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Alimsijah PI, Ang CY, Han HS. Old World Screwworm myiasis: First report of auricular Chrysomya bezziana myiasis in a dog in Singapore. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 48:100991. [PMID: 38316506 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
A German Shepherd dog was presented to a referral practice for screwworm myiasis affecting the ear. The successful management involved killing the larvae with afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime and using video otoscopy to completely remove dead larvae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of auricular myiasis by Chrysomya bezziana in a dog in Singapore and the first report of video otoscopic management of myiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Alimsijah
- Mount Pleasant Animal Clinic East, 152 East Coast Road, Singapore 428855.
| | - C Y Ang
- Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Hospital, 232 Whitley Road, Singapore 297824
| | - H S Han
- Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Hospital, 232 Whitley Road, Singapore 297824
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Abstract
Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato is currently recognized as a species complex with only Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto, Sporothrix globosa and Sporothrix pallida identified to cause disease in the cat. Feline sporotrichosis in Asia is mainly reported from Malaysia where a single clonal strain of clinical clade D, Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto manifesting low susceptibility to major antifungal classes, has been identified as the agent of the disease. Sporothrix globosa has been identified to cause disease from a single cat in Japan while the specific species of agent has not been identified yet for the disease in Thailand. Despite efforts to elucidate and describe the pathogenicity of the agent and the disease it causes, the paucity of data highlights the need for further molecular epidemiological studies to characterize this fungus and the disease it causes in Asia. Its prognosis remains guarded to poor due to issues pertaining to cost, protracted treatment course, zoonotic potential and low susceptibility of some strains to antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock Siew Han
- Vetderm Animal Skin and Ear Specialist Clinic, 9-1 JLN 23/70A, Plaza Crystalville 1, Desa Sri Hartamas, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rui Kano
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
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Pezzi M, Scapoli C, Chicca M, Leis M, Marchetti MG, Del Zingaro CNF, Vicentini CB, Mamolini E, Giangaspero A, Bonacci T. Cutaneous myiasis in cats and dogs: Cases, predisposing conditions and risk factors. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:378-384. [PMID: 33336900 PMCID: PMC8025654 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cases of cutaneous myiasis diagnosed in 2018 in Emilia‐Romagna region (northern Italy) were reported. The first one, described in a domestic cat Felis silvestris catus L. (Carnivora: Felidae) and caused by Calliphora vicina Robineau‐Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae), was the first one of this type ever reported in Italy in cats. The second one was described in a domestic dog Canis lupus familiaris L. (Carnivora: Canidae) and caused by Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and was unusual because it occurred in absence of lesions. An extensive literature search on cutaneous myiasis in these two domestic animal species was performed in order to draw attention to predisposing conditions and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pezzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Milvia Chicca
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marilena Leis
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elisabetta Mamolini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annunziata Giangaspero
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Teresa Bonacci
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Han HS, Yasmin L. Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae) infestation in two Malaysian cats treated with oral lotilaner. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:335-e87. [PMID: 32323413 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The most common fly species associated with screwworm myiasis in Southeast Asia is Chrysomya bezziana (Ch. bezziana), the Old-World screwworm. Treatment of screwworm myiasis in cats traditionally has comprised subcutaneous injection of ivermectin or oral administration of nitenpyram, combined with aggressive tissue debridement and larval removal under general anaesthesia. Two cats diagnosed with cutaneous myiasis caused by the larvae of Ch. bezziana were treated with lotilaner. In both cats, a single dose of lotilaner at 6-26 mg/kg, killed all larvae within 24 h, negating the need for general anaesthesia. Both cats were simultaneously infested with Lynxacarus radovskyi (L. radovskyi) which also was eradicated with lotilaner. No adverse reactions were observed and both cats recovered without complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock Siew Han
- Vetderm Animal Skin and Ear Specialist Clinic, 9-1 JLN 23/70A, Plaza Crystalville 1, Desa Sri Hartamas, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lynn Yasmin
- Lynn Veterinary Clinic, 39 JLN Opera K U2/K, TMN TTDI Jaya, 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Muñoz AAF, Marin JAM, Marcixgclia JAS, Leon JCP. First report of furuncular myiasis in a domestic dog caused by Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus, 1781) in Colombia. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 20:100402. [PMID: 32448519 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a case of furuncular myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis in a domestic dog from Colombia. A male domestic dog, German shepherd breed, of approximately 2 years old was brought for medical consultation. The reason was the presence of one furuncular lesion and discomfort in the patient. Clinical examination revealed a wound over the sacral area similar to an inflammatory papule, with a central punctum exuding a serosanguinous discharge. In the medical examination was applied pressure around the wound, that allowed evidencing a larva inside the tissue. The applied treatment was surgical removal of the larva in the dog. Treatment was complemented with Cephalexin (20 mg / kg, twice a day orally for 7 days), Meloxicam (0.2 mg / kg, once a day orally for 3 days) and cleaning with chlorhexidine, three times a day until removal of points 7 days later. The larva was sent to Parasitology laboratory of the UDES for morphology identification. The larva was identified as Dermatobia hominis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Alberto Florez Muñoz
