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Nemkov T, Stephenson D, Earley EJ, Keele GR, Hay A, Key A, Haiman Z, Erickson C, Dzieciatkowska M, Reisz JA, Moore A, Stone M, Deng X, Kleinman S, Spitalnik SL, Hod EA, Hudson KE, Hansen KC, Palsson BO, Churchill GA, Roubinian N, Norris PJ, Busch MP, Zimring JC, Page GP, D'Alessandro A. Biological and Genetic Determinants of Glycolysis: Phosphofructokinase Isoforms Boost Energy Status of Stored Red Blood Cells and Transfusion Outcomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.11.557250. [PMID: 38260479 PMCID: PMC10802247 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mature red blood cells (RBCs) lack mitochondria, and thus exclusively rely on glycolysis to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during aging in vivo or storage in the blood bank. Here we leveraged 13,029 volunteers from the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study to identify an association between end-of-storage levels of glycolytic metabolites and donor age, sex, and ancestry-specific genetic polymorphisms in regions encoding phosphofructokinase 1, platelet (detected in mature RBCs), hexokinase 1, ADP-ribosyl cyclase 1 and 2 (CD38/BST1). Gene-metabolite associations were validated in fresh and stored RBCs from 525 Diversity Outbred mice, and via multi-omics characterization of 1,929 samples from 643 human RBC units during storage. ATP and hypoxanthine levels - and the genetic traits linked to them - were associated with hemolysis in vitro and in vivo, both in healthy autologous transfusion recipients and in 5,816 critically ill patients receiving heterologous transfusions, suggesting their potential as markers to improve transfusion outcomes. eTOC and Highlights Highlights Blood donor age and sex affect glycolysis in stored RBCs from 13,029 volunteers;Ancestry, genetic polymorphisms in PFKP, HK1, CD38/BST1 influence RBC glycolysis;Modeled PFKP effects relate to preventing loss of the total AXP pool in stored RBCs;ATP and hypoxanthine are biomarkers of hemolysis in vitro and in vivo.
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Advanced Glycation End Products: New Clinical and Molecular Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147236. [PMID: 34299683 PMCID: PMC8306599 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the most massive epidemics of the twenty-first century due to its high mortality rates caused mainly due to its complications; therefore, the early identification of such complications becomes a race against time to establish a prompt diagnosis. The research of complications of DM over the years has allowed the development of numerous alternatives for diagnosis. Among these emerge the quantification of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) given their increased levels due to chronic hyperglycemia, while also being related to the induction of different stress-associated cellular responses and proinflammatory mechanisms involved in the progression of chronic complications of DM. Additionally, the investigation for more valuable and safe techniques has led to developing a newer, noninvasive, and effective tool, termed skin fluorescence (SAF). Hence, this study aimed to establish an update about the molecular mechanisms induced by AGEs during the evolution of chronic complications of DM and describe the newer measurement techniques available, highlighting SAF as a possible tool to measure the risk of developing DM chronic complications.
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Livshits L, Barshtein G, Arbell D, Gural A, Levin C, Guizouarn H. Do We Store Packed Red Blood Cells under "Quasi-Diabetic" Conditions? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070992. [PMID: 34356616 PMCID: PMC8301930 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is one of the most common therapeutic procedures in modern medicine. Although frequently lifesaving, it often has deleterious side effects. RBC quality is one of the critical factors for transfusion efficacy and safety. The role of various factors in the cells’ ability to maintain their functionality during storage is widely discussed in professional literature. Thus, the extra- and intracellular factors inducing an accelerated RBC aging need to be identified and therapeutically modified. Despite the extensively studied in vivo effect of chronic hyperglycemia on RBC hemodynamic and metabolic properties, as well as on their lifespan, only limited attention has been directed at the high sugar concentration in RBCs storage media, a possible cause of damage to red blood cells. This mini-review aims to compare the biophysical and biochemical changes observed in the red blood cells during cold storage and in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Given the well-described corresponding RBC alterations in NIDDM and during cold storage, we may regard the stored (especially long-stored) RBCs as “quasi-diabetic”. Keeping in mind that these RBC modifications may be crucial for the initial steps of microvascular pathogenesis, suitable preventive care for the transfused patients should be considered. We hope that our hypothesis will stimulate targeted experimental research to establish a relationship between a high sugar concentration in a storage medium and a deterioration in cells’ functional properties during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Livshits
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Gregory Barshtein
- Biochemistry Department, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2-6758309
| | - Dan Arbell
