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Aytaş Ç, Gilardini R, Beghelli A, Barili PA, Ori M, Cantile C. Spinal Cord Medulloepithelioma in a Cat. Vet Sci 2024; 11:177. [PMID: 38668444 PMCID: PMC11054255 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A 13-month-old, neutered, male, domestic shorthair cat was referred with a history of progressive paraparesis, proprioceptive ataxia, and lumbar spinal pain. Neurological examination revealed non-ambulatory paraparesis consistent with L4-S1 myelopathy. Magnetic resonance of the thoracolumbar spinal cord identified a dorsal intradural extramedullary space-occupying lesion extending from L5 to L6. It was homogeneously hyperintense in T2-weighted imaging and isointense in T1-weighted imaging and exhibited marked and homogeneous contrast enhancement in the T1-weighted post-contrast imaging. The removed tissue was composed of neoplastic cells arranged as pseudostratified or multilayered trabecular and tubular structures, supported by internal and external limiting PAS-positive membranes. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for vimentin and NSE and negative for GFAP, Olig2, synaptophysin, PCK, S-100, NeuN, and nestin. The Ki-67 nuclear labeling index was up to 90%. The tumor was consistent with the diagnosis of medulloepithelioma, which is most frequently reported as an intraocular tumor. The morphological and immunohistochemical features of the tumor showed remarkable concordance with most human medulloepitheliomas. This is the first spinal cord medullopethelioma report in a cat, with the clinical, neuroradiological, histological, and immunohistochemical findings being described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağla Aytaş
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Gilardini
- Clinica Veterinaria Città di Voghera, 27058 Voghera, Italy; (R.G.); (A.B.); (P.A.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Annalisa Beghelli
- Clinica Veterinaria Città di Voghera, 27058 Voghera, Italy; (R.G.); (A.B.); (P.A.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Paolo Andrea Barili
- Clinica Veterinaria Città di Voghera, 27058 Voghera, Italy; (R.G.); (A.B.); (P.A.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Melissa Ori
- Clinica Veterinaria Città di Voghera, 27058 Voghera, Italy; (R.G.); (A.B.); (P.A.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Carlo Cantile
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
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Malignant ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma in two cats. J Comp Pathol 2023; 201:10-12. [PMID: 36646033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Medulloepithelioma is a type of rare primitive neuroectodermal tumour. Most medulloepitheliomas are intraocular and they have been most frequently reported in horses and dogs. A single feline case has been reported but the teratoid form has not been previously reported in cats. Two cats presented with rapidly expanding intraocular masses and ophthalmic examination revealed vascularized uveal tumours extending into the anterior chamber and vitreous chamber. Following enucleation, histopathological examination of each case revealed a focally extensive infiltrative neoplasm that replaced the uveal tract, with retinal detachment and scleral vascular invasion. Rosettes, medullary tubes and heterotopic tissue were present. During follow-up periods of 3.4 and 8.8 years, no evidence of orbital recurrence or metastasis was found in either cat. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first case reports of teratoid medulloepithelioma in cats. Although the risk of metastasis cannot be excluded, as in other species, these findings support enucleation as a curative intervention.
