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Baretta LT, do Espírito Santo Cunha V, Figueiredo CD, Gerardi DG. A randomised, double-blinded trial to assess the effect of oclacitinib and prednisolone on intradermal allergen and prick tests in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:71-80. [PMID: 37770410 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intradermal (IDT) and prick (PT) tests are used to select allergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD). However, the use of antipruritic drugs before performing these tests may influence the results. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of the drugs oclacitinib and prednisolone on the immediate-phase reactions of IDT and PT. ANIMALS Thirty client-owned dogs with cAD with positive reactions to at least one allergen extract on IDT or PT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs were randomly assigned to receive oclacitinib 0.4-0.58 mg/kg per os, every 12 h (n = 14), or prednisolone 0.37-0.65 mg/kg p.o., every 12 h (n = 16) for 14 days. IDT and PT were performed on Day (D)0 before treatment and on D14. RESULTS At D14 there was no significant reduction in the means of the orthogonal diameters of the positive immediate-phase reactions of the IDT (p = 0.064) in the oclacitinib group; however, in the PT, the diameter of the positive reactions reduced significantly (p = 0.048). In both tests, there was no significant reduction in the total number of positive reactions (IDT, p > 0.999; PT, p = 0.735). In the prednisolone group, the means of the orthogonal diameters of positive immediate-phase reactions were significantly reduced in both tests (IDT, p = 0.001; PT, p ≤ 0.001) and there also was a reduction in the total number of positive reactions (IDT, p = 0.022; PT, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of oclacitinib 0.4-0.58 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days does not interfere with IDT results in dogs with cAD. However, oclacitinib may reduce PT reactivity. The use of prednisolone 0.37-0.65 mg/kg twice daily results in a reduction in both IDT and PT results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Talita Baretta
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Fleischman DA, Morris DO. Pilot study to determine the concordance between skin prick and intradermal test (IDT) reactivity to environmental allergens in atopic dogs using IDT as the gold standard. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:505-513. [PMID: 37382082 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prick testing is widely used as the first-line in vivo test for environmental allergens in people owing to its noninvasive nature and speed of performance. OBJECTIVES To determine concordance between skin prick testing (SPT) and intradermal testing (IDT) reactivity to environmental allergen mixes in dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD). ANIMALS Forty client-owned dogs with cAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin prick testing (GREER Pick System; Stallergenes Greer) and IDT were performed on 40 dogs using seven glycerinated and aqueous environmental allergen mixes, respectively (tree, grass and weed pollens, house dust mites and three mould mixes). Reactions for IDT and SPT were evaluated both subjectively and objectively (mean wheal diameter; MWD) and compared to saline and histamine controls. RESULTS Using IDT as the gold standard, with subjective scoring, SPT was 47.0% sensitive [95% confidence interval (CI) 36.0%-58.7%], 92.1% specific (95% CI 87.6%-95.3%) and agreement was moderate (79%, Cohen's kappa = 0.424). The positive predictive value of SPT was 36% and negative predictive value was 95%. Objective and subjective scores had only fair agreement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Skin prick testing with allergen mixes was specific yet poorly sensitive as compared to IDT. For both IDT and SPT, 95% (38 of 40) dogs failed to react to an allergen mix, despite showing a positive reaction to at least one component. Future studies comparing SPT and IDT should test individual allergens rather than mixes to prevent the dilution of individual components, which may have resulted in false negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew A Fleischman
- Department of Clinical Studies & Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel O Morris
- Department of Clinical Studies & Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Badulescu E, Sofou EΙ, Aleksandrova S, Chatzis M, Saridomichelakis MN. Investigation of the diagnostic performance of prick test with two environmental allergens in dogs with atopic dermatitis: A study using intradermal test as the gold standard. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:46-52. [PMID: 36229985 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no studies investigating the correlation between prick test (PT) and intradermal test (IDT) with environmental allergens in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVES To investigate the correlation between PT and IDT for two environmental allergens, and to calculate the sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of PT, using IDT as the gold standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two dogs with AD were selected. PT was performed with glycerinated allergen extracts, along with negative and positive controls, using the Greer Prick System. Reactions were interpreted (positive/negative) subjectively and by using seven objective criteria, by an examiner blinded to the IDT results. IDT reactions to the same allergens were interpreted, subjectively and objectively, by another masked investigator. The agreement between PT and IDT, the sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of PT, using IDT as gold standard, were calculated. RESULTS On subjective evaluation, the correlation between PT and IDT was poor and sensitivity of PT was 0%. Of the seven criteria for the objective evaluation of PT, the best diagnostic performance was attained when allergen-induced wheals were considered positive if their longest diameter was ≥8.5 mm. However, even then, the correlation with IDT was moderate, and the sensitivity of PT, albeit based on few positive IDT reactions, was low. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE At least as performed herein, PT has a poor-to-moderate correlation with IDT, mainly as a consequence of the lack of positive PT reactions. Further studies are needed to improve PT technique, yet, meanwhile, it cannot be recommended as a substitute for IDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Badulescu
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Evi Ι Sofou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Svetlina Aleksandrova
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Manolis Chatzis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