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Alexander Gural
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Carina Levin
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel;
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Hélène Guizouarn
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, 28 Av. Valrose, 06100 Nice, France;
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Hsieh C, Prabhu NCS, Rajashekaraiah V. Age-Related Modulations in Erythrocytes under Blood Bank Conditions. Transfus Med Hemother 2019; 46:257-266. [PMID: 31700508 DOI: 10.1159/000501285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During storage of erythrocytes, storage lesions are formed that reduce the safety and efficacy of the stored blood. Thus, there is a need to understand the changes that occur during storage. Most studies have focused on storage of a mixed population of erythrocytes. The aim of this study is to analyze the changes in young and old erythrocytes over the course if storage. Materials and Methods Blood was collected from the blood bank at the Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) Hospital (Bengaluru, India) and stored for 35 days in CPDA-1 at 4°C. Every 5 days, erythrocytes were separated based on the blood's age using a Percoll-BSA gradient. Young and old erythrocytes obtained were used for analysis of the following oxidative stress (OS) markers: hemoglobin (Hb), hemolysis, mechanical fragility, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase [CAT]), superoxides, sialic acid, glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glucose, plasma membrane redox system (PMRS), total antioxidant capacity-cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assay (TAC<sub>CUPRAC</sub>), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde [MDA] and conjugate dienes), and protein oxidation products (advanced oxidation protein products and protein sulfhydryls). Result Young cells had higher amounts of Hb, sialic acid, GOT, LDH, TAC<sub>CUPRAC</sub>, CAT, and superoxides compared to old cells. Old cells, however, had higher PMRS and MDA levels with respect to young cells. Discussion Young cells could endure OS during storage more efficiently than old cells. In conclusion, the efficacy of stored blood depends on the ratio of young cells in the population. This study highlights the prospects of storing young erythrocytes for a prolonged shelf life of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Block I, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Vani Rajashekaraiah
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Block I, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, India
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5
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MALDI Profiling and Applications in Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:27-43. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Reisz JA, Nemkov T, Dzieciatkowska M, Culp-Hill R, Stefanoni D, Hill RC, Yoshida T, Dunham A, Kanias T, Dumont LJ, Busch M, Eisenmesser EZ, Zimring JC, Hansen KC, D'Alessandro A. Methylation of protein aspartates and deamidated asparagines as a function of blood bank storage and oxidative stress in human red blood cells. Transfusion 2018; 58:2978-2991. [PMID: 30312994 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being devoid of de novo protein synthesis capacity, red blood cells (RBCs) have evolved to recycle oxidatively damaged proteins via mechanisms that involve methylation of dehydrated and deamidated aspartate and asparagine residues. Here we hypothesize that such mechanisms are relevant to routine storage in the blood bank. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Within the framework of the REDS-III RBC-Omics (Recipient Epidemiology Donor Evaluation Study III Red Blood Cell-Omics) study, packed RBC units (n = 599) were stored under blood bank conditions for 10, 23, and 42 days and profiled for oxidative hemolysis and time-dependent metabolic dysregulation of the trans-sulfuration pathway. RESULTS In these units, methionine consumption positively correlated with storage age and oxidative hemolysis. Mechanistic studies show that this phenomenon is favored by oxidative stress or hyperoxic storage (sulfur dioxide >95%), and prevented by hypoxia or methyltransferase inhibition. Through a combination of proteomics approaches and 13 C-methionine tracing, we observed oxidation-induced increases in both Asn deamidation to Asp and formation of methyl-Asp on key structural proteins and enzymes, including Band 3, hemoglobin, ankyrin, 4.1, spectrin beta, aldolase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, biphosphoglycerate mutase, lactate dehydrogenase and catalase. Methylated regions tended to map proximal to the active site (e.g., N316 of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and/or residues interacting with the N-terminal cytosolic domain of Band 3. CONCLUSION While methylation of basic amino acid residues serves as an epigenetic modification in nucleated cells, protein methylation at carboxylate side chains and deamidated asparagines is a nonepigenetic posttranslational sensor of oxidative stress and refrigerated storage in anucleated human RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel Culp-Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Davide Stefanoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ryan C Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Tamir Kanias
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Michael Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Elan Z Eisenmesser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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7
