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Eaton JS, Potnis SS, Cavanaugh A, Davis CA, Teixeira LBC, Shaw GC. Clinicopathologic profiles of canine ocular melanosis: A comparative study between cairn terriers and non-cairn terriers. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:266-276. [PMID: 38270513 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify canine breeds at risk for ocular melanosis and to compare the clinical and histologic features between affected Cairn Terriers (CTs) and non-Cairn Terriers (NCTs). DESIGN Relative risk (RR) analysis and retrospective cohort study of dogs histologically diagnosed with ocular melanosis. PROCEDURES The COPLOW archive was searched for globe submissions diagnosed with ocular melanosis. Six hundred fifty globes were included, and RR analysis was performed to identify at-risk NCT breeds. A cohort of 360 CT and NCT globes diagnosed from 2013 to 2023 were included in the retrospective cohort study. Clinical data were collected from submission forms, medical records, and follow-up surveys. One hundred fifty-seven submissions underwent masked histologic review. Immunohistochemical staining for CD204 was performed to determine the predominance of melanophages in affected uvea from five NCTs. RESULTS At-risk NCT breeds included the Boxer, Labrador Retriever, and French Bulldog. Glaucoma was the reported reason for enucleation in 79.4% of submissions. At enucleation, clinical features less prevalent in NCTs than CTs included pigmentary abnormalities in the contralateral eye (33.7% vs. 63.1%, p = .0008) and abnormal episcleral/scleral pigmentation in the enucleated globe (25.4% vs. 53.6%, p = .0008). Histologic involvement of the episclera was also less frequent in NCTs than in CTs (39.7% vs. 76.9%, p = .008). Concurrent melanocytic neoplasms arising in melanosis were more common in NCTs (24.4%) than CTs (3.9%). Melanophages were not predominant in any samples evaluated immunohistochemically. CONCLUSIONS Several popular NCT breeds carry risk for ocular melanosis, and some clinicopathologic disease features may differ from those described in CTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seth Eaton
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sanskruti S Potnis
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexis Cavanaugh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cody A Davis
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Leandro B C Teixeira
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gillian C Shaw
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Scaillierez AJ, van Nieuwamerongen-de Koning SE, Boumans IJMM, van der Tol PPJ, Schnabel SK, Bokkers EAM. Effect of light intensity on behaviour, health and growth of growing-finishing pigs. Animal 2024; 18:101092. [PMID: 38412781 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of light intensity has been explored in relation to endocrine functions and reproduction in pigs, but effects on health and behaviour are scarcely documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different light intensities on behaviour, health and growth of growing-finishing pigs. An experiment was conducted on a commercial farm equipped with light-emitting diode-based luminaires creating four light intensity treatments: low (45 lux), medium (198 lux), high (968 lux) and spatial gradient of intensity (from 71 lux to 330 lux). Per treatment, 112 pigs were studied in two batches of eight pens. Once every two weeks behaviours such as exploration, positive and negative social interactions, play and abnormal behaviours were observed. Health issues were assessed weekly and included biting lesions, skin lesions, leg and respiratory disorders. The average daily gain over the experiment was calculated and after slaughter carcasses were inspected. Generalised linear mixed models were used for the analysis of behaviours, binary health scores, carcass abnormalities, ordinal logistic regression for multilevel health scores, and linear mixed models for average daily gain. Interactions between intensity and week were found for some behaviours (i.e., exploration, negative social interactions and abnormal behaviour) and health issues (i.e., tear stains, conjunctivitis, body lesions, bursitis and tail lesions). However, none of the treatments consistently outperformed another one. Light treatments did not affect pig growth and carcass abnormalities. These variable results support studies suggesting that pigs are adaptable to light intensities, and inconsistencies over weeks might have been caused by environmental factors that could not be controlled in a commercial farm setting. To conclude, tested light intensities had no clear effects on pig behaviour, health and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scaillierez
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - I J M M Boumans
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P P J van der Tol
- Agricultural Biosystems Engineering Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S K Schnabel
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E A M Bokkers
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Lee E, Jeong D, Jeong Y, Susanti L, Go DM, Seo K, Kang S. Two different procedures for managing ocular melanosis presenting scleral pigmentation with glaucoma in a Shih-Tzu dog: A case of definitive diagnosis in one eye and a presumed diagnosis in the contralateral eye. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:1087-1092. [PMID: 36913111 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A 12-year-old castrated male Shih-Tzu dog was referred for uncontrolled glaucoma and uveitis with highly pigmented sclera, in both eyes (OU). On ophthalmic examination, the menace response, dazzle reflex and pupillary light reflex were negative OU. The intraocular pressure was 27 mmHg in the right eye (OD) and 70 mmHg in the left eye (OS) despite the administration of antiglaucoma eyedrops. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed a closed ciliary cleft OU. Ocular ultrasonography revealed hyperechoic materials in the vitreous OU and retinal detachment OS. When presented for recheck, an extensive malacic corneal ulcer was observed OS. To relieve pain in the blind eyes, enucleation OS and pharmacologic ciliary body ablation (CBA) OD were performed. Histologically, ocular melanosis, which is an inherited disease in the Cairn Terrier breed, was identified in the enucleated eye. The uvea was heavily pigmented. The iris and ciliary body were mildly distorted by a single population of large, round, nonneoplastic cells with pigmented cytoplasm. There was no evidence of an intraocular mass or metastasis before and after intravitreal CBA. This is the first report of bilateral ocular melanosis in a Shih-Tzu dog. Ocular melanosis is a possible differential diagnosis for globe presenting scleral pigmentation with glaucoma in even non-Cairn Terrier breeds and pharmacologic CBA could be considered as a treatment for ocular melanosis with end-stage glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajeong Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lina Susanti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Min Go
