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Walker HK, Ottka C, Lohi H, Handel I, Clements DN, Gow AG, Mellanby RJ. Seasonal variation in serum metabolites of northern European dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 36:190-195. [PMID: 34921444 PMCID: PMC8783344 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic profiling identifies seasonal variance of serum metabolites in humans. Despite the presence of seasonal disease patterns, no studies have assessed whether serum metabolites vary seasonally in dogs. Hypothesis There is seasonal variation in the serum metabolite profiles of healthy dogs. Animals Eighteen healthy, client‐owned dogs. Methods A prospective cohort study. Serum metabolomic profiles were assessed monthly in 18 healthy dogs over a 12‐month period. Metabolic profiling was conducted using a canine‐specific proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy platform, and the effects of seasonality were studied for 98 metabolites using a cosinor model. Seasonal component was calculated, which describes the seasonal variation of each metabolite. Results We found no evidence of seasonal variation in 93 of 98 metabolites. Six metabolites had statistically significant seasonal variance, including cholesterol (mean 249 mg/dL [6.47 mmol/L] with a seasonal component amplitude of 9 mg/dL [0.23 mmol/L]; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6‐13 mg/dL [0.14‐0.33 mmol/L], P < .008), with a peak concentration of 264 mg/dL (6.83 mmol/L) in June and trough concentration of 236 mg/dL (6.12 mmol/L) in December. In contrast, there was a significantly lower concentration of lactate (mean 20 mg/dL [2.27 mmol/L] with a seasonal component amplitude of 4 mg/dL [0.42 mmol/L]; 95% CI 2‐6 mg/dL [0.22‐0.62 mmol/L], P < .001) during the summer months compared to the winter months, with a peak concentration of 26 mg/dL (2.9 mmol/L) in February and trough concentration of 14 mg/dL (1.57 mmol/L) in July. Conclusions and Clinical Importance We found no clear evidence that seasonal reference ranges need to be established for serum metabolites of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Walker
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Ottka
- PetBIOMICS Ltd, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- PetBIOMICS Ltd, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian Handel
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan N Clements
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Adam G Gow
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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ÖZBALCI D, ALANOĞLU EG, SAK R. İmmün Hemolitik Aneminin Mevsimsel Değişkenliği. ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2020. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.804346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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3
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Borchert C, Herman A, Roth M, Brooks AC, Friedenberg SG. RNA sequencing of whole blood in dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) reveals novel insights into disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240975. [PMID: 33091028 PMCID: PMC7580939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a life-threatening autoimmune disorder characterized by a self-mediated attack on circulating red blood cells. The disease occurs naturally in both dogs and humans, but is significantly more prevalent in dogs. Because of its shared features across species, dogs offer a naturally occurring model for studying IMHA in people. In this study, we used RNA sequencing of whole blood from treatment-naïve dogs to study transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression in newly diagnosed animals compared to healthy controls. We found many overexpressed genes in pathways related to neutrophil function, coagulation, and hematopoiesis. In particular, the most highly overexpressed gene in cases was a phospholipase scramblase, which mediates the externalization of phosphatidylserine from the inner to the outer leaflet of cell membranes. This family of genes has been shown to be critically important for programmed cell death of erythrocytes as well as the initiation of the clotting cascade. Unexpectedly, we found marked underexpression of many genes related to lymphocyte function. We also identified groups of genes that are highly associated with the inflammatory response and red blood cell regeneration in affected dogs. We did not find any genes that distinguished dogs that lived vs. those that died at 30 days following diagnosis, nor did we find any relevant genomic signatures of microbial organisms in the blood of affected animals. Future studies are warranted to validate these findings and assess their implication in developing novel therapeutic approaches for dogs and humans with IMHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corie Borchert
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Adam Herman
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Megan Roth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aimee C. Brooks
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Friedenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Barnes Heller HL, Granick MN, Pinkerton ME, Keuler NS. Case-control study of risk factors for granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 254:822-825. [PMID: 30888272 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.7.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify environmental and other variables associated with a diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) in dogs. DESIGN Case-control study. ANIMALS 31 dogs that received a histologic diagnosis of GME (case dogs) from January 2003 to January 2014 and 91 age- and breed-matched dogs. PROCEDURES Data were obtained from each dog's medical records regarding home address, signalment, body weight, body condition score (BCS), vaccination history, and date of diagnosis (case dogs) or visit (control dogs). Home address data were used to determine the human population density in each dog's geographic region. Seasonal distributions of GME diagnoses in the case group were evaluated for differences. Case and control dogs were compared with respect to the remaining variables. RESULTS For case dogs, no significant difference was identified among seasons in the distribution of GME diagnoses; however, such diagnoses were more common in the spring than in other seasons. No significant differences were identified between case and control dogs in age, body weight, BCS, human population density, season of diagnosis or visit, or time of last vaccination. Although females appeared more likely than males to have a GME diagnosis, this association was not significant and did not change when BCS, time since last vaccination, or human population density was considered. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE None of the evaluated factors, including investigated environmental triggers, were associated with a GME diagnosis in the dogs of this study. Additional research is warranted involving dogs from a broader geographic area.