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Prosenz J, Öhlinger T, Müllner EW, Marculescu R, Gerner C, Salzer U, Kiefer FW, Baron DM. Glycated hemoglobin concentrations of red blood cells minimally increase during storage under standard blood banking conditions. Transfusion 2018; 59:454-457. [PMID: 30727042 PMCID: PMC7379282 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few and inconsistent data exist describing the effect of storage duration on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations of red blood cells (RBCs), impeding interpretation of HbA1c values in transfused diabetic patients. Hence the aim of this study was to evaluate to what extent HbA1c concentrations of RBCs change during the maximum allowed storage period of 42 days. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Blood was drawn from 16 volunteers, leukofiltered, and stored under standard blood banking conditions. HbA1c concentrations of RBCs were measured on Days 1 and 42 of storage using three different validated devices (ion‐exchange high‐performance liquid chromatography Method A1 and A2, turbidimetric immunoassay Method B). RESULTS Mean HbA1c concentrations of RBCs on Day 1 were 5.3 ± 0.3% (Method A1), 5.4 ± 0.4% (Method A2), and 5.1 ± 0.4% (Method B). HbA1c concentrations increased to 5.6 ± 0.3% (A1, p < 0.0001), 5.7 ± 0.3% (A2, p = 0.004), and 5.5 ± 0.4% (B, p < 0.0001) on Day 42, respectively, corresponding to a 1.06‐fold increase across all methods. Glucose concentrations in the storage solution of RBCs decreased from 495 ± 27 to 225 ± 55 mg/dL (p < 0.0001), confirming that stored RBCs were metabolically active. CONCLUSION These results suggest a significant, albeit minor, and most likely clinically insignificant increase in HbA1c concentrations during storage of RBCs for 42 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Prosenz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Öhlinger
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst W Müllner
- Center of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Division of Medical-Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Center of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Baron
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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9
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Reisz JA, Tzounakas VL, Nemkov T, Voulgaridou AI, Papassideri IS, Kriebardis AG, D'Alessandro A, Antonelou MH. Metabolic Linkage and Correlations to Storage Capacity in Erythrocytes from Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Donors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 4:248. [PMID: 29376053 PMCID: PMC5768619 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, decreased NADPH regeneration in the pentose phosphate pathway and subnormal levels of reduced glutathione result in insufficient antioxidant defense, increased susceptibility of red blood cells (RBCs) to oxidative stress, and acute hemolysis following exposure to pro-oxidant drugs and infections. Despite the fact that redox disequilibrium is a prominent feature of RBC storage lesion, it has been reported that the G6PD-deficient RBCs store well, at least in respect to energy metabolism, but their overall metabolic phenotypes and molecular linkages to the storability profile are scarcely investigated. Methods We performed UHPLC-MS metabolomics analyses of weekly sampled RBC concentrates from G6PD sufficient and deficient donors, stored in citrate phosphate dextrose/saline adenine glucose mannitol from day 0 to storage day 42, followed by statistical and bioinformatics integration of the data. Results Other than previously reported alterations in glycolysis, metabolomics analyses revealed bioactive lipids, free fatty acids, bile acids, amino acids, and purines as top variables discriminating RBC concentrates for G6PD-deficient donors. Two-way ANOVA showed significant changes in the storage-dependent variation in fumarate, one-carbon, and sulfur metabolism, glutathione homeostasis, and antioxidant defense (including urate) components in G6PD-deficient vs. sufficient donors. The levels of free fatty acids and their oxidized derivatives, as well as those of membrane-associated plasticizers were significantly lower in G6PD-deficient units in comparison to controls. By using the strongest correlations between in vivo and ex vivo metabolic and physiological parameters, consecutively present throughout the storage period, several interactomes were produced that revealed an interesting interplay between redox, energy, and hemolysis variables, which may be further associated with donor-specific differences in the post-transfusion performance of G6PD-deficient RBCs. Conclusion The metabolic phenotypes of G6PD-deficient donors recapitulate the basic storage lesion profile that leads to loss of metabolic linkage and rewiring. Donor-related issues affect the storability of RBCs even in the narrow context of this donor subgroup in a way likely relevant to transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Vassilis L Tzounakas
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Issidora S Papassideri
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological and Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Marianna H Antonelou
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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10
