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Lee N, Choi J, Yoon J. Diagnostic imaging features of hepatic myelolipoma incarcerated in a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia a cat. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e42. [PMID: 35332713 PMCID: PMC9149501 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 1-year-old male Persian cat was presented for castration. Liver incarcerated in a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) was diagnosed through pre-anesthetic tests. Multiple homogeneous hyperechoic nodules in the hepatic parenchyma were identified using ultrasound. The nodules showed decreased attenuation compared with normal hepatic parenchyma, and the herniated hepatic parenchyma showed increased arterial and decreased portal enhancement on computed tomography. From the histopathology, we diagnosed hydropic degeneration with portal fibrosis and myelolipoma. This report presents diagnostic imaging features of hepatic myelolipoma incarcerated in a PPDH in a cat. When perfusion of the hepatic parenchyma is altered, surgical treatment should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namsoon Lee
- Time Animal Medical Center, Daejeon 35233, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junghee Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Triple-Phase Multidetector Computed Tomography in Distinguishing Canine Hepatic Lesions. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010011. [PMID: 33374833 PMCID: PMC7823275 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The goal of this study was to find any associations between the histologic diagnosis and the radiodensity of liver lesions. Thirty-one dogs with focal or multifocal liver lesions undergoing computed tomography examination were included in the study. Computed tomography examinations were performed before and after the application of a contrast medium, and postcontrast images were obtained in three different vascular phases; the arterial, portal, and delayed venous phases. A histological diagnosis was subsequently obtained for all of the dogs. From the results, no significant differences were identified between the benign and malignant liver lesions, nor between the individual histological types of lesions. The conclusion from this study is that triple-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography cannot differentiate between benign and malignant liver lesions. Biopsy and further histological analysis are necessary. Abstract The liver has a unique vascular supply, and triple-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography examinations are being performed in order to characterize liver lesions. This study aimed to look for any associations between the attenuation values of liver lesions and their histological classification. The inclusion criteria for this retrospective study were focal or multifocal liver lesions and histological diagnosis. All of the dogs underwent pre-contrast and triple-phase postcontrast computed tomography (CT) examinations with identical timings of the postcontrast series. Thirty-one dogs were included in the study, and various benign and malignant pathologies were identified. The results did not identify any significant differences between the benign and malignant liver lesions, nor between the individual histological diagnoses. Inflammatory lesions were significantly different compared to the normal liver parenchyma, and significant hypoattenuation was found in the portal and delayed venous phases. Hemangiosarcomas were significantly hypoattenuating to the normal liver parenchyma in the pre-contrast and arterial phases, and also to all of the benign lesions in the arterial phase. The other pathologies showed variable attenuation patterns in the different postcontrast phases, and differentiation was not possible. On the basis of this study, triple-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography cannot differentiate between benign and malignant liver lesions, and biopsy and further histological analysis are necessary.
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Magalhães N, Silva I, Fernandes T, Bonelli M, Cardoso M, Silva Júnior V, Costa F. Hepatopatia esteroidal em gatas após terapia com prednisolona: aspectos laboratoriais, tomográficos e histopatológicos. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Glicocorticoides são amplamente utilizados na clínica de pequenos animais, entretanto seu uso contínuo pode causar efeitos colaterais. Os gatos são considerados menos susceptíveis a esses efeitos do que outras espécies, mas existem poucos trabalhos abordando os efeitos adversos em felinos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar possíveis alterações laboratoriais, histopatológicas e do grau de atenuação radiográfica do parênquima hepático de gatas submetidas à terapia com prednisolona. Um ensaio clínico foi realizado em quatro gatas hígidas, as quais receberam prednisolona, por via oral, na dose de 3mg/kg, durante 60 dias consecutivos. Nos achados histopatológicos após 60 dias de tratamento, observou-se desorganização dos cordões de hepatócitos e degeneração vacuolar, além de necrose de hepatócitos, porém não foram observados sinais de fibrose no parênquima hepático. Os dados da tomografia computadorizada demonstram aumento do grau de atenuação do parênquima hepático a partir do 30º dia da administração de prednisolona, que persistiu até o final do experimento. No presente estudo, foi possível caracterizar a existência de hepatopatia esteroidal em gatos em estágios precoces da terapia com prednisolona.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I.C.C. Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - M.A. Bonelli
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - F.S. Costa
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
