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Rojo Ríos D, Ramírez Zarzosa G, Soler Laguía M, Kilroy D, Martínez Gomariz F, Sánchez Collado C, Gil Cano F, García García MI, Ayala Florenciano MD, Arencibia Espinosa A. Anatomical and Three-Dimensional Study of the Female Feline Abdominal and Pelvic Vascular System Using Dissections, Computed Tomography Angiography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography. Vet Sci 2023; 10:704. [PMID: 38133255 PMCID: PMC10747179 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the anatomical characteristics of the abdominal and pelvic vascular system of two healthy mature female cats via three-dimensional contrast enhanced computed tomography angiography, non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and three-dimensional printing. Volume-rendering computed tomography angiography images were acquired from the ventral aspect using RadiAnt, Amira and OsiriX MD Dicom three-dimensional formats, and three-dimensional printing was obtained and compared with the corresponding computed tomography angiography images. Non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography was made using the time-of-flight imaging in ventral, oblique and lateral views. In addition, three cadavers with colored latex injection were dissected to facilitate the identification of the vascular structures. Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography showed the main vascular structures, whereas with the time-of-flight blood appeared with a high signal intensity compared with associated abdominal and pelvic tissues. Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography images and time-of-flight sequences provided adequate anatomical details of the main arteries and veins that could be used for future feline anatomical and clinical vascular studies of the abdomen and pelvis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojo Ríos
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gregorio Ramírez Zarzosa
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Soler Laguía
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - David Kilroy
- Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francisco Martínez Gomariz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cayetano Sánchez Collado
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Gil Cano
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - María Dolores Ayala Florenciano
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Arencibia Espinosa
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain
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Li B, Ren M, Abouelfetouh MM, Guo P, Ding MX, Yang D, Wu Y, Ding Y. Optimal delay for triple-phase hepatic computed tomography using a bolus-tracking technique in cats. ANIMAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s44149-022-00038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of this study was to provide the characteristics of hepatic computed tomography images and optimize their transition delay with a bolus-tracking technique for triple-phase hepatic computed tomography in cats. Dynamic triple-phase computed tomography was performed in nine healthy cats. The upper third of the liver was dynamically scanned every 0.5 s for 40 s. The time density curves of the aorta and hepatic parenchyma mean enhancement were analyzed. Triple-phase hepatic computed tomography was performed three times with a bolus trigger of 200 Hounsfield units of aortic enhancement. The transition delays of the arterial, portal, and hepatic parenchymal phases were respectively 0, 5 and 60 s in the first scan; 2, 7 and 62 s in the second scan; and 4, 9 and 64 s in the third scan. All computed tomography images were evaluated by a certificated radiologist. The arterial vessels and their main branches were well enhanced at a 2 s transition delay. The contrast of the portal vein to the liver parenchyma was most obvious at a 7 s transition delay. The mean enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma peaked at a 62 s transition delay, whereas the degree of enhancement of the hepatic vasculature decreased. In this study, the recommended transition delays for the arterial, portal, and hepatic parenchymal phases were 2 s, 7 s and 62 s, respectively, after triggering at 200 Hounsfield units of aortic enhancement. This information may be helpful in diagnosing feline liver diseases and provides a key reference for the clinical implementation of CT.