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Soboleva A, Schmidt R, Vikhnina M, Grishina T, Frolov A. Maillard Proteomics: Opening New Pages. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2677. [PMID: 29231845 PMCID: PMC5751279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycation is a ubiquitous non-enzymatic post-translational modification, formed by reaction of protein amino and guanidino groups with carbonyl compounds, presumably reducing sugars and α-dicarbonyls. Resulting advanced glycation end products (AGEs) represent a highly heterogeneous group of compounds, deleterious in mammals due to their pro-inflammatory effect, and impact in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and ageing. The body of information on the mechanisms and pathways of AGE formation, acquired during the last decades, clearly indicates a certain site-specificity of glycation. It makes characterization of individual glycation sites a critical pre-requisite for understanding in vivo mechanisms of AGE formation and developing adequate nutritional and therapeutic approaches to reduce it in humans. In this context, proteomics is the methodology of choice to address site-specific molecular changes related to protein glycation. Therefore, here we summarize the methods of Maillard proteomics, specifically focusing on the techniques providing comprehensive structural and quantitative characterization of glycated proteome. Further, we address the novel break-through areas, recently established in the field of Maillard research, i.e., in vitro models based on synthetic peptides, site-based diagnostics of metabolism-related diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus), proteomics of anti-glycative defense, and dynamics of plant glycated proteome during ageing and response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Soboleva
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Rico Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany.
| | - Maria Vikhnina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Tatiana Grishina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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Rolfsson Ó, Johannsson F, Magnusdottir M, Paglia G, Sigurjonsson ÓE, Bordbar A, Palsson S, Brynjólfsson S, Guðmundsson S, Palsson B. Mannose and fructose metabolism in red blood cells during cold storage in SAGM. Transfusion 2017; 57:2665-2676. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Óttar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology
- Medical Department; University of Iceland
| | - Freyr Johannsson
- Center for Systems Biology
- Medical Department; University of Iceland
| | | | - Giuseppe Paglia
- Center for Systems Biology
- Center for Biomedicine; European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen; Bolzano Italy
| | - Ólafur E. Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-University Hospital
- School of Science and Engineering; Reykjavik University; Reykjavik Iceland
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D'Alessandro A, Seghatchian J. Hitchhiker's guide to the red cell storage galaxy: Omics technologies and the quality issue. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:248-253. [PMID: 28343934 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell storage in the blood bank makes millions of units of available for transfusion to civilian and military recipients every year. From glass bottles to plastic bags, from anticoagulants to complex additives, from whole blood to leukocyte filtered packed red blood cells: huge strides have been made in the field of blood component processing and storage in the blood bank during the last century. Still, refrigerated preservation of packed red blood cells under blood bank conditions results in the progressive accumulation of a wide series of biochemical and morphological changes to the stored erythrocytes, collectively referred to as the storage lesion(s). Approximately ten years ago, retrospective clinical evidence had suggested that such lesion(s) may be clinically relevant and mediate some of the untoward transfusion-related effects observed especially in some categories of recipients at risk (e.g. massively or chronically transfused recipients). Since then, randomized clinical trials have failed to prospectively detect any signal related to red cell storage duration and increased morbidity and mortality in several categories of recipients, at the limits of the statistical power of these studies. While a good part of the transfusion community has immediately adopted the take-home message "if it isn't broken, don't fix it" (i.e. no change to the standard of practice should be pursued), decision makers have been further questioning whether there may be room for further improvements in this field. Provocatively, we argue that consensus has yet to be unanimously reached on what makes a good quality marker of the red cell storage lesion and transfusion safety/efficacy. In other words, if it is true that "you can't manage what you can't measure", then future advancements in the field of transfusion medicine will necessarily rely on state of the art analytical omics technologies of well-defined quality parameters. Heavily borrowing from Douglas Adam's imaginary repertoire from the world famous "Hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy", we briefly summarize how some of the principles for intergalactic hitchhikers may indeed apply to inform navigation through the complex universe of red cell storage quality, safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Component Quality/Safety Improvement, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategies, London, UK.