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias (GICA), Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Jaime Andres Martinez Marin
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias (GICA), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jorge Alberto Solano Marcixgclia
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias (GICA), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Pinilla Leon
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias (GICA), Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Muñoz AAF, Caceres AFB, León JCP. First report of myiasis in dogs caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel 1858) in Colombia. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 19:100356. [PMID: 32057384 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports for the first time in Colombia, two myasis cases caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in stray dogs. Clinical examination of both patients revealed fever and a large wound at the palpebral level on the right side, and multiple perforating wounds in the right posterior limb where larvae were found. The treatment applied was the manual removal of larvae in the dogs, and subsequent eye enucleation in one dog due to the total loss of the upper right eyelid and the severe mechanical damage that the cornea received. Treatment was reinforced with repellents applied around the wounds and antibiotics. This finding of Cochliomyia hominivorax in stray dogs in Colombia raises concerns about the potential of dogs serving as a reservoir for human infection in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Alberto Florez Muñoz
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias (GICA), Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Andres Felipe Bermudez Caceres
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias (GICA), Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Juan Carlos Pinilla León
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias (GICA), Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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Oliveira PCD, Almeida GPSD, Cardoso JD, Tavares RB, Fernandes JI, Correia TR, Verocai GG, Scott FB. Efficacy of sarolaner on the treatment of myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2019; 276:108966. [PMID: 31759192 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the larval expulsion, larvicidal effect, retention rate of dead larvae and overall efficacy of sarolaner on the treatment of myiasis caused by New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax in naturally infested dogs. Eight Beagle dogs received a single dose of saroalner 40 mg, with dosage ranging from 2.7 mg/kg to 3.7 mg/kg. Evaluations occurred every 15 min in the first hour, every hour for up to 6 h, and after 24 h of treatment. At 24 h post-treatment, total wound cleaning was performed, including removal and counting of remaining live and dead larvae. The animals received antibiotic, analgesic and wound cleaning support until complete wound healing. The average expulsion of the larvae was 50.9 % occurring mainly after 4 h of treatment. The larvicidal effect was 70.6 % at 6 h after treatment and 100 % at 24 h. The mean retention rate of dead larvae of sarolaner was 33.9 %, The overall efficacy was 100 %, thus making sarolaner an excellent treatment option in myiasis caused by C. hominivorax larvae in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Cardim de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7 Anexo I do IV/UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pereira Salça de Almeida
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7 Anexo I do IV/UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jaime Dias Cardoso
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7 Anexo I do IV/UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renan Bernardes Tavares
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7 Anexo I do IV/UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Júlio Israel Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7 Anexo I do IV/UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Ribeiro Correia
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7 Anexo I do IV/UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Gomes Verocai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fabio Barbour Scott
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7 Anexo I do IV/UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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Pezzi M, Bonacci T, Leis M, Mamolini E, Marchetti MG, Krčmar S, Chicca M, Del Zingaro CNF, Faucheux MJ, Scapoli C. Myiasis in domestic cats: a global review. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:372. [PMID: 31358036 PMCID: PMC6664729 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Myiasis is an infestation caused by larvae of Diptera in humans and other vertebrates. In domestic cats, Felis silvestris catus L. (Carnivora: Felidae), four dipteran families have been reported as agents of obligatory and facultative myiasis: Oestridae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and Muscidae. Among agents of obligatory myiasis, the most frequent genus is Cuterebra Clark (Oestridae) and the most frequent species is Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Calliphoridae). Among the agents of facultative myiasis, the most frequent species is Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Calliphoridae). A survey of myiasis in cats reported in literature shows that the cases are distributed worldwide and linked to the geographical range of the dipteran species. Factors favouring the occurrence of myiasis in cats are prowling in infested areas, poor hygiene conditions due to diseases and/or neglect, and wounds inflicted during territorial or reproductive competition. The aim of the review is to provide an extended survey of literature on myiasis in cats, as general information and possible development of guidelines for veterinarians, entomologists and other researchers interested in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pezzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Teresa Bonacci
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marilena Leis
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mamolini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Marchetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stjepan Krčmar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Milvia Chicca
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Michel J. Faucheux
- Laboratoire d’Endocrinologie des Insectes Sociaux, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, B. P. 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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