Evaluation of cytology and histopathology for the diagnosis of canine orbital neoplasia: 112 cases (2004-2019) and review of the literature

Construction of diagnostic prediction model for canine nasal diseases using less invasive examinations without anesthesia

Advanced imaging techniques under general anesthesia are frequently employed to achieve a definitive diagnosis of canine nasal diseases. However, these examinations may not be performed immediately in all cases. This study aimed to construct prediction models for canine nasal diseases using less-invasive examinations such as clinical signs and radiography. Dogs diagnosed with nasal disease between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively investigated to construct a prediction model (Group M; GM), and dogs diagnosed between 2020 and 2021 were prospectively investigated to validate the efficacy (Group V; GV). Prediction models were created using two methods: manual (Model 1) and LASSO logistic regression analysis (Model 2). In total, 103 and 86 dogs were included in GM and GV, respectively. In Model 1, the sensitivity and specificity of neoplasia (NP) and sino-nasal aspergillosis (SNA) were 0.88 and 0.81 in GM and 0.92 and 0.78 in GV, respectively. Those of non-infectious rhinitis (NIR) and rhinitis secondary to dental disease (DD) were 0.78 and 0.88 in GM and 0.64 and 0.80 in GV, respectively. In Model 2, the sensitivity and specificity of NP and SNA were 0.93 and 1 in GM and 0.93 and 0.75 in GV, respectively. Those of NIR and DD were 0.96 and 0.89 in GM and 0.80 and 0.79 in GV, respectively. This study suggest that it is possible to create a prediction model using less-invasive examinations. Utilizing these predictive models may lead to appropriate general anesthesia examinations and treatment referrals.

Clinical, advanced imaging data and outcome of inflammatory and neoplastic orbital disease in 81 dogs and 16 cats in Australia (2010-2019)

OBJECTIVE

To characterize the clinical presentation, advanced imaging features, and outcome of orbital disease in a referral population of dogs and cats that underwent computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

ANIMALS STUDIED

Client-owned animals.

PROCEDURES

Animals referred for orbital disease undergoing ophthalmic examination and either head MRI or CT were included. Demographic and imaging features were compared between animals diagnosed with inflammatory disease and neoplastic disease using Mann-Whitney U and Fischer's exact tests.

RESULTS

Ninety-seven animals (81 dogs and 16 cats) were included. Eighty-four and 13 patients underwent CT and MRI scanning, respectively. Inflammatory orbital disease was more frequently detected than neoplasia in dogs (59% vs. 41%) and cats (62% vs. 39%). Orbital cellulitis was the most common diagnosis in dogs (36/81, 44.4%) and cats (8/16, 80%). A foreign body was suspected in 36.1% of dogs with orbital cellulitis but only 3 were retrieved during orbitotomy. Multi-drug resistant bacteria were identified in 3 samples and influenced treatment plans. The most common neoplasms were sarcoma (10/30) and carcinoma (7/30) in dogs and lymphoma in cats (3/6). Imaging findings of osteolysis (p = 0.0002) and intracranial extension (p = 0.0001) were significantly associated with neoplasia in dogs. In contrast, osteolysis extension was present in cats with both inflammatory (7/10) and neoplastic (6/6) orbital disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Inflammatory disease, particularly orbital cellulitis, was more common than neoplasia in dogs and cats with orbital disease in our population. We recommend including bacterial culture and susceptibility as part of the diagnostic work up when orbital cellulitis is suspected.

Ocular Ultrasound Abnormalities and Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Dogs and Cats

Indications for, technique, and findings for normal and abnormal ocular ultrasound are discussed, with specific sonographic findings, images, differential diagnoses, and other considerations. Because the eye is a fluid-filled structure, ultrasound can be used as a screening test when pathology prevents direct examination. Structural abnormalities, such as lens luxation, retinal detachments, and intraocular and orbital masses, also may be defined better using point-of-care ultrasound. Details on additional ophthalmic diagnostics, treatment, and prognosis are not covered.

Transconjunctival excision of an orbital conjunctival cyst using computer-assisted 3-D surgical planning in a dog

Investigation of exophthalmos and blood-colored discharge from the left ventral punctum in a dog was consistent with a conjunctival cyst in the orbit. 3-D prints of the cyst and surrounding facial bones identified a successful transconjunctival approach without an orbitotomy and patency of the left lacrimal duct was reestablished.

Evaluation of cytology and histopathology for the diagnosis of feline orbital neoplasia: 81 cases (2004-2019) and review of the literature

OBJECTIVE

To provide an updated overview of feline orbital neoplasia, to compare diagnostic utility of cytology and histopathology, and to evaluate minimally invasive sampling modalities.

PROCEDURES

A medical records search was performed to identify cats with orbital neoplasia. Data were collected regarding signalment, diagnosis, vision status, imaging modalities, and sample collection methods. A reference population with orbital neoplasia was also identified via literature search for comparison with regard to final diagnosis.

RESULTS

Eighty-one cats met selection criteria and 140 cases were identified in the literature. In the study and reference populations, respectively, diagnoses were grouped as follows: round cell tumors 47% and 24%, epithelial tumors 38% and 40%, mesenchymal tumors 14% and 34%, and neurologic origin tumors 1% and 2%. The most common diagnoses in both groups were lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Feline restrictive orbital myofibroblastic sarcoma (FROMS) was common in the reference population but not diagnosed in the study population. Cytology results were available for 41 cats; histopathology results were available for 65 cats. Both cytology and histopathology results were available for 25 cats, in 44% of which cytologic results were overturned. No significant complications were associated with any sampling method. Lack of cats with multiple samples available for histopathology limited comparison between tissue sampling methods.

CONCLUSIONS

Orbital neoplasia is common in cats, with round cell and epithelial tumors diagnosed most commonly in the study population. Histopathology is superior to cytology in providing a definitive diagnosis. Minimally invasive tissue biopsy techniques appear to be safe and effective.