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Ghosn C, Rajagopalan L, Ugarte S, Mistry S, Orilla W, Goodkin ML, Robinson MR, Engles M, Dibas M. Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Efficacy of a Sustained-Release Bimatoprost Implant in Dog Eyes Pretreated with Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:311-318. [PMID: 35442770 PMCID: PMC9125576 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of a biodegradable bimatoprost implant following selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in a canine model. Methods: Unilateral SLT was performed in 11 normotensive, treatment-naive beagle dogs. IOP was measured at baseline (pre-SLT) and weekly post-SLT (≤10 weeks). After IOP returned to baseline or at 10 weeks (whichever occurred first), a sustained-release bimatoprost implant was administered bilaterally in the anterior chamber of each animal. IOP was measured weekly for 4 weeks and then every 2 weeks up to week 42. Results: The main outcomes included the IOP change (%) from baseline, calculated in both eyes in the overall population, SLT responder subgroup (defined by peak IOP reduction from baseline ≥3 mmHg or ≥15% for >1 week post-SLT), and SLT nonresponder subgroup (defined by peak IOP reduction from baseline <3 mmHg or <15%). The bimatoprost implant lowered IOP similarly in both the SLT-treated and fellow SLT-naive eyes. Following bimatoprost implant administration, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) peak IOP reduction from baseline was 34.4% (8.5%) in SLT-treated eyes and 35.7% (5.9%) in fellow SLT-naive eyes. The bimatoprost implant lowered IOP comparably (P > 0.17) in eyes that responded to SLT (mean [SD] peak IOP reduction, 34.6% [10.7%]; n = 6) and those that did not (mean [SD] peak IOP reduction, 34.1% [6.1%]; n = 5). Conclusion: The bimatoprost implant effectively lowered IOP in eyes pretreated with SLT, regardless of response to SLT. The current data suggest that eyes previously treated with SLT can still benefit from the intracameral bimatoprost implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corine Ghosn
- Allergan, An AbbVie Company, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Sveti Ugarte
- Allergan, An AbbVie Company, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shruti Mistry
- Allergan, An AbbVie Company, Irvine, California, USA
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Diehl KA, Hofmeister EH, Keys DA, Kennedy CR. Single instead of triplicate intraocular pressure measurements in dogs do not substantially lower accuracy and precision but do slightly reduce statistical power. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:349-355. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.08.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To compare single and triplicate applanation tonometry values across previous intraocular pressure (IOP) studies in dogs.
ANIMALS
116 ophthalmologically normal dogs.
PROCEDURES
Triplicate IOP readings (n = 1432) from studies evaluating effect of anesthetic protocols were analyzed to estimate a range of probable differences between averaged triplicate and first, averaged and lowest, and first and lowest IOPs. The decrease in variability with triplicate measurements and the magnitude of effects on statistical power were quantified.
RESULTS
The 2.5th to 97.5th interpercentile range for differences of averaged triplicate values minus first IOP readings was –3 to 2.7 mm Hg; for averaged minus lowest: 0 to 3.7 mm Hg; for first minus lowest: 0 to 5 mm Hg. The 95% prediction interval for differences in study group means (n = 160 groups, n = 5 to 11 eyes per group) based on averaged minus first measurements was –1.0 to 0.9 mm Hg with associated SDs reduced by 4% on average. Analysis of previous studies using averaged instead of first IOP values resulted in minimal decreases in SEs of 3–9% (0.03 to 0.09 mm Hg). Of 11 comparisons found significant with averaged data, 2 (18%) were found nonsignificant with first measurements. Of 96 comparisons found nonsignificant with averaged data, 3 (3%) were found significant with first measurements.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
With applanation tonometry in ophthalmologically normal dogs, no clinically meaningful difference was found between the first, lowest, or averaged triplicate IOP measurements, but the first reading has a larger variance and hence will result in lower statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Diehl
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Erik H. Hofmeister
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Deborah A. Keys
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Chris R. Kennedy
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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Arad D, Komoron S, Pe'er O, Sebbag L, Ofri R. Mucoadhesive Polymers Enhance Ocular Drug Delivery: Proof of Concept Study with 0.5% Tropicamide in Dogs. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 38:141-147. [PMID: 34962150 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the efficacy of 0.5% tropicamide applied after topical administration of 1.4% hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or 1.2% hyaluronic acid (HA) at different time intervals. Methods: Eleven healthy Labrador retriever dogs were used. The study consisted of 7 trials in which pupil diameter (PD) was measured every 30 min for 7 h after drug administration. In trial 1, PD was measured after tropicamide application (control). In trials 2-7, PD was measured after treatment with tropicamide 10 s, 1 and 5 min after application of HEC or HA. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc Holm-Sidak tests. Results: Maximal PD (mean ± standard deviation) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) in 5 of 6 experimental trials, with the greatest PD recorded when HEC was applied 1 min (12.2 ± 0.4 mm) and HA 10 s (12.3 ± 0.5 mm) before tropicamide, compared with 11.2 ± 0. 7 mm in control trial 1. PD >10 mm was maintained for 2.75-5 h in trials 2-7 and 2.25 h in trial 1 (P < 0.001). Area under the PD-time curve ranged from 61.9 to 71.3 ± 2.9 mm·hours in trials 2-7, significantly greater than 59.3 ± 1.8 mm·hours in control trial 1 (P ≤ 0.031). Conclusions: Tropicamide efficacy was enhanced by prior administration of a mucoadhesive polymer. Additional studies are needed to determine if HEC and HA of varying concentrations similarly extend and potentiate the effect of other topical ophthalmic drugs in canine eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikla Arad