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Guerra Guimarães T, Menezes Cardoso K, Tralhão P, Marto CM, Alexandre N, Botelho MF, Laranjo M. Current Therapeutics and Future Perspectives to Ocular Melanocytic Neoplasms in Dogs and Cats. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8120225. [PMID: 34940378 PMCID: PMC8698280 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasms of melanocytic origin are diseases relevant to dogs and cats' ophthalmic oncology due to their incidence, potential visual loss, and consequent decrease in life quality and expectancy. Despite its non-specific clinical presentation, melanocytic neoplasms can be histologically distinguished in melanocytomas, which present benign characteristics, and malignant melanomas. The diagnosis often occurs in advanced cases, limiting the therapeutic options. Surgery, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and laser are currently available therapeutic strategies. As no clinical guidelines are available, the treatment choice is primarily based on the clinician's preference, proficiency, and the owner's financial constraints. While surgery is curative in benign lesions, ocular melanomas present a variable response to treatments, besides the potential of tumour recurrences or metastatic disease. This review presents the currently available therapies for ocular melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats, describing the therapeutic, indications, and limitations. Additionally, new therapeutics being developed are presented and discussed, as they can improve the current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarcísio Guerra Guimarães
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training (IIFA), University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; (T.G.G.); (K.M.C.)
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Karla Menezes Cardoso
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training (IIFA), University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; (T.G.G.); (K.M.C.)
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Tralhão
- Center of Veterinary Ophthalmology, Oftalvet, 4050-102 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Alexandre
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Mitsui I, Nishimura S. Concurrent lacrimal gland melanocytoma and ocular melanocytosis in a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 34:121-125. [PMID: 34515584 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211045027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-y-5-mo-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog with buphthalmia and elevated intraocular pressure in the left eye, consistent with glaucoma, was evaluated. Black-pigmented, slightly elevated tissue with irregular margins was noted on the dorsolateral aspect of the left globe. Ultrasonography detected a mass, later identified as lacrimal gland, adjacent to the globe and the thickened uvea. The surgically removed lacrimal gland was effaced by dense sheets of melanin-laden cells. Within the enucleated globe, numerous melanin-laden cells infiltrated and expanded the rostral two-thirds thickness of the cornea, the entire anterior uvea (iris and ciliary body), and a rostral portion of the choroid. Melanin-laden cells in the left lacrimal gland and globe showed no nuclear atypia or mitotic figures, and reacted to anti-S100 and anti-melan A antibodies by immunohistochemistry. Our final diagnosis was concurrent lacrimal gland melanocytoma and ocular melanocytosis. The trabecular meshwork of the eye was obliterated by melanin-laden cells, which was the likely cause of glaucoma in this patient. To our knowledge, melanocytoma affecting the lacrimal gland has not been reported previously in a non-human mammalian species. Veterinary clinicians are encouraged to include melanocytoma in the differential list when examining an enlarged lacrimal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikki Mitsui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
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Roberts JK, de Linde Henriksen M, Sharkey L, Lim CC, Reilly CM. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:265-268. [PMID: 33496612 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.3.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang AL, Kern T. Melanocytic Ophthalmic Neoplasms of the Domestic Veterinary Species: A Review. Top Companion Anim Med 2015; 30:148-57. [PMID: 27154598 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytic neoplasms in veterinary species occur in various ophthalmic locations including the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, sclera, anterior and posterior uvea, and orbit. Histology usually provides the definitive diagnosis for melanocytic ocular neoplasias. The degree of tissue invasiveness and anaplastic cellular characteristics are more reliable indicators of biological behavior than is mitotic index in most ophthalmic melanocytic tumors. Melanocytic neoplasias of the eyelid are predominantly benign in canines and equines, though in felines, there is the potential for metastasis, especially if the conjunctiva is involved. Limbal melanocytic tumors are predominantly benign in all the studied species, though there is a bimodal occurrence with this tumor type in canines, where those that appear in dogs younger than 4 years tended toward active growth, whereas those that appear in dogs older than 8 years tended to progress more slowly, and may not require therapy. The most common location for melanocytic ocular neoplasias in both canines and felines is the anterior uvea. Feline diffuse iris melanoma in particular has a higher incidence of metastasis than does canine nodular anterior uveal melanocytoma. In contrast, posterior uveal melanocytic tumors are rare in both canine and feline species and are considered benign. Orbital melanoma is rare in both canine and feline species; however, it generally carries a grave prognosis owing to its malignant nature. Knowledge of the general biological behavior and its variability among locations within the eye and between species is essential in therapeutic planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Kern
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Dees DD, Schobert CS, Dubielzig RR, Stein TJ. Third eyelid gland neoplasms of dogs and cats: a retrospective histopathologic study of 145 cases. Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 19:138-43. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Dustin Dees
- From Eye Care for Animals; 12419 Metric Blvd Austin TX 78758 USA
| | - Charles S. Schobert
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 2015 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Richard R. Dubielzig
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 2015 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Timothy J. Stein
- Department of Medical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 2015 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
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