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Silva ICCD, Bonelli MDA, Rameh-de-Albuquerque LC, Zanotti AP, Siqueira DBD, Fernandes THT, Costa FS. Computed tomography of the lungs of healthy captive red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria). J Exot Pet Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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An G, Kwon D, Yoon H, Yu J, Bang S, Lee Y, Jeon S, Jung J, Chang J, Chang D. Evaluation of the radiographic liver length/11th thoracic vertebral length ratio as a method for quantifying liver size in cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:640-647. [PMID: 31469210 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal radiography is a standard diagnostic test for cats with suspected liver disease, however, absolute measurements of radiographic liver size can be affected by other factors such as positioning, radiographic technique, and obesity. This prospective and retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional study evaluated the liver length/11th thoracic vertebral length (LL/T11) ratio as a method for minimizing these outside effects. In a prospectively recruited sample of 25 clinically healthy cats, measurements of radiographic LL/T11 ratio were compared with CT measurements of liver volume. Effects of radiographic technical factors (body posture, recumbency state, and beam center to LL/T11 ratio) and observer were also tested. In a retrospectively recruited sample of 324 cats with no evidence of liver disease, radiographic measurements of the LL/T11 ratio were performed using right lateral radiographs and compared among signalment groups (age, sex, body weight, and body condition score). There was a strong significant correlation between the LL/T11 ratio and CT liver volume (P < .001), and this ratio was not affected by radiographic technical factors. The reference value of the LL/T11 ratio was 4.22 ± 0.54 and the LL/T11 ratio did not differ among signalment groups. Findings supported the use of the LL/T11 ratio as a novel quantitative index of radiographic liver size in cats. Future studies in clinically affected cats are needed to further validate this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayeon An
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dohoon Kwon
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyounglok Yoon
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Yu
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sohyun Bang
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Youngjae Lee
- Jeil Referral Animal Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Jaihyun Jung
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | | | - Dongwoo Chang
- Section of Veterinary Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Carloni A, Paninarova M, Cavina D, Romanucci M, Salda LD, Teodori S, Vignoli M. Negative hepatic computed tomographic attenuation pattern in a dog with vacuolar hepatopathy and hepatic fat accumulation secondary to cushing's syndrome. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 60:E54-E57. [PMID: 28994151 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes an unusual computed tomographic (CT) hepatic pattern, characterized by negative attenuation values (from -19.59 to -28.85 Hounsfield Units, HU) in a canine patient with severe Cushing's syndrome. Attenuation values of the splenic parenchyma (63.26 HU) and abdominal fat (-118.34 HU) were within normal limits. The negative hepatic attenuation values allowed a CT diagnosis of severe hepatic fatty infiltration that was subsequently confirmed by tissue-core biopsy and histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carloni
- Veterinary Hospital "I Portoni Rossi", Zola Predosa (BO), 40069, Italy
| | | | - Damiano Cavina
- Veterinary Clinic Modena Sud, Spilamberto (MO), 41057, Italy
| | - Mariarita Romanucci
- Diagnostic Imaging (Vignoli) & Pahology (Della Salda, Romanucci), University of Teramo, Piano d'Accio (TE), 64100, Italy
| | - Leonardo Della Salda
- Diagnostic Imaging (Vignoli) & Pahology (Della Salda, Romanucci), University of Teramo, Piano d'Accio (TE), 64100, Italy
| | - Simone Teodori
- Veterinary Clinic Modena Sud, Spilamberto (MO), 41057, Italy
| | - Massimo Vignoli
- Diagnostic Imaging (Vignoli) & Pahology (Della Salda, Romanucci), University of Teramo, Piano d'Accio (TE), 64100, Italy
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Abstract
Feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL) is a common and potentially fatal liver disorder. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms of FHL remain elusive, there is an imbalance between the influx of fatty acids from peripheral fat stores into the liver, de novo liposynthesis, and the rate of hepatic oxidation and dispersal of hepatic TAG via excretion of very-low density lipoproteins. The diagnosis of FHL is based on anamnestic, clinical, and clinicopathologic findings, associated with diagnostic imaging of the liver, and cytology, or histological examination of liver biopsies. Fluid therapy, electrolyte correction and adequate early nutrition are essential components of the therapy for FHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valtolina
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert P Favier
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Recent advances in diagnostic imaging of the hepatobiliary system include MRI, computed tomography (CT), contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and ultrasound elastography. With the advent of multislice CT scanners, sedated examinations in veterinary patients are feasible, increasing the utility of this imaging modality. CT and MRI provide additional information for dogs and cats with hepatobiliary diseases due to lack of superimposition of structures, operator dependence, and through intravenous contrast administration. Advanced ultrasound methods can offer complementary information to standard ultrasound imaging. These newer imaging modalities assist clinicians by aiding diagnosis, prognostication, and surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Marolf
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA.
