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Ogasawara K, Sano R, Kominato Y. Review of ABO Expression and Variations based on Transcriptional Regulation of the ABO Blood Group Gene. Transfus Med Hemother 2024; 51:210-224. [PMID: 39135854 PMCID: PMC11318969 DOI: 10.1159/000536556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Summary We review the transcriptional regulation of ABO expression and discuss variants in the promoter and erythroid cell-specific regulatory region in individuals with weak ABO phenotypes such as Bm, Am, B3, and A3. We also review the molecular mechanisms responsible for variations in ABO expression in development and disease including the cell type-specific expression of ABO during erythroid cell differentiation, and reduction of A- or B-antigens in cancer cells or on red blood cells in patients with leukemia. Although the relationship between ABO blood group antigens and diseases has been characterized, the physiological significance of the ABO blood group system remains unclear. Key Messages This review discusses accumulated knowledge of the ABO gene regulation and potential reasons for conservation of ABO during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ogasawara
- Department of Research and Development, Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Thun GA, Gueuning M, Sigurdardottir S, Meyer E, Gourri E, Schneider L, Merki Y, Trost N, Neuenschwander K, Engström C, Frey BM, Meyer S, Mattle-Greminger MP. Novel regulatory variant in ABO intronic RUNX1 binding site inducing A 3 phenotype. Vox Sang 2024; 119:377-382. [PMID: 38226545 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mixed-field agglutination in ABO phenotyping (A3, B3) has been linked to genetically different blood cell populations such as in chimerism, or to rare variants in either ABO exon 7 or regulatory regions. Clarification of such cases is challenging and would greatly benefit from sequencing technologies that allow resolving full-gene haplotypes at high resolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used long-read sequencing by Oxford Nanopore Technologies to sequence the entire ABO gene, amplified in two overlapping long-range PCR fragments, in a blood donor presented with A3B phenotype. Confirmation analyses were carried out by Sanger sequencing and included samples from other family members. RESULTS Our data revealed a novel heterozygous g.10924C>A variant on the ABO*A allele located in the transcription factor binding site for RUNX1 in intron 1 (+5.8 kb site). Inheritance was shown by the results of the donor's mother, who shared the novel variant and the anti-A specific mixed-field agglutination. CONCLUSION We discovered a regulatory variant in the 8-bp RUNX1 motif of ABO, which extends current knowledge of three other variants affecting the same motif and also leading to A3 or B3 phenotypes. Overall, long-range PCR combined with nanopore sequencing proved powerful and showed great potential as an emerging strategy for resolving cases with cryptic ABO phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Andri Thun
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Morgan Gueuning
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Sigurdardottir
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo Meyer
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elise Gourri
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Linda Schneider
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Merki
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Trost
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Neuenschwander
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Engström
- Department of Immunohematology, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Beat M Frey
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Immunohematology, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Maja P Mattle-Greminger
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Choi SJ, Kim HK, Suh EJ, Kwon SS, Shin S, Lee ST, Kim S. CEBPA double mutations associated with ABO antigen weakness in hematologic diseases. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1487-1493. [PMID: 38359363 PMCID: PMC10951908 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT ABO antigen weakness is rarely observed in ABO typing for transfusion. Hematologic diseases and associated gene mutations have been suggested as potential causes of this phenomenon, yet the precise etiology has not been elucidated. Through ABO typing and genetic analysis data conducted over 7 years, we have reconfirmed the association between ABO antigen weakness and hematologic diseases, especially acute myeloid leukemia (odds ratio [OR], 2.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-5.83) and myelodysplastic syndrome (OR, 6.94; 95% CI, 2.86-16.83), and discovered previously unidentified candidate genes, CEBPA (OR, 43.70; 95% CI, 18.12-105.40), NRAS (OR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.46-7.79), U2AF1 (OR, 8.12; 95% CI, 2.86-23.03), and PTPN11 (OR, 4.52; 95% CI, 1.51-13.50), seemingly associated with this phenomenon. Among these, CEBPA double mutations displayed a significant association, with ABO antigen weakness being observed in 20 of the 25 individuals (80.0%) possessing these mutations. From this study, new factors associated with ABO antigen weakness have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Sung Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Dxome, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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