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Cerdeiro A, Farias M, Cunha V, Secchi G, Pacheco B, Alcalá C, Ganho R. Grass pollen sensitization in dogs in Paraná, Brazil: comparison between percutaneous and intradermal testing. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Canine atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory, genetic, pruritic and chronic dermatosis that affects between 10 and 30% of dogs and one of the most important allergens is grass pollen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitization to grass pollen allergens in dogs with canine atopic dermatitis and to compare intradermal skin test (IDT) with percutaneous test (PT). For this study, ten healthy dogs and 39 dogs with atopic dermatitis were tested. Dogs were submitted to IDT and PT for Lolium multiflorum, Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum notatum. The IDT and PT tests were compared using the Proportion Test. All healthy dogs were negative to both tests. Ten atopic dogs (25.6%) responded positively to the PT and none were positive in IDT. C. dactylon, L. multiflorum and P. notatum were responsible for positive reactions in 70%, 70% and 30% of positive dogs, respectively. The number of positive reactions in PT were statistically higher than IDT (P<0.05). In conclusion, grass pollen can be important source of allergens for dogs in Paraná state (Brazil) and the PT showed higher sensitization to grass pollen in dogs with atopic dermatitis than IDT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M.R. Farias
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - G.V. Secchi
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil
| | - B.D. Pacheco
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - R.G.R. Ganho
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil
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Santoro D, Pucheu-Haston CM, Prost C, Mueller RS, Jackson H. Clinical signs and diagnosis of feline atopic syndrome: detailed guidelines for a correct diagnosis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:26-e6. [PMID: 33470017 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline atopic syndrome (FAS) describes a spectrum of hypersensitivity disorders characterised by highly diverse clinical presentations including skin, gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. Among these disorders is feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS), in which hypersensitivity is typically associated with environmental allergens, although food allergy may coexist. Involvement of other organ systems (e.g. asthma) also may occur. Because of its highly heterogeneous clinical presentation, diagnosis of FASS can be challenging. OBJECTIVES A subgroup of the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals was tasked to summarise the most current information on the clinical presentations of FASS and to develop diagnostic guidelines. METHODS AND MATERIALS Online citation databases and abstracts from international meetings were searched for publications related to feline allergic conditions. These were combined with expert opinion where necessary. RESULTS A total of 107 publications relevant to this review were identified. Compilation of these data enabled development of a detailed description of the clinical features of FASS and development of guidelines focusing on systematic elimination of other skin conditions with similar clinical characteristics. As allergen tests are frequently used by dermatologists to support a clinical diagnosis of FASS, a brief review of these methodologies was also performed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In a similar way to atopic dermatitis in dogs, FASS is a clinical diagnosis based on the presence of compatible clinical signs and exclusion of other diseases with similar clinical features. Elimination or exclusion of fleas/flea allergy, other parasites, infections and food allergy is mandatory before reaching a diagnosis of FASS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Cherie M Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | | | - Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstr. 13, Munich, 50319, Germany
| | - Hilary Jackson
- Dermatology Referral Service, 528 Paisley Road West, Glasgow, G51 1RN, UK
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Foj R, Carrasco I, Clemente F, Scarampella F, Calvet A, Prats A, Vivancos S, Brazís P, Puigdemont A. Clinical efficacy of sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy in 22 cats with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:67-e12. [PMID: 33399258 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been deployed in humans and dogs; to the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no published studies about the use of SLIT in cats. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the clinical efficacy of SLIT in atopic cats sensitized to dust and storage mites, assessing immunological changes associated with SLIT treatment. ANIMALS Twenty-two client-owned cats with clinical signs compatible with feline atopic dermatitis (fAD) and serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E against house dust and storage mites. METHODS AND MATERIALS Prospective, multicentre, open-label clinical trial. Individualized mite-specific SLIT was administered orally for 12 months. All cats underwent clinical examination to record SCORing feline allergic dermatitis (SCORFAD), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) and serum allergen-specific IgE and IgG, every three months for 12 months. RESULTS Sixteen of 22 cats (73%) completed the study and three of six cats withdrawn from the study were included in an intention-to-treat analysis. SCORFAD and pVAS values decreased significantly from baseline (T0) to the third month of treatment (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0013, respectively), with median total values ranging from 19 (6-44) (T0) to 2.5 (0-17) (T12) (P = 0.0001), and from 8 (6-10) (T0) to 2.3 (0-8) (T12) (P = 0.0001), respectively. Allergen-specific IgE values decreased significantly from the ninth month (T9) of treatment (P = 0.0032), with median scores decreasing from 56 (12-729) (T0) to 34 (0-158) (T12) (P = 0.0208). No significant differences in allergen-specific IgG values were observed throughout the study. No adverse effects related to the use of SLIT were reported. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Sublingual immunotherapy should be considered a rapid, effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment in cats with feline atopic dermatitis fAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Foj
- Laboratorios LETI S.L.U., Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 184, Barcelona, 08038, Spain
| | - Isaac Carrasco
- Departament de Farmacologia,Terapèutica i Toxicologia. Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08913, Spain
| | - Federica Clemente
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Associato San Luca, Piazza della Pace, 4, Bologna, 40134, Italy
| | - Fabia Scarampella
- Studio Dermatologico Veterinario, Via Giancarlo Sismondi, 62, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Anna Calvet
- Clínica Felina Barcelona, Carrer Marquès del Campo Sagrado, 12, Barcelona, 08015, Spain
| | - Ana Prats
- Clínica Felina Barcelona, Carrer Marquès del Campo Sagrado, 12, Barcelona, 08015, Spain
| | - Susana Vivancos
- Laboratorios LETI S.L.U., Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 184, Barcelona, 08038, Spain
| | - Pilar Brazís
- Laboratorios LETI S.L.U., Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 184, Barcelona, 08038, Spain
| | - Anna Puigdemont
- Departament de Farmacologia,Terapèutica i Toxicologia. Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08913, Spain
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Carnett MJ, Plant JD. Percutaneous prick test irritant threshold concentrations for eight allergens in healthy nonsedated dogs in the USA. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:117-e47. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J.H. Carnett
- SkinVet Clinic; Suite 120, 15800 SW Upper Boones Ferry Road Lake Oswego OR 97035 USA
| | - Jon D. Plant
- SkinVet Clinic; Suite 120, 15800 SW Upper Boones Ferry Road Lake Oswego OR 97035 USA
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