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Marolf AJ. Computed Tomography and MRI of the Hepatobiliary System and Pancreas. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2016; 46:481-97, vi. [PMID: 26838961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MRI and computed tomographic (CT) imaging are becoming more common in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders in small animals. With the advent of multislice CT scanners, sedated examinations in veterinary patients are feasible increasing the use of this imaging modality. CT and MRI provide additional information for dogs and cats with hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases because of lack of superimposition of structures, operator dependence, and through intravenous contrast administration. This added value provides more information for diagnosis, prognosis, and surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Marolf
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA.
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Sagir Kahraman A, Karakas HM, Kirimlioglu H, Kahraman B, Yilmaz S, Kirimlioglu V. The Assessment of Hepatosteatosis in Living-Donor Liver Transplant: Comparison of Liver Attenuation Index and Histopathologic Results. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2015. [PMID: 26221870 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2015.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to determine the diagnostic value of computed tomography densitometry in the quantification of hepatosteatosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-one potential liver donors, ranging in age from 19 to 52 years (mean age: 32.4 years ± 10.2), participated in the study. The mean hepatic attenuation and mean splenic attenuation were determined using regions of interest measurements. The difference between the mean hepatic attenuation and mean splenic attenuation (or liver attenuation index), with liver attenuation index = mean hepatic attenuation - mean splenic attenuation were calculated. Computed tomography densitometric parameters were correlated with histopathologic results. RESULTS From the histopathologic analysis, the degree of macrovesicular hepatosteatosis was 0% to 8% (mean: 1.1% ± 2%). Seven donors (13.7%) had a degree of macrovesicular steatosis of > 5%, and 12 donors (23.5%) had ≥ 2%. Of the 29 normal donors with histopathologic verification, computed tomography densitometry predicted ≤ 5% of the hepatosteatosis in 27 donors, and ≤ 2% hepatosteatosis in 2 subjects. The liver attenuation index was significantly correlated to the histopathologic results. The mathematical relation between liver attenuation index and the degree of histopathologic hepatosteatosis was calculated using the least-squares methods, which provided quadratic polynomials. CONCLUSIONS Computed tomography densitometry is a rapid, robust, noninvasive technique for the assessment of hepatosteatosis. When used in conjunction with clinically stable reference measurements of spleen, the density measurements of liver correctly predicted the presence of fatty infiltration with significant sensitivity (77%) and specificity (75%). This technique, which was refined during the course of our liver transplant program, minimizes the need for highly invasive percutaneous liver biopsies.
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USE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR INVESTIGATION OF HEPATIC LIPIDOSIS IN CAPTIVECHELONOIDIS CARBONARIA(SPIX, 1824). J Zoo Wildl Med 2015; 46:320-4. [DOI: 10.1638/2014-0178r2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zotti A, Banzato T, Gelain ME, Centelleghe C, Vaccaro C, Aresu L. Correlation of renal histopathology with renal echogenicity in dogs and cats: an ex-vivo quantitative study. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:99. [PMID: 25909709 PMCID: PMC4413530 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased cortical or cortical and medullary echogenicity is one of the most common signs of chronic or acute kidney disease in dogs and cats. Subjective evaluation of the echogenicity is reported to be unreliable. Patient and technical-related factors affect in-vivo quantitative evaluation of the echogenicity of parenchymal organs. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between histopathology and ex-vivo renal cortical echogenicity in dogs and cats devoid of any patient and technical-related biases. Results Kidney samples were collected from 68 dog and 32 cat cadavers donated by the owners to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Padua and standardized ultrasonographic images of each sample were collected. The echogenicity of the renal cortex was quantitatively assessed by means of mean gray value (MGV), and then histopathological analysis was performed. Statistical analysis to evaluate the influence of histological lesions on MGV was performed. The differentiation efficiency of MGV to detect pathological changes in the kidneys was calculated for dogs and cats. Statistical analysis revealed that only glomerulosclerosis was an independent determinant of echogenicity in dogs whereas interstitial nephritis, interstitial necrosis and fibrosis were independent determinants of echogenicity in cats. The global influence of histological lesions on renal echogenicity was higher in cats (23%) than in dogs (12%). Conclusions Different histopathological lesions influence the echogenicity of the kidneys in dogs and cats. Moreover, MGV is a poor test for distinguishing between normal and pathological kidneys in the dog with a sensitivity of 58.3% and specificity of 59.8%. Instead, it seems to perform globally better in the cat, resulting in a fair test, with a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 56%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Zotti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Banzato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy.
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy.
| | - Calogero Vaccaro
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy.
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy.
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