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shachar Komoron
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Pe'er
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lionel Sebbag
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Ofri
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Dongo PS, Pinto DG, Guimarães MB, Otsuki DA, Safatle AM, Bolzan AA. Effects of bilateral topical administration of repeated doses of rocuronium bromide as a mydriatic agent in Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva and Amazona amazonica). J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Arad D, Deckel R, Pe'er O, Ross M, Sebbag L, Ofri R. Is it necessary to wait several minutes between applications of different topical ophthalmic solutions? A preliminary study with tropicamide eye drops in healthy dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:374-379. [PMID: 34402570 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of topical tropicamide when placed at different time intervals before or after a saline drop. ANIMALS STUDIED Eight healthy Labrador and golden retriever dogs. PROCEDURES The effect of 1% tropicamide on pupillary diameter (PD) was measured over 240 min when administered alone (control) and then 1 and 5 min prior to, or following, application of a saline drop, with 1-week washout between each of the five trials. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS Only 6/110 pairwise comparisons among the 5 trials were statistically significant (p ≤ .035), with post-hoc analysis showing no significant differences (p ≥ .14) between the overall means of all trials. In all five trials, maximal PD was reached 30 min after tropicamide application and maintained until 210 min for 180 min (p = .0005). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that waiting 1 min between applications of different ophthalmic solutions may be sufficient for maximal drug effect. Care should be taken when extrapolating these results to other species and different ophthalmic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikla Arad
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reut Deckel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Pe'er
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Ross
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lionel Sebbag
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Ofri
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Li Puma MC, Pederson SL, Johnston MS, Cleymaet AM, Crawford AC, Dinger SC, Li Puma LC, Freeman KS. The effects of single-dose administration of two topical antiglaucoma medications, 0.005% latanoprost and 0.125% demecarium bromide, on intraocular pressure and iridocorneal angle parameters in nonglaucomatous companion rabbits. J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ortillés Á, Sanmartí J, Ríos J, Armengou L, Peña MT, Leiva M. Effects of topical 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride on quantitative pupillometry measurements, tear production and intraocular pressure in healthy horses. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:730-739. [PMID: 32519781 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of topical cyclopentolate hydrochloride (CH) on quantitative pupillometric readings (PR), tear production (TP), and intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy horses. ANIMALS STUDIED Fourteen client-owned horses. PROCEDURES In a two-phase design study, each animal received 1% CH ophthalmic solution in the left eye [treated] and 0.9% NaCl in the right eye [control] (0.2 mL each). In the first phase (n = 7), TP, IOP, and PR assessment was performed by Schirmer tear test I, rebound tonometry and static pupillometry, at 1, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 148, 172, and 196-hours post-instillation. In the second phase (n = 7), plateau mydriasis was evaluated by assessing PR hourly for 8 hours post-instillation. For PR assessment, pupil area (PA), vertical diameter (VPD), and horizontal diameter (HPD) were recorded. All pupillometries were obtained in a room with fixed light intensity (45-60 lux). Statistical analysis was performed by generalized estimating equations method for the effect on parameters over time. RESULTS After topical CH, significant differences in pupil dilation were seen from 1 to 172 hours for VPD and from 8 to 24 hours for PA, without significant differences on HPD over time. In the second phase, plateau PA and VPD were reached at 3 hours, while plateau HPD at 2 hours. No significant effects were detected on TP and IOP in both eyes at any time, nor on PR of the nontreated eyes. CONCLUSIONS Topical 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride could be considered an effective and safe option when a mydriatic/cycloplegic drug is needed in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Ortillés
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Júlia Sanmartí
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jose Ríos
