1
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A Combined Hypofractionated Volumetric Modulated Arc Radiotherapy, Radio-Sensitising and Adjuvant Metronomic Chemotherapy Treatment for Canine Stage IV Nasal Tumours With Intracranial Extension. Top Companion Anim Med 2022; 51:100737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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2
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Keyerleber MA, Barber LG. Pilot study evaluating the tolerability of a 3 Gy × 10 daily fraction 3D-conformal palliative radiation therapy protocol plus toceranib for the treatment of measurable carcinomas in the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:798-806. [PMID: 35969240 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of radiation therapy in conjunction with small molecule inhibitors is an appealing treatment combination for non-resectable carcinomas, which tend to be locally invasive with variable risk of locoregional metastasis. This prospective, pilot study aimed to evaluate the tolerability and adverse event profile of concurrent toceranib and palliative-intent radiation therapy (PRT) in dogs with measurable carcinoma and to secondarily evaluate short-term measurable tumor response. Fifteen dogs with measurable carcinoma received toceranib and 3D-conformal PRT in 3 Gy/fraction for 10 daily fractions. Adverse events were graded using standard schemes and tolerability was followed via quality-of-life questionnaires during the 12-week treatment period. Thirteen dogs (87%) experienced acute radiation toxicity, graded as severe in three dogs. All dogs experienced toceranib toxicity, graded as severe in one dog. Seven dogs (47%) completed the 12-week study protocol; four were withdrawn due to toxicity and/or associated poor quality of life and four developed progressive disease. Based on these preliminary results, this 3D-conformal chemoradiation protocol should be considered with caution and only with proper owner education on potential toxicity. More conformal treatment planning techniques or alternative protocols should be investigated for improved tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Keyerleber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa G Barber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Fu DR, Kadosawa T. Comparison of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immunohistochemical expression and outcomes in canine nasal carcinomas treated with radiation therapy. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1237-1243. [PMID: 35851267 PMCID: PMC9523303 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been reported in human nasopharyngeal and canine nasal carcinomas. The present study measured EGFR
and COX-2 expression and calculated correlations between these proteins and clinical variables and outcomes in dogs with nasal carcinoma treated with radiation therapy. Before treatment, the
immunohistochemistry of EGFR and COX-2 was performed in 67 biopsied tissues from canine nasal carcinomas. The correlations between these protein levels, clinical variables, and outcomes were
evaluated. EGFR and COX-2 were detected in 88.1% and 82.1% of our samples, respectively. Neither EGFR nor COX-2 was associated with T stage and cribriform plate destruction. Dogs with low
EGFR levels had a significantly longer survival time than dogs with high EGFR expression (P=0.043). The COX-2 expression level was not significantly associated with survival
times after radiation therapy (P=0.653). Overexpression of EGFR is negatively correlated with survival in dogs with nasal carcinoma. Future studies should identify tumor
biomarkers to develop therapeutic targets for effective treatments for canine nasal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Renn Fu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University.,Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadosawa
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
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4
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Schmid D, Scholz VB, Kircher PR, Lautenschlaeger IE. Employing deep convolutional neural networks for segmenting the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes in CT studies of dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:763-770. [PMID: 35877815 PMCID: PMC9796347 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While still in its infancy, the application of deep convolutional neural networks in veterinary diagnostic imaging is a rapidly growing field. The preferred deep learning architecture to be employed is convolutional neural networks, as these provide the structure preferably used for the analysis of medical images. With this retrospective exploratory study, the applicability of such networks for the task of delineating certain organs with respect to their surrounding tissues was tested. More precisely, a deep convolutional neural network was trained to segment medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes in a study dataset consisting of CT scans of canine heads. With a limited dataset of 40 patients, the network in conjunction with image augmentation techniques achieved an intersection-overunion of overall fair performance (median 39%, 25 percentiles at 22%, 75 percentiles at 51%). The results indicate that these architectures can indeed be trained to segment anatomic structures in anatomically complicated and breed-related variating areas such as the head, possibly even using just small training sets. As these conditions are quite common in veterinary medical imaging, all routines were published as an open-source Python package with the hope of simplifying future research projects in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schmid
- Clinic of Diagnostic ImagingVetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Volkher B. Scholz
- Clinic of Diagnostic ImagingVetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Patrick R. Kircher
- Clinic of Diagnostic ImagingVetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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5
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Nasry WHS, Martin CK. Intersecting Mechanisms of Hypoxia and Prostaglandin E2-Mediated Inflammation in the Comparative Biology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:539361. [PMID: 34094895 PMCID: PMC8175905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.539361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cancer was first proposed by Rudolph Virchow over 150 years ago, and our understanding of its significance has grown over decades of biomedical research. The arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation, including cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, PGE2 synthase enzymes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 receptors has been extensively studied and has been associated with different diseases and different types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition to inflammation in the tumour microenvironment, low oxygen levels (hypoxia) within tumours have also been shown to contribute to tumour progression. Understandably, most of our OSCC knowledge comes from study of this aggressive cancer in human patients and in experimental rodent models. However, domestic animals develop OSCC spontaneously and this is an important, and difficult to treat, form of cancer in veterinary medicine. The primary goal of this review article is to explore the available evidence regarding interaction between hypoxia and the arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation during malignant behaviour of OSCC. Overlapping mechanisms in hypoxia and inflammation can contribute to tumour growth, angiogenesis, and, importantly, resistance to therapy. The benefits and controversies of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic therapies for human and animal OSCC patients will be discussed, including conventional pharmaceutical agents as well as natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamed Shaker Nasry