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Kidd L. Optimal Vector-borne Disease Screening in Dogs Using Both Serology-based and Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Diagnostic Panels. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:703-718. [PMID: 30975506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne disease and idiopathic immune-mediated disease present similarly. Diagnostic panels that include multiple organisms help detect infection and identify coinfections. Comprehensive diagnostic panels that combine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology should be used in initial screening to maximize sensitivity and identify infection. Repeat testing using PCR is warranted in dogs at high risk of infection with organisms that circulate in blood in low numbers or intermittently. Convalescent serologic testing can help diagnose acute infection. This article discusses the pathophysiology and epidemiology of the organisms, panel selection, and how to recognize when more aggressive testing for an organism is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kidd
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
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Garden OA, Kidd L, Mexas AM, Chang YM, Jeffery U, Blois SL, Fogle JE, MacNeill AL, Lubas G, Birkenheuer A, Buoncompagni S, Dandrieux JRS, Di Loria A, Fellman CL, Glanemann B, Goggs R, Granick JL, LeVine DN, Sharp CR, Smith-Carr S, Swann JW, Szladovits B. ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:313-334. [PMID: 30806491 PMCID: PMC6430921 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. IMHA also occurs in cats, although less commonly. IMHA is considered secondary when it can be attributed to an underlying disease, and as primary (idiopathic) if no cause is found. Eliminating diseases that cause IMHA may attenuate or stop immune-mediated erythrocyte destruction, and adverse consequences of long-term immunosuppressive treatment can be avoided. Infections, cancer, drugs, vaccines, and inflammatory processes may be underlying causes of IMHA. Evidence for these comorbidities has not been systematically evaluated, rendering evidence-based decisions difficult. We identified and extracted data from studies published in the veterinary literature and developed a novel tool for evaluation of evidence quality, using it to assess study design, diagnostic criteria for IMHA, comorbidities, and causality. Succinct evidence summary statements were written, along with screening recommendations. Statements were refined by conducting 3 iterations of Delphi review with panel and task force members. Commentary was solicited from several professional bodies to maximize clinical applicability before the recommendations were submitted. The resulting document is intended to provide clinical guidelines for diagnosis of, and underlying disease screening for, IMHA in dogs and cats. These should be implemented with consideration of animal, owner, and geographical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Garden
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Linda Kidd
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Angela M Mexas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Unity Jeffery
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Shauna L Blois
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan E Fogle
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Amy L MacNeill
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - George Lubas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adam Birkenheuer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Simona Buoncompagni
- Internal Medicine Service, Central Oklahoma Veterinary Specialists, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Julien R S Dandrieux
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antonio Di Loria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claire L Fellman
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Glanemann
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Goggs
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jennifer L Granick
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Dana N LeVine
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Claire R Sharp
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - James W Swann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Balazs Szladovits
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Goggs R, Rishniw M. Response to Letter Regarding IMHA. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 27:148-150. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853
| | - Mark Rishniw
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, Veterinary Information Network; 777 W Covell Boulevard Davis CA 95615
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Johnson V, Burgess B, Morley P, Bragg R, Avery A, Dow S. Comparison of cytokine responses between dogs with sepsis and dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 180:15-20. [PMID: 27692090 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine abnormalities have been described previously in dogs with varied immune mediated and inflammatory conditions such as IMHA and sepsis. The purpose of this study was to establish references ranges for cytokine levels in dogs and to compare cytokine levels in normal dogs and dogs with two common inflammatory diseases (sepsis and IMHA). We hypothesized that cytokine response profiles in dogs with sepsis would be significantly different from those in dogs with IMHA due to the very different etiologies of the two diseases. Concentrations of 14 different cytokines in serum were measured and values grouped according to cytokine function. Serum from clinically normal dogs was used to establish cytokine concentration reference ranges. Rank values for each of the 4 cytokine groups were then compared statistically between healthy control, septic and IMHA dogs. This analysis revealed differences in cytokine groups between dogs with sepsis and IMHA when compared to healthy control dogs but no difference between dogs with either of these conditions. In conclustion, dogs in the early stage of sepsis and IMHA have similar circulating cytokines despite different etiologies suggesting activation of common immunologic pathways. This may have implications for immunotherapy of immune mediated diseases in dogs of varying etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Brandy Burgess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Paul Morley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Ryan Bragg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Anne Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States.
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