment of canine alopecia. METHODS Paired vertical and transverse sections of biopsy specimens from 31 alopecic dogs were examined independently in triplicate in random order and blinded to previous diagnosis using a standard check-list proforma. Assessments of key features (follicular activity [anagen/telogen], infundibular hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland abnormalities, pigment clumping, dermal inflammation) by each sectioning method were compared. RESULTS In the 31 cases, (atrophic [n = 13], dysplastic [n = 12], inflammatory diseases [n = 6]), follicular inactivity scores (median, [lower-upper quartile]) in transverse sections significantly exceeded those in vertical sections (transverse 4 [3-5], vertical 3 [2-4]). Agreement between the two sectioning planes was moderate for infundibular hyperkeratosis (kappa = 0.5210) and dermal inflammation (0.4351), fair for sebaceous gland abnormalities (0.3966) and pigment clumping (0.2197), but slight for follicular activity (0.1041). Vertical sectioning demonstrated diagnostically important epidermal pathology (n = 2) and dermal thinning (n = 3) whereas transverse sectioning enhanced assessment of hair growth phase (n = 11), follicular structure and architecture (n = 11), and focal luminal or mural folliculitides (n = 3). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Transverse sectioning confers significant benefits and complements traditional vertical sectioning in the histological assessment of canine hair follicle diseases, particularly when subtle abnormalities comprise distorted compound follicle architecture, hair cycle arrest or when relatively few adnexal structures are affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bond
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - A Hendricks
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - J Patterson-Kane
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - K Stevens
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - H W Brooks Brownlie
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rajani CV, Patki HS, Simanta P, Surjith K, Deepa PM, Pradeep M. Histomorphological differentiation of the skin of leopard ( Panthera pardus), leopard cat ( Prionailurus bengalensis), Bengal tiger ( Panthera tigris), and golden jackal ( Canis aureus). Vet World 2020; 13:827-832. [PMID: 32546933 PMCID: PMC7245709 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.827-832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Leopard (Panthera pardus), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris), and golden jackal (Canis aureus) are carnivores. Leopard and Bengal tiger are listed in the red list as vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources. Leopard cat and golden jackal are grouped under animals of least concern. A wide variation exists in the structure of the skin and pattern of hair follicles among domestic and wild mammals. Thus, the study aims to create a baseline data on the skin of leopard, leopard cat, Bengal tiger, and golden jackal and the data so obtained may form an indispensable tool in wildlife forensics. Materials and Methods: Skin samples of leopard (n=3), leopard cat (n=4), Bengal tiger (n=3), and golden jackal (n=4) were collected from the Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode. The samples were processed for paraffin embedding. Horizontal and vertical sections of 5 µm thickness were used for histological staining techniques. Observations on the layers and features of epidermis, hair follicle pattern and glands, namely, sweat and sebaceous were recorded. Results: Skin comprised an outer epidermis and an inner dermis. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium made up the epidermis. Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum were discernible in leopard, Bengal tiger, and golden jackal. In leopard cat, stratum basale, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum were present. Compound hair follicles were a characteristic feature of all species. However, the pattern varied. In leopard, leopard cat and Bengal tiger, a single large primary guard hair was encircled by compound follicles. The number of surrounding compound follicles ranged between five to seven in leopard, two to five in leopard cat, and three to seven in Bengal tiger. Each compound follicle, in turn contained, one to two coarse primary hair follicles and several fine secondary hair follicles. Compound follicles arranged as clusters of three were a salient attribute in jackal. The central follicle was comparatively larger than the lateral ones. Each compound follicle comprised a single long, primary hair, and six to eight smaller secondary hairs. Conclusion: Histological variation in the skin of the leopard, leopard cat, Bengal tiger, and golden jackal was established. The data form a valuable basis for comparative histology of wild carnivores. Further, the data may be of value in the identification of the unknown skin samples of wild carnivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chukkath Vijayan Rajani
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Harshad Sudhir Patki
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Patgiri Simanta
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Kalaripparambath Surjith
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Padinjare Melepat Deepa
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Mampillikalam Pradeep
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Legnani S, Zini E, Roccabianca P, Funiciello B, Zanna G. Dermoscopic analysis of the skin of healthy warmblood horses: a descriptive study of 34 cases in Italy. Vet Dermatol 2017; 29:165-e61. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Legnani
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara; Strada Provinciale 9 28060 Granozzo con Monticello NO Italy
| | - Eric Zini
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara; Strada Provinciale 9 28060 Granozzo con Monticello NO Italy
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health; Università degli Studi di Padova; Viale dell'Università 16 35020 Legnaro PD Italy
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- DIMEVET-Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Via Celoria 10 20133 Milano Italy
| | | | - Giordana Zanna
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara; Strada Provinciale 9 28060 Granozzo con Monticello NO Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Suzuki T, Tokura Y, Ito T. Similarities of dermoscopic findings in alopecia areata between human and C3H/HeJ mouse. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:154-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
16
|
Zanna G, Roccabianca P, Zini E, Legnani S, Scarampella F, Arrighi S, Tosti A. The usefulness of dermoscopy in canine pattern alopecia: a descriptive study. Vet Dermatol 2016; 28:161-e34. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giordana Zanna
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara; S.P.9 Granozzo con Monticello Novara 28060 Italy
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Department of Pathology, Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health; Università degli studi di Milano; Via Celoria 10 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Eric Zini
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara; S.P.9 Granozzo con Monticello Novara 28060 Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health; Università degli studi di Padova; Via 8 Febbraio 2 Padua 35122 Italy
- The Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 Zurich 8057 Switzerland
| | - Sara Legnani
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara; S.P.9 Granozzo con Monticello Novara 28060 Italy
| | - Fabia Scarampella
- Studio Dermatologico Veterinario; Via G. Sismondi 62 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Silvana Arrighi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Confocal Microscopy; Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety; Università degli studi di Milano; Via Trentacoste 2 Milan 20134 Italy
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; 1295 NW 14th Street K - M Miami FL 33136 USA
| |
Collapse
|