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13
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D’Alessandro A, Nemkov T, Reisz J, Dzieciatkowska M, Wither MJ, Hansen KC. Omics markers of the red cell storage lesion and metabolic linkage. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2017; 15:137-144. [PMID: 28263171 PMCID: PMC5336335 DOI: 10.2450/2017.0341-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of omics technologies in the field of Transfusion Medicine has significantly advanced our understanding of the red cell storage lesion. While the clinical relevance of such a lesion is still a matter of debate, quantitative and redox proteomics approaches, as well quantitative metabolic flux analysis and metabolic tracing experiments promise to revolutionise our understanding of the role of blood processing strategies, inform the design and testing of novel additives or technologies (such as pathogen reduction), and evaluate the clinical relevance of donor and recipient biological variability with respect to red cell storability and transfusion outcomes. By reviewing existing literature in this rapidly expanding research endeavour, we highlight for the first time a correlation between metabolic markers of the red cell storage age and protein markers of haemolysis. Finally, we introduce the concept of metabolic linkage, i.e. the appreciation of a network of highly correlated small molecule metabolites which results from biochemical constraints of erythrocyte metabolic enzyme activities. For the foreseeable future, red cell studies will advance Transfusion Medicine and haematology by addressing the alteration of metabolic linkage phenotypes in response to stimuli, including, but not limited to, storage additives, enzymopathies (e.g. glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency), hypoxia, sepsis or haemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Julie Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Wither
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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D'Alessandro A, Zolla L. Proteomic analysis of red blood cells and the potential for the clinic: what have we learned so far? Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:243-252. [PMID: 28162022 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1291347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Red blood cells (RBC) are the most abundant host cells in the human body. Mature erythrocytes are devoid of nuclei and organelles and have always been regarded as circulating 'bags of hemoglobin'. The advent of proteomics has challenged this assumption, revealing unanticipated complexity and novel roles for RBCs not just in gas transport, but also in systemic metabolic homeostasis in health and disease. Areas covered: In this review we will summarize the main advancements in the field of discovery mode and redox/quantitative proteomics with respect to RBC biology. We thus focus on translational/clinical applications, such as transfusion medicine, hematology (e.g. hemoglobinopathies) and personalized medicine. Synergy of omics technologies - especially proteomics and metabolomics - are highlighted as a hallmark of clinical metabolomics applications for the foreseeable future. Expert commentary: The introduction of advanced proteomics technologies, especially quantitative and redox proteomics, and the integration of proteomics data with omics information gathered through orthogonal technologies (especially metabolomics) promise to revolutionize many biomedical areas, from hematology and transfusion medicine to personalized medicine and clinical biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Lello Zolla
- b Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences , Universita' degli Studi della Tuscia , Viterbo , Italy
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The Importance and Utility of Hemoglobin A1c Levels in the Assessment of Donor Pancreas Allografts. Transplantation 2016; 101:2508-2519. [PMID: 27984519 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels are often obtained in potential pancreas graft donors to assess the overall long-term functional glycemic control or the possibility of unrecognized diabetes. Although routinely measured, the impact of donor HbA1c levels on pancreas graft outcomes has not been reported. Here, we researched the relationship between donor HbA1c levels and postoperative pancreas graft survival. METHODS Data from 266 pancreas transplant patients including 182 simultaneous kidney-pancreas and 84 pancreas alone transplants were reviewed for the study. The patients were separated into groups according to their HbA1c levels (5 groups: HbA1c < 5.0, 5.0-5.4, 5.5-5.9, ≥6.0 % and not available, or 2 groups: HbA1c <5.7, ≥5.7%). Overall, death-censored and technically successful pancreas graft survival and rejection rates of each group were compared. In the case of technically successful graft survival, graft losses due to technical problems in the first 60 days were excluded. RESULTS All groups were similar with regard to donor variables including age, sex, ABO blood type, ethnicity, donor type and recipient variables including recipient age, sex, induction agents and maintenance treatment. Mean follow-up time was 4.2 ± 1.97 years. The overall graft survivals and death censored graft survivals among groups were not statistically different from one other (P > 0.05). Additionally, excluding early technical losses in 18 patients did not reveal any differences in graft survivals. Patient survival and biopsy-proven acute rejections were statistically similar among HbA1c strata. CONCLUSIONS This univariate retrospective analysis of a single center/organ procurement organization use of HbA1c shows that donor HbA1c levels between 3.5 and 6.2 in otherwise transplantable pancreata are not associated with different short-term outcomes.