- Laboratory of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lara Armengou
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María T Peña
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Leiva
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Himmel H, Eriksson Faelker T. Pupillary function test in rat: Establishment of imaging setup and pharmacological validation within modified Irwin test. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 99:106588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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de Linde Henriksen M, Lim C, Sharp JL. Treatment of canine postoperative ocular hypertension with combined latanoprost 0.005% and atropine 1% ophthalmic solutions. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 22:448-461. [PMID: 30716184 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of topical 0.005% latanoprost (L) vs combined 0.005% latanoprost and 1% atropine (LA) on control of postoperative ocular hypertension (POH), development of posterior synechiae formation, pupil size, and blindness after phacoemulsification surgery in dogs. ANIMAL STUDIED Dogs with postoperative ocular hypertension were included in the study: L-group, latanoprost (eight dogs, 14 eyes) and LA-group, latanoprost and atropine (nine dogs, 15 eyes). PROCEDURES Complete ophthalmic examinations including tonometry were performed at 1, 7, and 21 days following phacoemulsification. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the measured intraocular pressure (IOP) at days 1 and 7 postphacoemulsification surgery in the L-group and the LA-group (P = 0.26 [14.12 ± 1.76 mmHg vs 16.96 ± 1.68 mmHg] and P = 0.71 [15.45 ± 1.43 mmHg vs 16.20 ± 1.36 mmHg], respectively). No significant differences were found between pupil sizes at day 7 for the two groups (P = 0.25 [13.83% vs 24.77%]). No significant differences were found between odds of posterior synechiae formation at day 21 (P = 0.92) with a probability ± SE for L-group vs LA-group at 0.27 ± 0.14 vs 0.25 ± 0.13. No significant differences were found in odds of postoperative blindness between groups (P = 0.58) with a probability ± SE of 0.21 ± 0.11 vs 0.13 ± 0.09, respectively for L and LA. CONCLUSIONS Combined topical latanoprost and atropine in dogs maintains normal postoperative IOPs but does not seem to cause increased mydriasis compared to latanoprost alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michala de Linde Henriksen
- Comparative Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | - Julia L Sharp
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Jugant S, Grillot AE, Lyarzhri F, Régnier A, Douet JY. Changes in pupil size and intraocular pressure after topical application of 0.5% tropicamide to the eyes of dogs sedated with butorphanol. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:95-101. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.1.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Park S, Kang S, Lim J, Park E, Nam T, Jeong S, Seo K. Effects of prostaglandin-mediated and cholinergic-mediated miosis on morphology of the ciliary cleft region in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:980-985. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.9.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kovalcuka L, Ilgazs A, Bandere D, Williams DL. Changes in intraocular pressure and horizontal pupil diameter during use of topical mydriatics in the canine eye. Open Vet J 2017; 7:16-22. [PMID: 28210543 PMCID: PMC5301057 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v7i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of topical 0.5% tropicamide, 1% atropine sulphate and 10% phenylephrine hydrochloride ophthalmic solutions on intraocular pressure (IOP) and horizontal pupil diameter (HPD) in the dog during the first hour after treatment. Forty clinically and ophthalmologically normal canine patients (between the ages of 2 and 6 years) of varying breed and sex were used in this study. Animals were randomly divided into four groups of ten and given one drop of tropicamide, atropine, phenylephrine or saline into one eye. IOP and HPD were measured in both eyes every 5 minutes for 60 minutes. Tropicamide increased IOP by 8.8±4.0 mmHg 35 minutes post-treatment compared to pre-treatment (P<0.01) only in treated eye. IOP in the contralateral eye did not increase. With atropine the maximum increase in IOP was 2.6±2.8 mmHg at 20 minutes post treatment in the treated eye (P<0.01). IOP in the contralateral eye did not increase. Phenylephrine increased IOP by 2.3±2.1 mmHg (P<0.05) 10 minutes after treatment. Also in the untreated eye IOP increased by 2.3±2.1 mmHg, 20 minutes post-treatment. Maximum HPD in eyes treated with tropicamide occurred at 55 minutes and with atropine at 60 minutes. There were no HPD changes in the contralateral, untreated eye. Topical 10% phenylephrine showed maximal pupil dilation 60 minutes after treatment, but the HPD of the – untreated eye slightly decreased at 15 minutes, but this change only reached statistical significance at 40 min post- treatment (P<0.05). Normal saline showed no influence on IOP or HPD. The drugs investigated here show a significant increase in IOP after mydriatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liga Kovalcuka
- Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Institute, K. Helmaņa iela 8, Jelgava, LV-3004, Latvia
| | - Agris Ilgazs
- Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Institute, K. Helmaņa iela 8, Jelgava, LV-3004, Latvia
| | - Dace Bandere
- Riga Stradiņš University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dzirciema iela 16, Rīga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - David L Williams
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary medicine, United Kingdom
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