1
|
Baz-González E, Martin-Carrillo N, García-Livia K, Abreu-Acosta N, Foronda P. Molecular Detection of Microsporidia in Rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121796. [PMID: 36552305 PMCID: PMC9775083 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. are microsporidia with zoonotic potential that have been identified in humans, as well as in a large group of wild and domestic animals. Several wildlife species have been studied as reservoirs of zoonotic microsporidia in mainland Spain, including the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Due to a lack of data on microsporidia infection in wildlife on the Canary Islands, the aim of this work was to analyze the prevalence and identify the species of microsporidia in rabbits in Tenerife. Between 2015 and 2017, a total of 50 fecal samples were collected from rabbits in eight municipalities of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Seven of the fifty samples (14%) were amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and the partial sequence of the 5.8S rRNA gene. Sanger sequencing reveals the presence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I in two samples (4%), and undescribed microsporidia species in five samples (10%). This study constitutes the first molecular detection and genotyping of E. cuniculi in rabbits in Spain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Baz-González
- Department Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Natalia Martin-Carrillo
- Department Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Katherine García-Livia
- Department Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Néstor Abreu-Acosta
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Nertalab S.L., 38008 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pilar Foronda
- Department Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sailler A, Prieto M, Goulle F. Successful bilateral phacoemulsification and vitrectomy in a Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 260:450-454. [PMID: 34968188 DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.03.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 7-month-old hand-reared female Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) was evaluated for bilateral ocular opacity of 3 months' duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS On physical examination, the wallaby was in good overall condition. An ophthalmic examination revealed mature cataracts in both eyes (OU). The cataracts were suspected to have a nutritional origin as it has been described in hand-reared macropods. Results of tonometry were normal OU. Results of CBC and serum biochemistry were unremarkable. The wallaby was premedicated with medetomidine and ketamine hydrochloride. Ocular ultrasonography performed while the wallaby was anesthetized revealed a thickened and opaque lens, mildly heterogeneous vitreous humor, and no sign of retinal detachment OU. An electroretinogram confirmed functional retinae OU. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Surgery was considered necessary for welfare reasons. Phacoemulsification and vitrectomy were performed without intraoperative complication. The wallaby recovered uneventfully, and systemic NSAID, topical corticosteroid, and systemic and topical antimicrobial therapy were prescribed. One year later, the animal had vision OU. Physical examination did not show any vision-threatening postoperative complications. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The etiology of nutritional cataracts is not fully understood in macropods, but this condition is rather common in these species. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of a successful bilateral phacoemulsification and vitrectomy in a Bennett's wallaby.
Collapse
|
3
|
Bradley AE, Wancket LM, Rinke M, Gruebbel MM, Saladino BH, Schafer K, Katsuta O, Garcia B, Chanut F, Hughes K, Nelson K, Himmel L, McInnes E, Schucker A, Uchida K. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rabbit. J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:183S-292S. [PMID: 34712007 PMCID: PMC8544166 DOI: 10.1293/tox.34.183s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for
Lesions Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of
Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North
America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and
non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to
provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most
tissues and organs from the laboratory rabbit used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of
the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature
presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet
(http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from
government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes
spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant
infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized
international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide
a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different
countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among
toxicologists and pathologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alys E Bradley
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Begonya Garcia
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | - Franck Chanut
- Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brosselette, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | | | - Lauren Himmel
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Adrienne Schucker
- American Preclinical Services, LLC, 8945 Evergreen Blvd, Minneapolis, MN 55433