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Bertram CA, Halter L, Feyer S, Klopfleisch R, Müller K. Retrobulbar Adenocarcinoma with Subconjunctival Extension in a Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo). J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:78-84. [DOI: 10.1647/20-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Darden JE, Hoppes SM, Aceino AM, Porter BF, Scott EM. Uveal Malignant Melanoma in a Hybrid Macaw Parrot ( Ara chloropterus × Ara militaris). J Avian Med Surg 2021; 35:367-373. [PMID: 34677036 DOI: 10.1647/20-00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An adult male green-winged (Ara chloropterus) × military (Ara militaris) hybrid macaw of unknown age was presented to the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for evaluation of left periocular swelling, blepharospasm, and ocular discharge. Complete ophthalmic examination and B mode ocular ultrasonography were performed to evaluate the affected eye. Ocular examination revealed a blind left globe with exophthalmos, periocular swelling, diffuse corneal edema, and severe anterior fibrinous uveitis obscuring visualization of the intraocular structures. An ultrasound examination revealed a hyperechoic mass that filled the posterior segment of the globe. Focal discontinuity of the posterior sclera suggested scleral rupture. Enucleation with histopathology was recommended and performed 1.5 months later. Intraoperatively, a heavily pigmented and friable soft tissue mass extruded through the posterior sclera and extended into the orbit. Histologically, the mass was consistent with a malignant melanoma. The patient died 18 hours after the surgical procedure because of unknown complications. Postmortem examination did not identify evidence of metastasis. This study described the clinical appearance and histopathologic findings of a rare ocular neoplasm with extrascleral extension in a hybrid macaw. Although uncommon in psittacine birds, primary ocular melanocytic neoplasms may display features of malignancy with scleral or orbital invasion, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Darden
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sharman M Hoppes
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alexander M Aceino
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA
| | - Brian F Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA
| | - Erin M Scott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA,
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Leal de Araújo J, Arruda ACAM, Santos NTA, Dias GF, Nery TFL, Del Piero F, Ploeg R, Porter BF, Langohr IM. Ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma in a northern red-shouldered macaw: case report and literature review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:600-604. [PMID: 33568016 DOI: 10.1177/1040638721994601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-mo-old northern red-shouldered macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis) was admitted to the veterinary hospital of the Arruda Câmara Zoo, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, for investigation of an orbital mass. Given rapid progression and lack of response to treatment, the bird was euthanized, and an autopsy was performed. Histologically, the mass consisted of a retrobulbar invasive tumor characterized by tubular and rosette-like structures, with interspersed heteroplastic tissues, such as aggregates of neuroglial cells and islands of hyaline cartilage. The tumor was immunopositive for pancytokeratin, GFAP, NSE, and S100. These findings were compatible with an ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma, a neoplasm best described in humans but also reported rarely in young cockatiels and African Grey parrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeann Leal de Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Alice C A M Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Nayadjala T A Santos
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Glenison F Dias
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade Nova Esperança-FAMENE, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Thiago F L Nery
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Parque Zoobotânico Arruda Câmara, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Fabio Del Piero
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Richard Ploeg
- Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian F Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ingeborg M Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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What Is Your Diagnosis? J Avian Med Surg 2020; 34:403-408. [PMID: 33355419 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.4.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Darden JE, Winkel-Blair AM, Edwards EE, Hoppes SM, Mansell J, Scott EM. Follicular choristoma in the third eyelid of an eclectus parrot ( Eclectus roratus). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:98-101. [PMID: 31194665 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.1.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 1-year-old male eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) with a 3- to 4-month history of blepharospasm in the right eye was referred to a veterinary medical teaching hospital for further evaluation. Conventional medical treatments had been ineffective. The referring avian specialist had plucked a suspected ectopic feather from the right eye 6 weeks prior to the referral evaluation. CLINICAL FINDINGS The parrot was sedated, and ophthalmic examination of the right eye with slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed a 3 × 2 × 2-mm raised vascular mass with a focally pigmented center associated with the temporal aspect of the leading edge of the third eyelid. No abnormalities were detected in the left eye. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The parrot was anesthetized, and the right eye mass was excised and submitted for histologic examination. Histologically, there was a single pigmented feather follicle bulb surrounded by multiple discrete lymphoid follicles and moderate lymphoplasmacytic inflammation within the substantia propria of the third eyelid conjunctiva. The histologically normal feather follicle in an abnormal location classified the lesion as a choristoma. Nine months after surgery, the parrot had no signs of ocular discomfort and no overt regrowth of the feather follicle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE For the eclectus parrot of this report, a lesion caused by normal differentiation of an ectopic feather follicle in the right third eyelid was successfully treated. A third eyelid choristoma appears to be a hitherto unreported pathological finding in avian species. Although rare, the presence of a choristoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for birds with blepharospasm.
