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Diehl KA, Asif SK, Mowat F. Ophthalmic Disease and Screening in Breeding Dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:965-983. [PMID: 37246013 PMCID: PMC10527272 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the history and infrastructure associated with canine breed-related eye screening and certification by Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists. Some of the common or otherwise particularly problematic specific inherited ophthalmic conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Diehl
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Sonia Kuhn Asif
- Blue Pearl Veterinary Eye Care, 3783 Pine Lane, Bessemer, AL 35022, USA
| | - Freya Mowat
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53704, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53704, USA
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2
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Crasta M, Arteaga K, Barachetti L, Guandalini A. A multicenter retrospective evaluation of the prevalence of known and presumed hereditary eye diseases in Lagotto Romagnolo dog breed within a referral population in Italy (2012-2020). Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25:426-433. [PMID: 35976615 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the ophthalmological findings of Lagotto Romagnolo dog breed and to report the prevalence of Known and Presumed Hereditary Eye Diseases (KP-HED). ANIMALS STUDIED Two hundred sixteen dogs were examined and included in this retrospective study. PROCEDURES Medical records of Lagotto Romagnolo dogs between 2012 and 2020 were included. Data about the ocular status were collected through ocular screening examinations (OSE) or clinical ophthalmic examinations (COE). The prevalence of each KP-HED was expressed as a function of the total number of the KP-HED in this referral population. RESULTS A total of 85 dogs (39.35%) were ophthalmologically healthy, ocular diseases presumably not hereditary were found in 43 dogs (19.91%), and 88 dogs (40.74%) were affected by one KP-HED. The most common KP-HEDs diagnosed were cataract (28/88; 31.82%), corneal endothelial dystrophy (17/88; 19.32%), retinal dysplasia (9/88; 10.23%), lens instability (7/88; 7.95%), progressive retinal atrophy (6/88, 6.82%), and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (6/88, 6.82%). Most of dogs with a KP-HED (77.27%, 68/88) were identified within COE group. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the prevalence of ocular disease in the Lagotto Romagnolo dog breed within a referral population in Italy. This study suggests a relatively high prevalence of KP-HED, with a characteristic late-onset presentation in some diseases. Many of these KP-HED's, lead to ocular pain and irreversible blindness, for this reason, the authors highlight the importance of aiming for an early diagnosis. Breeder's efforts and breeding programs should be directed at limiting such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Barachetti
- Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Adolfo Guandalini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Veterinario Specialistico (CVS), Rome, Italy
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Urkasemsin G, Pongpanich M, Sariya L, Kongcharoen A, Buddhirongawatr R, Rungarunlert S, Ferreira JN, Chetruengchai W, Phokaew C, Srichomthong C, Shotelersuk V. Whole genome sequencing identifies a homozygous nonsense mutation in the JPH2 gene in Shih Tzu dogs with progressive retinal atrophy. Anim Genet 2021; 52:714-719. [PMID: 34231238 DOI: 10.1111/age.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), common autosomal recessive disorder affecting several dog breeds including Shih Tzu, is characterized by degeneration of photoreceptors leading to blindness. To identify PRA genetic variants, three affected and 15 unaffected Shih Tzu and 20 non-Shih Tzu were recruited. Dogs underwent ophthalmologic examination and electroretinography, revealing hallmark retina pathological changes and an abnormal electroretinography in all affected dogs but not in unaffected dogs. WGS was performed. Non-synonymous homozygous variants were searched in coding regions of genes involved in retinal diseases/development; the criterion was that variants should only be present in affected dogs and should be absent in both unaffected and 46 genomes of dogs (from an available evolutionary database). Only one out of the 109 identified variants is predicted to harbor a high-impact consequence, a nonsense c.452A>C (p.L151X) in the JPH2 gene. The genotype of JPH2 variant in all 38 dogs was determined with Sanger sequencing. All three affected dogs, but none of the 35 unaffected, were homozygous for the nonsense variant. JPH2 has been previously found to be expressed in several excitable cells/tissues including retina photoreceptors. Hence, JPH2 is a candidate gene for PRA in Shih Tzu.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Urkasemsin
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - M Pongpanich
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - L Sariya
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - A Kongcharoen
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - R Buddhirongawatr
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - S Rungarunlert
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - J N Ferreira
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - W Chetruengchai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - C Phokaew