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baker AEG, Cui H, Ballios BG, Ing S, Yan P, Wolfer J, Wright T, Dang M, Gan NY, Cooke MJ, Ortín-Martínez A, Wallace VA, van der Kooy D, Devenyi R, Shoichet MS. Stable oxime-crosslinked hyaluronan-based hydrogel as a biomimetic vitreous substitute. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120750. [PMID: 33725584 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitreous substitutes are clinically used to maintain retinal apposition and preserve retinal function; yet the most used substitutes are gases and oils which have disadvantages including strict face-down positioning post-surgery and the need for subsequent surgical removal, respectively. We have engineered a vitreous substitute comprised of a novel hyaluronan-oxime crosslinked hydrogel. Hyaluronan, which is naturally abundant in the vitreous of the eye, is chemically modified to crosslink with poly(ethylene glycol)-tetraoxyamine via oxime chemistry to produce a vitreous substitute that has similar physical properties to the native vitreous including refractive index, density and transparency. The oxime hydrogel is cytocompatible in vitro with photoreceptors from mouse retinal explants and biocompatible in rabbit eyes as determined by histology of the inner nuclear layer and photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer. The ocular pressure in the rabbit eyes was consistent over 56 d, demonstrating limited to no swelling. Our vitreous substitute was stable in vivo over 28 d after which it began to degrade, with approximately 50% loss by day 56. We confirmed that the implanted hydrogel did not impact retina function using electroretinography over 90 days versus eyes injected with balanced saline solution. This new oxime hydrogel provides a significant improvement over the status quo as a vitreous substitute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E G Baker
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Hong Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Brian G Ballios
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, 340 College St, Toronto, ON, L0J 1C0, Canada
| | - Sonja Ing
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Peng Yan
- Kensington Eye Institute, 340 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3A9, Canada
| | - Joe Wolfer
- Toronto Animal Eye Clinic, 150 Norseman St, Etobicoke, ON, M8Z 2R4, Canada
| | - Thomas Wright
- Kensington Eye Institute, 340 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3A9, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, 340 College St, Toronto, ON, L0J 1C0, Canada
| | - Mickael Dang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Nicola Y Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Michael J Cooke
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Arturo Ortín-Martínez
- Donald K Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Valerie A Wallace
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, 340 College St, Toronto, ON, L0J 1C0, Canada; Donald K Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Robert Devenyi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, 340 College St, Toronto, ON, L0J 1C0, Canada; Donald K Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St, Room 6 E W 438, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sritrakoon N, Karntip W, Niyom S, Khemton S, Pakpiboon P, Wongsirodkul K, Arunsri K, Thayananuphat A. A-scan biometry, phacoemulsification, and foldable intraocular lens implantation in a young orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus). Open Vet J 2021; 11:121-127. [PMID: 33898293 PMCID: PMC8057203 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v11i1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cataracts are the major cause of visual impairment in animals which can be curable by surgical treatment. Phacoemulsification is the standard technique for cataract treatment that is applied to almost all species with a high success rate. Case Description: A 2-year-old intact female orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) was presented for the study having bilateral opacity of the lenses, for 2 weeks. Ophthalmic examination revealed mature cataract OU. Ocular biometry measurements using A-scan ultrasonography for appropriate intraocular lens (IOL) refractive power calculation were carried out. Electroretinography was applied to ensure retinal function is intact. The orangutan underwent phacoemulsification OU and +24 diopter IOL implantation OS to restore vision. IOL implantation was not carried out OD because of a posterior capsular tear. Retinoscopy after 3 weeks postoperatively revealed +2.0 diopters OS. The outcome of the cataract surgery was successful during 3 years follow-up. The orangutan lived with other orangutans and was alert with normal behavior such as catching food, climbing trees, and swinging hand over hand from one branch to another. Conclusion: Cataract surgery with phacoemulsification OU and adjusted IOL implantation OD was successful with few complications in this orangutan. Vision was restored with normal behavior, even though an adjusted IOL was inserted in only one eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natthanet Sritrakoon
- Ophthalmology Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Winyu Karntip
- Ophthalmology Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Niyom
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Kanyarat Arunsri
- Ophthalmology Unit, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aree Thayananuphat
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuschenkoff D, Graham J, Pumphrey SA. Diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma in client-owned rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 16 eyes from 11 rabbits (2008–2019). J Exot Pet Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
7
|
Piveta LC, Oliveira HF, Rezende JM, Miguel MP, Lima AMV, Damasceno AD. Intracameral tenecteplase during phacoemulsification in rabbits: clinical assessment of the anterior segment and biochemical analysis of the aqueous humor. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v21e-57717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract To evaluate the use of tenecteplase in transoperative phacoemulsification in healthy rabbits, the study was carried out with fifteen New Zealand rabbits, divided into three groups: control group (CG), untreated group (UG) and treated group (TG). UG and TG were operated by phacoemulsification and TG received 50 µg / 0.3 mL of intracameral tenecteplase. The postoperative evaluations were 24 h, 72 h, 7 days, 15 days and 21 days. In TP21 the animals were submitted to euthanasia and aqueous humor samples were collected. No significant differences were observed in the clinical evaluations between CG and TG in relation to incidence rates of intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal edema, fibrin deposits, hyphema, aqueous flare and synechia. In the physicochemical evaluation of the aqueous humor, there were no significant differences between the three groups in relation to pH values and concentrations of chloride ions. The aqueous humor density values were statistically different between CG and the other groups. In the histological evaluation, there were no significant differences between the groups. The use of tenecteplase in transoperative phacoemulsification in rabbits did not present significant differences in terms of clinical, physicochemical and histological parameters.
