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Kaushik N, Jaiswal A, Bhartiya P, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. TFCP2 as a therapeutic nexus: unveiling molecular signatures in cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10175-w. [PMID: 38451384 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10175-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes comprise most of the complex genomic landscape associated with cancer, with a minimal number of genes exhibiting dual-context-dependent functions. The transcription factor cellular promoter 2 (TFCP2), a pivotal transcription factor encoded by the alpha globin transcription factor CP2 gene, is a constituent of the TFCP2/grainyhead family of transcription factors. While grainyhead members have been extensively studied for their crucial roles in developmental processes, embryogenesis, and multiple cancers, the TFCP2 subfamily has been relatively less explored. The molecular mechanisms underlying TFCP2's involvement in carcinogenesis are still unclear even though it is a desirable target for cancer treatment and a therapeutic marker. This comprehensive literature review summarizes the molecular functions of TFCP2, emphasizing its involvement in cancer pathophysiology, particularly in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. It highlights TFCP2's critical function as a regulatory target and explores its potential as a prognostic marker for survival and inflammation in carcinomas. Its ambiguous association with carcinomas underlines the urgent need for an in-depth understanding to facilitate the development of more efficacious targeted therapeutic modality and diagnostic tools. This study aims to elucidate the multifaceted effects of TFCP2 regulation, through a comprehensive integration of the existing knowledge in cancer therapeutics. Furthermore, the clinical relevance and the inherent challenges encountered in investigating its intricate role in cancer pathogenesis have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, 18323, Korea
| | - Apurva Jaiswal
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea
| | - Pradeep Bhartiya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, 18323, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea.
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Choquet H, Jiang C, Yin J, Kim Y, Hoffmann TJ, Jorgenson E, Asgari MM. Multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel basal cell carcinoma loci and shared genetic effects with squamous cell carcinoma. Commun Biol 2024; 7:33. [PMID: 38182794 PMCID: PMC10770328 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, yet its genetic determinants are incompletely defined. We perform a European ancestry genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis and a Hispanic/Latino ancestry GWA meta-analysis and meta-analyze both in a multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of BCC, totaling 50,531 BCC cases and 762,234 controls from four cohorts (GERA, Mass-General Brigham Biobank, UK Biobank, and 23andMe research cohort). Here we identify 122 BCC-associated loci, of which 36 were novel, and subsequently fine-mapped these associations. We also identify an association of the well-known pigment gene SLC45A2 as well as associations at RCC2 and CLPTM1L with BCC in Hispanic/Latinos. We examine these BCC loci for association with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in 16,407 SCC cases and 762,486 controls of European ancestry, and 33 SNPs show evidence of association. Our study findings provide important insights into the genetic basis of BCC and cSCC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Yuhree Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Maryam M Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Bai X, Li Y, Li Y, Li F, Che N, Ni C, Zhao N, Zhao X, Liu T. GRHL2 Expression Functions in Breast Cancer Aggressiveness and Could Serve as Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2022; 16:11795549221109511. [PMID: 35898391 PMCID: PMC9310218 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignancy in women worldwide and the leading cause of female cancer-associated death in the world. Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) is an important gene involved in human cancer progression. However, the role of GRHL2 in BC is unknown. Methods In this study, we used in vitro experiments to verify the role of GRHL2 expression in BC progression. We used 14 databases to analyse the expression level of GRHL2 in BC and its prognostic and diagnostic value. In addition, the correlation between GRHL2 expression and immune cell infiltration and DNA methylation was also analysed. Results At the cellular level, overexpression of GRHL2 induced E-cadherin expression in BC cells with a mesenchymal phenotype and resulted in a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotype, which is more strongly correlated with tumour aggressiveness than a pure mesenchymal phenotype. Through analysis of various databases, we found that tumour tissue had a higher expression level of GRHL2. High expression of GRHL2 was associated with worse prognosis of BC patients and indicated that GRHL2 had significant diagnostic value. Grainyhead-like 2 is also related to immune infiltration and regulated by DNA methylation. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses showed that GRHL2-related signalling pathways in BC were related to tumour cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Conclusions In summary, evidence indicates that GRHL2 can be used as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Bai
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanlei Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Pathology, General
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Che
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Pathology, General
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunsheng Ni
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Pathology, General
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Pathology, General
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Pathology, General
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tieju Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Pathology, General
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tieju Liu, Department of Pathology, Tianjin
Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, HePing District, Tianjin, 30070,
China.
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