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Thielen LE, Sledge DG, Hess L. Ocular Iridociliary Adenoma in a Congo African Grey Parrot ( Psittacus erithacus). J Avian Med Surg 2020; 33:278-284. [PMID: 31893623 DOI: 10.1647/2018-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 19-year-old female Congo African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) presented for an oval, solid, pigmented, suspected intraocular mass with extrascleral extension through the inferior cornea of the left eye. The eye was nonvisual, and intraocular portions of the mass significantly altered the posterior chamber. Neoplasia was confirmed by biopsy, and enucleation was performed because of the severity of ocular disease, loss of vision, enhancement of patient comfort, and potential metastasis. Histopathologic examination of the entire globe revealed a pigmented iridociliary adenoma. Iridociliary adenomas have been rarely reported in birds, and this case report details diagnosis and treatment. Iridociliary adenomas in other species are often benign, indicating this neoplasia can be successfully treated with no reoccurrence by complete excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Thielen
- Veterinary Center for Birds & Exotics, Bedford Hills, NY 10507, USA
| | - Dodd G Sledge
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Laurie Hess
- Veterinary Center for Birds & Exotics, Bedford Hills, NY 10507, USA
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Abstract
Avian ocular disease may be primary or a manifestation of systemic disease. Various infectious and noninfectious diseases have been reported to cause ocular pathology. Thorough physical examination and diagnostic testing are necessary to determine a treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Griggs
- North Houston Veterinary Ophthalmology, 1646 Spring Cypress Road, Suite 116, Spring, TX 77388, USA.
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Visser M, Walz H, Shrader S, Koehler J, Bellah J. Central Nervous System B-cell Lymphoma in a Bald Eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus). J Avian Med Surg 2018; 32:40-44. [PMID: 29698076 DOI: 10.1647/2016-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An adult bald eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus) presented for nystagmus and an inability to fly. On physical examination, the eagle was open-mouth breathing and tachycardic at 200 beats per minute, had a wrinkled cere and sunken eyes, and was an estimated 10% dehydrated. Additionally, the eagle was extremely weak, with neurologic abnormalities including bilateral proprioceptive deficits, nystagmus, and no pupillary light reflex in the left eye. Despite aggressive treatment, the eagle continued to decline rapidly and subsequently died. On histologic examination, diffuse and widespread infiltration of neoplastic lymphocytes was present in the brain, optic nerves, and pecten. Immunohistochemical PAX-5 labeling confirmed B-cell lymphoma confined to the eye and nervous system. Test results for select avian retroviruses, Marek's disease, West Nile virus, avian influenza viruses, and Mycoplasma were negative. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B-cell lymphoma in a bald eagle. Although rare, this condition is a differential diagnosis in cases of neurologic or ocular diseases in birds.
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Robat CS, Ammersbach M, Mans C. Avian Oncology: Diseases, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2017; 20:57-86. [PMID: 27890293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Companion birds are increasingly living longer due to improved husbandry, nutrition, and veterinary care. As a consequence, a growing number of geriatric disease conditions are diagnosed and managed by veterinarians. Awareness of bird owners of diagnostic and treatment options for neoplastic diseases in humans and domestic animals has led to increasing demand to provide advanced diagnostic and treatment modalities for companion birds diagnosed with neoplasia. Treatment remains challenging in many companion birds due to the lack of information regarding prognosis and efficacy of antineoplastic treatments in these species. There is no established standard of care for most tumors in companion birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia S Robat
- Veterinary Emergency Service, Veterinary Specialty Center, 1612 North High Point Road, Middleton, WI 53562, USA.
| | - Melanie Ammersbach
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Building 89, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Christoph Mans
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Perrin KL, Bertelsen MF, Bartholin H, Grøndahl C, Heegaard S. Conjunctival mucinous adenocarcinoma in an ostrich (Struthio camelus
). Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 20:547-550. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Perrin
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health; Copenhagen Zoo; Frederiksberg 2000 Denmark
| | - Mads F. Bertelsen
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health; Copenhagen Zoo; Frederiksberg 2000 Denmark
| | | | - Carsten Grøndahl
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health; Copenhagen Zoo; Frederiksberg 2000 Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Pathology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Hausmann JC, Mans C, Gosling A, Miller JL, Chamberlin T, Dunn JR, Miller PE, Sladky KK. Bilateral Uveitis and Hyphema in a Catalina Macaw (Ara ararauna×Ara macao) With Multicentric Lymphoma. J Avian Med Surg 2016; 30:172-8. [DOI: 10.1647/2015-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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