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Adami C, Sanchez RF, Monticelli P. Use of atracurium and its reversal with neostigmine in 14 pet rabbits undergoing ophthalmic surgery: a retrospective study. Vet Rec 2019; 184:443. [PMID: 30824599 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this retrospective study was to report the clinical use of atracurium and its reversal with neostigmine in pet rabbits. The medical records of 14 rabbits undergoing anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery were located through a search of the hospital's database. Demographic data and data pertaining to the use of the neuromuscular blocker and its reversal were analysed. After intravenous administration of 0.44±0.4 mg/kg atracurium (total dose), 11 rabbits experienced at least one of the following cardiovascular responses: hypotension, defined as systolic arterial pressure less than 75 mmHg (n=6), hypotension with decreased heart rate (HR) (n=1), hypotension with increased HR (n=1), decreased arterial blood pressure (ABP) without hypotension (n=6), decreased ABP with decreased HR (n=1), or increased HR (n=2, ABP reading could not be taken). Two of these 11 rabbits also experienced severe intraoperative hypothermia. The neuromuscular block was monitored with a train-of-four nerve-stimulation pattern, and reversed, with intramuscular 0.01-0.045 mg/kg neostigmine and 0.01-0.02 mg/kg glycopyrronium, after the return of at least two out of four muscular twitches following nerve stimulation. Decrease in ABP and possibly hypothermia are likely intraoperative complications when clinical doses of atracurium are administered to pet rabbits. Measures should be taken to detect their occurrence in order to treat them promptly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Adami
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL97TA, UK
| | - Rick F Sanchez
- Specialistische Dierenkliniek Utrecht (SDU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Monticelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL97TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ozkan O, Karagoz A, Kocak N. First molecular evidence of ocular transmission of Encephalitozoonosis during the intrauterine period in rabbits. Parasitol Int 2019; 71:1-4. [PMID: 30853450 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many reports have been published on the suspected vertical transmission of Encephalitozoon cuniculi; however, prior to 2003, these reports were based on circumstantial evidence, such as histopathological, immunohistochemical, or serological diagnosis of the infection. In 2003, vertical transmission of the parasite was confirmed by detection of E. cuniculi DNA in fetuses with the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. However, the passage of the parasite to eyes of fetus during the intrauterine stage still requires verification. In the current study, natively infected with parasite spores female rabbits were mated with non-infected males. All resulting offspring that died before ten postpartum days were investigated using molecular techniques to confirm the intrauterine transmission of the parasite to the offspring' eyes. In total, 119 DNA samples from rabbit offspring tissues were collected from blood, kidney, brain, eye (both eyes were used as single samples), lung, placenta, liver and heart were used for PCR. Parasitic DNA in the eyes of offspring was detected (54%) 6 of 11 naturally seropositive mother rabbits. PCR results were found to be positive for the eyes of 63% (19/30) of the offsprings from seropositive rabbits. Therefore, mother rabbits naturally infected with E. cuniculi showed the molecular presence of the parasite in their offspring' eyes. Sequence analysis confirmed the partial DNA sequence data of E. cuniculi and blast analysis identified the agent as genotype I. These results confirm transmission of E. cuniculi to rabbit offspring' eyes in the intrauterine period. This is the first molecular evidence to show ocular transmission of the infection via an intrauterine route in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozcan Ozkan
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 18100 Çankırı, Turkey.
| | - Alper Karagoz
- Usak University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, 64000 Usak, Turkey
| | - Nadir Kocak
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetic, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|