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Morisaka H, Matsuura K, Yamaguchi H, Ichikawa T, Onishi H. Effect of decreased contrast injection flow rate on aortic enhancement in 80-KV peak CT with contrast dose reduction. Acta Radiol 2021; 64:353-359. [PMID: 34923851 DOI: 10.1177/02841851211067144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effect of decreased injection flow rate of contrast agent at the same iodine dose and delivery rate on aortic enhancement has not been clearly elucidated. PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of decreased injection flow rate of contrast agent on aortic peak enhancement in a dynamic flow phantom and on aortic enhancement in clinical dynamic 80-kVp computed tomography (CT) with contrast dose reduction. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the dynamic flow phantom experiment, the effect of a decreased injection flow rate at the same total iodine dose and delivery rate on simulated aortic peak enhancement was evaluated. In the clinical retrospective study, we searched 312 patients with renal dysfunction who underwent an 80-kVp abdominal dynamic CT with 40% reduction of contrast agent from a standard 120-kVp protocol and measured the aortic enhancement at the level of the hepatic hilum. Independent predictors for aortic enhancement were determined by multiple linear regression analysis, and after adjustment of significant predictors, independent variables for acquiring optimal aortic enhancement, ≥300 HU, were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In the phantom experiment, decreased flow rate showed a significant but small descent effect (6%-9%) on simulated aortic peak enhancement. In the multiple linear regression analysis, only age was an independent predictor of aortic enhancement; there was no independent predictor for optimal age-adjusted aortic enhancement of ≥300 HU. CONCLUSIONS Decreased injection flow rate had a small influence on aortic enhancement in vitro but had no significant effect on the aortic enhancement in clinical dynamic 80-kVp CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Morisaka
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
- Diagnostic Radiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Matsuura
- Diagnostic Radiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruomi Yamaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ichikawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onishi
- Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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Thierry F, Chau J, Makara M, Specchi S, Auriemma E, Longo M, Handel I, Schwarz T. Vascular conspicuity differs among injection protocols and scanner types for canine multiphasic abdominal computed tomographic angiography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:677-686. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Thierry
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Jennifer Chau
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Sydney; New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Mariano Makara
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Sydney; New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Swan Specchi
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara; Granozzo con Monticello Novara Italy
| | - Edoardo Auriemma
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara; Granozzo con Monticello Novara Italy
| | - Maurizio Longo
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Ian Handel
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Tobias Schwarz
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
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Lee SK, Lee D, Kim D, Cha A, Choi J. Effect of catheter size and injection rate of contrast agent on enhancement and image quality for triple-phase helical computed tomography of the liver in small dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 58:664-670. [PMID: 28752521 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid contrast injection is recommended for triple-phase helical computed tomography (CT) of the liver. However, a large-gauge catheter is needed for faster contrast injection and this is not practical for small breed dogs or cats. The purpose of this crossover group study was to evaluate applicability of a lower injection rate with a small-gauge (G) catheter for triple-phase hepatic CT in small dogs. Triple-phase CT images were acquired for six beagle dogs using three protocols: an injection rate of 1.5 ml/s with a 24 G catheter, 3.0 ml/s with a 22 G catheter, and 4.5 ml/s with a 20 G catheter. Enhancement of the aorta, portal vein, and hepatic parenchyma was measured in each phase (arterial, portal, and delayed) and image quality was scored subjectively by two observers. Injection duration, time to scan delay, and time to peak enhancement were also recorded. Contrast injection duration decreased with a higher injection rate (n = 6, P ≤ 0.01), but time to peak enhancement and time to scan delay were not significantly affected by injection rates and catheter sizes. Contrast injection rate did not significantly affect aortic, portal, and hepatic enhancement. In addition, separation between each phase and quality of images was subjectively scored as good regardless of injection rate. Findings from the current study supported using an injection rate of 1.5 ml/s with a catheter size of 24 G for triple-phase hepatic CT in small dogs (weight < 12 kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kwon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongeun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoung Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Recent advances in diagnostic imaging of the hepatobiliary system include MRI, computed tomography (CT), contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and ultrasound elastography. With the advent of multislice CT scanners, sedated examinations in veterinary patients are feasible, increasing the utility of this imaging modality. CT and MRI provide additional information for dogs and cats with hepatobiliary diseases due to lack of superimposition of structures, operator dependence, and through intravenous contrast administration. Advanced ultrasound methods can offer complementary information to standard ultrasound imaging. These newer imaging modalities assist clinicians by aiding diagnosis, prognostication, and surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Marolf
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA.
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Marolf AJ. Computed Tomography and MRI of the Hepatobiliary System and Pancreas. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2016; 46:481-97, vi. [PMID: 26838961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MRI and computed tomographic (CT) imaging are becoming more common in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders in small animals. With the advent of multislice CT scanners, sedated examinations in veterinary patients are feasible increasing the use of this imaging modality. CT and MRI provide additional information for dogs and cats with hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases because of lack of superimposition of structures, operator dependence, and through intravenous contrast administration. This added value provides more information for diagnosis, prognosis, and surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Marolf
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA.
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Lamb CR, Sibbing K, Priestnall SL. PATHOLOGIC BASIS FOR RIM ENHANCEMENT OBSERVED IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES OF FELINE NASOPHARYNGEAL POLYPS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:130-6. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Lamb
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - Kendall Sibbing
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
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