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - C Srichomthong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - V Shotelersuk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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O'Neill DG, Brodbelt DC, Keddy A, Church DB, Sanchez RF. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK: an epidemiological study. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:636-645. [PMID: 34134171 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the frequency and breed-related risk factors for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs under UK primary veterinary care. METHODS Analysis of cohort electronic patient record data through the VetCompass Programme. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS There were 1456 KCS cases overall from 363,898 dogs [prevalence 0.40%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38-0.42] and 430 incident cases during 2013 (1-year incidence risk 0.12%, 95% CI 0.11-0.13). Compared with crossbreds, breeds with the highest odds ratio (aOR) for KCS included American cocker spaniel (aOR 52.33: 95% CI 30.65-89.37), English bulldog (aOR 37.95: 95% CI 26.54-54.28), pug (aOR 22.09: 95% CI 15.15-32.2) and Lhasa apso (aOR 21.58: 95% CI 16.29-28.57). Conversely, Labrador retrievers (aOR 0.23: 95% CI 0.1-0.52) and border collie (aOR 0.30: 95% CI 0.11-0.82) had reduced odds. Brachycephalic dogs had 3.63 (95% CI 3.24-4.07) times odds compared to mesocephalics. Spaniels had 3.03 (95% CI 2.69-3.40) times odds compared to non-spaniels. Dogs weighing at or above the mean bodyweight for breed/sex had 1.25 (95% CI 1.12-1.39) times odds compared to body weights below. Advancing age was strongly associated with increased odds. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Quantitative tear tests are recommended within yearly health examinations for breeds with evidence of predisposition to KCS and might also be considered in the future within eye testing for breeding in predisposed breeds. Breed predisposition to KCS suggests that breeding strategies could aim to reduce extremes of facial conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G O'Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D C Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - A Keddy
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D B Church
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - R F Sanchez
- Specialistische Dierenkliniek Utrecht Anicura, Middenwetering 19, Utrecht, 3543AR, The Netherlands
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Ahonen S, Seath I, Rusbridge C, Holt S, Key G, Wang T, Wang P, Minassian BA. Nationwide genetic testing towards eliminating Lafora disease from Miniature Wirehaired Dachshunds in the United Kingdom. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2018; 5:2. [PMID: 29610669 PMCID: PMC5869781 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-018-0058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine DNA-testing has become an important tool in purebred dog breeding and many breeders use genetic testing results when planning their breeding strategies. In addition, information obtained from testing of hundreds dogs in one breed gives valuable information about the breed-wide genotype frequency of disease associated allele. Lafora disease is a late onset, recessively inherited genetic disease which is diagnosed in Miniature Wirehaired Dachshunds (MWHD). It is one of the most severe forms of canine epilepsy leading to neurodegeneration and, frequently euthanasia within a few years of diagnosis. Canine Lafora disease is caused by a dodecamer repeat expansion mutation in the NHLRC1 gene and a DNA test is available to identify homozygous dogs at risk, carriers and dogs free of the mutation. RESULTS Blood samples were collected from 733 MWHDs worldwide, mostly of UK origin, for canine Lafora disease testing. Among the tested MWHD population 7.0% were homozygous for the mutation and at risk for Lafora disease. In addition, 234 dogs were heterozygous, indicating a carrier frequency of 31.9% in the tested population. Among the tested MWHDs, the mutant allele frequency was 0.2. In addition, data from the tested dogs over 6 years (2012-2017) indicated that the frequency of the homozygous and carrier dogs has decreased from 10.4% to 2.7% and 41.5% to 25.7%, respectively among MWHDs tested. As a consequence, the frequency of dogs free of the mutation has increased from 48.1% to 71.6%. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable data for the MWHD community and shows that the DNA test is a useful tool for the breeders to prevent occurrence of Lafora disease in MWHDs. DNA testing has, over 6 years, helped to decrease the frequency of carriers and dogs at risk. Additionally, the DNA test can continue to be used to slowly eradicate the disease-causing mutation in the breed. However, this should be done carefully, over time, to avoid further compromising the genetic diversity of the breed. The DNA test also provides a diagnostic tool for veterinarians if they are presented with a dog that shows clinical signs associated with canine Lafora disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija Ahonen
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Ian Seath
- Dachshund Breed Council, Wrington, North Somerset, UK
| | - Clare Rusbridge
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Orthopedics and Neurology, Halfway Lane, Eashing, Godalming, Surrey UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey UK
| | - Susan Holt
- Dachshund Breed Council, Wrington, North Somerset, UK
| | - Gill Key
- Dachshund Breed Council, Wrington, North Somerset, UK
| | - Travis Wang
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Peixiang Wang
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Berge A. Minassian
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9063 USA
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