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Bergmann K, Sypniewska G. The influence of sample freezing at - 80 °C for 2-12 weeks on glycated haemoglobin (HbA 1c) concentration assayed by HPLC method on Bio-Rad D-10 ® auto analyzer. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2016; 26:346-352. [PMID: 27812303 PMCID: PMC5082215 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2016.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a single freeze/thaw cycle on HbA1c concentrations measured by commercially available HPLC method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study included 128 whole blood samples collected from diabetic patients (N = 60) and healthy volunteers (N = 68). HbA1c concentrations were measured in fresh blood samples. Then samples were frozen at - 80 °C for up to 12 weeks. HbA1c was assayed by ion-exchange HPLC method on Bio-Rad D-10® analyzer. Variables were compared using Wilcoxon and ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis tests. Bias between HbA1c measured in fresh and frozen samples was calculated. The comparability of HbA1c concentrations was assessed by Bland-Altman plot. RESULTS Median (IQR) HbA1c concentration was 45.3 (36.6-61.2) mmol/mol for fresh and 45.3 (36.6-60.6) mmol/mol for frozen/thawed samples. No significant difference in HbA1c concentrations was found comparing fresh and frozen/thawed samples (P = 0.070) in the whole group, as well as in healthy and diabetic subjects. The median calculated bias between fresh and frozen/thawed samples was 0% in whole group and healthy subjects, and 1.19% in diabetic patients. No significant difference was found between the biases according to baseline HbA1c values (P = 0.150). The Bland-Altman plot analysis showed a positive bias of 0.4% (95% CI: - 2.8 - 3.7%), which indicates high compliance between HbA1c values and no relevant influence of sample freezing on clinical significance of HbA1c measurement. CONCLUSIONS Storage for up to 12 weeks at - 80 °C with a single freeze/thaw cycle does not affect HbA1c concentrations measured with HPLC method on Bio-Rad D-10® analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bergmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grazyna Sypniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Wither M, Dzieciatkowska M, Nemkov T, Strop P, D'Alessandro A, Hansen KC. Hemoglobin oxidation at functional amino acid residues during routine storage of red blood cells. Transfusion 2015; 56:421-6. [PMID: 26426339 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine storage of red blood cells (RBCs) results in the progressive accumulation of storage lesions. While the clinical relevance of these lesions is still a matter of debate, alterations to RBC morphology and biochemistry, especially in terms of energy and redox homeostasis, are likely to affect RBC physiology and functionality at a minimum. Identification of oxidative modifications that accumulate on key RBC proteins will help bridge the gap between storage induced alterations and post-transfusion RBC viability. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Five AS-3 units were analyzed during routine storage via one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-nano-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled online with tandem mass spectrometry and advanced database searches. RESULTS We identified oxidative modifications to functional residues of hemoglobin (Hb) beta chain, including proximal histidine, cysteine beta 94 (counting initiator methionine in the sequence), and histidine 144. Semiquantitative analysis indicates that up to approximately 20% of total Hb could be targeted by these oxidative modifications that are overlooked by standard proteomics approaches using routine database search conditions. Progressive accumulation of oxidized residues in stored RBCs and selective accumulation in vesicles was observed, further substantiating the hypothesis that vesiculation represents a self-protective mechanism in ageing RBCs. CONCLUSION Several of the oxidized residues identified play well-established roles in heme iron coordination, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate binding, and nitric oxide homeostasis. Further functional and structural studies are necessary to determine possible associations between these modifications and impaired gas transport homeostasis in RBCs from old units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wither
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pavel Strop
- Current address: Rinat-Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Rinalducci S, Zolla L. Biochemistry of storage lesions of red cell and platelet concentrates: A continuous fight implying oxidative/nitrosative/phosphorylative stress and signaling. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 52:262-9. [PMID: 25910536 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for the reduced lifespan of transfused red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets (PLTs) are still under investigation, however one explanation refers to the detrimental biochemical changes occurring during ex vivo storage of these blood products. A myriad of historical and more recent studies has contributed to advance our understanding of storage lesion. Without any doubts, proteomics had great impact on transfusion medicine by profiling the storage-dependent changes in the total detectable protein pool of both RBCs and PLTs. This review article focuses on the role of oxidative/nitrosative stress in developing RBC and PLT storage lesions, with a special glance at its biochemistry and cross-talk with phosphorylative signal transduction. In this sense, we enlighten the potential contribution of new branches of proteomics in identifying novel points of intervention for the improvement of blood product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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Classic and alternative red blood cell storage strategies: seven years of "-omics" investigations. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 13:21-31. [PMID: 25369599 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0053-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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D'Alessandro A, Hansen KC, Silliman CC, Moore EE, Kelher M, Banerjee A. Metabolomics of AS-5 RBC supernatants following routine storage. Vox Sang 2014; 108:131-40. [PMID: 25200932 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The safety and efficacy of stored red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion has been long debated due to retrospective clinical evidence and laboratory results, indicating a potential correlation between increased morbidity and mortality following transfusion of RBC units stored longer than 14 days. We hypothesize that storage in Optisol additive solution-5 leads to a unique metabolomics profile in the supernatant of stored RBCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole blood was drawn from five healthy donors, RBC units were manufactured, and prestorage leucoreduced by filtration. Samples were taken on days 1 and 42, the cells removed, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was performed. RESULTS The results confirmed the progressive impairment of RBC energy metabolism by day 42 with indirect markers of a parallel alteration of glutathione and NADPH homeostasis. Moreover, oxidized pro-inflammatory lipids accumulated by the end of storage. CONCLUSION The supernatants from stored RBCs may represent a burden to the transfused recipients from a metabolomics standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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D'Alessandro A, Kriebardis AG, Rinalducci S, Antonelou MH, Hansen KC, Papassideri IS, Zolla L. An update on red blood cell storage lesions, as gleaned through biochemistry and omics technologies. Transfusion 2014; 55:205-19. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora Colorado
| | - Anastasios G. Kriebardis
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions; Technological Educational Institute of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences; University of Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
| | - Marianna H. Antonelou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics; Faculty of Biology; University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora Colorado
| | - Issidora S. Papassideri
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics; Faculty of Biology; University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences; University of Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
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Supplementation of anti-oxidants in leucofiltered erythrocyte concentrates: assessment of morphological changes through scanning electron microscopy. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 12:421-4. [PMID: 25074789 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0272-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Dudley E. MALDI Profiling and Applications in Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 806:33-58. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06068-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bosman GJCGM. Survival of red blood cells after transfusion: processes and consequences. Front Physiol 2013; 4:376. [PMID: 24391593 PMCID: PMC3866658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
THE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE DATA SUGGEST THAT EFFORTS TOWARD IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF RED BLOOD CELL (RBC) BLOOD BANK PRODUCTS SHOULD CONCENTRATE ON: (1) preventing the removal of a considerable fraction of the transfused RBCs that takes place within the first hours after transfusion; (2) minimizing the interaction of the transfused RBCs with the patient's immune system. These issues are important in reducing the number and extent of the damaging side effects of transfusions, such as generation of alloantibodies and autoantibodies and iron accumulation, especially in transfusion-dependent patients. Thus, it becomes important for blood bank research not only to assess the classical RBC parameters for quality control during storage, but even more so to identify the parameters that predict RBC survival, function and behavior in the patient after transfusion. These parameters are likely to result from elucidation of the mechanisms that underly physiological RBC aging in vivo, and that lead to the generation of senescent cell antigens and the accumulation of damaged molecules in vesicles. Also, study of RBC pathology-related mechanisms, such as encountered in various hemoglobinopathies and membranopathies, may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying a storage-associated increase in susceptibility to physiological stress conditions. Recent data indicate that a combination of new approaches in vitro to mimick RBC behavior in vivo, the growing knowledge of the signaling networks that regulate RBC structure and function, and the rapidly expanding set of proteomic and metabolomic data, will be instrumental to identify the storage-associated processes that control RBC survival after transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel J C G M Bosman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
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