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
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6
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Wustefeld-Janssens B, Smith L, Wilson-Robles H. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy in veterinary cancer treatment: a review. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:237-243. [PMID: 33305431 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multi-modality treatment strategies are more becoming commonplace in veterinary oncology practice yet the evidence base is far inferior to what has been generated in people. Surgery is unquestionably the cornerstone of most solid tumour treatment plans but certain scenarios dictate combining surgery with systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy as an adjunct. By using these in the neoadjuvant setting, one can leverage certain effects of the treatment to improve local disease control, improve overall survival, gain insight into drug efficacy, reduce surgical morbidity and reduce long-term complications. An unintended consequence of combining therapies is an increased flow of information between members of the care team upfront that in almost all cases leads to improved patient outcomes albeit a difficult metric to quantify. This review sets out to explore some of the principles of neoadjuvant therapies and discuss potential opportunities to expand the evidence base in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wustefeld-Janssens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - L Smith
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - H Wilson-Robles
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
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7
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Mortier JR, Blackwood L. Treatment of nasal tumours in dogs: a review. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:404-415. [PMID: 32715503 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nasal tumours are common neoplasms in dogs and often represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to their confined location within the nasal cavities. The main goal of this review is to extract the most relevant information from a wide and often confusing evidence-based medicine on the treatment of canine nasal tumours and conclude with current recommendations. This report highlights the different therapeutic modalities available and describes their technical aspects, interests and limitations. Megavoltage radiotherapy, as the most recent treatment and standard of care, is particularly examined, especially the different types of radiotherapy units, the main protocols used and their advantages and limits. Newer and non-conventional treatments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Mortier
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston, CH647TE, UK
| | - L Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston, CH647TE, UK
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8
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Nell E, Ober C, Rendahl A, Forrest L, Lawrence J. Volumetric tumor response assessment is inefficient without overt clinical benefit compared to conventional, manual veterinary response assessment in canine nasal tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:592-603. [PMID: 32702179 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of tumor response to therapy is critical in guiding management of veterinary oncology patients and is most commonly performed using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors criteria. This process can be time consuming and have high intra- and interobserver variability. The primary aim of this serial measurements, secondary analysis study was to compare manual linear tumor response assessment to semi-automated, contoured response assessment in canine nasal tumors. The secondary objective was to determine if tumor measurements or clinical characteristics, such as stage, would correlate to progression-free interval. Three investigators evaluated paired CT scans of skulls of 22 dogs with nasal tumors obtained prior to and following radiation therapy. The automatically generated tumor volumes were not useful for canine nasal tumors in this study, characterized by poor intraobserver agreement between automatically generated contours and hand-adjusted contours. The radiologist's manual linear method of determining response evaluation criteria in solid tumors categorization and tumor volume is significantly faster (P < .0001) but significantly underestimates nasal tumor volume (P < .05) when compared to a contour-based method. Interobserver agreement was greater for volume determination using the contour-based method when compared to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors categorization utilizing the same method. However, response evaluation criteria in solid tumors categorization and percentage volume change were strongly correlated, providing validity to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors as a rapid method of tumor response assessment for canine nasal tumors. No clinical characteristics or tumor measurements were significantly associated with progression-free interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher Ober
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa Forrest
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
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9
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Tamburro R, Millanta F, Del Signore F, Terragni R, Magni T, Vignoli M. Evaluation of the Spirotome Device for Nasal Tumors Biopsy in Eleven Dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 40:100436. [PMID: 32690281 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the accuracy and diagnostic quality of histological samples obtained with the Spirotome device on biopsies from dogs affected by canine nasal tumors. Eleven dogs were included in this study. The mean age was 10 years. All biopsies were successfully performed within 15 minutes. All dogs showed nasal bleeding after the biopsies, which was quickly managed by applying intranasal compression with sterile cotton swabs. Bleeding stopped within 10 minutes after sampling. All biopsy samples were considered satisfactory by the pathologist, allowing a proper histological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tamburro
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Teramo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | - Massimo Vignoli
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Teramo, Italy
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10
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Wolf F, Meier VS, Pot SA, Rohrer Bley C. Ocular and periocular radiation toxicity in dogs treated for sinonasal tumors: A critical review. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:596-610. [PMID: 32281234 PMCID: PMC7496316 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Visual impairment from radiation‐induced damage can be painful, disabling, and reduces the patient's quality of life. Ocular tissue damage can result from the proximity of ocular organs at risk to irradiated sinonasal target volumes. As toxicity depends on the radiation dose delivered to a certain volume, dose‐volume constraints for organs at risk should ideally be known during treatment planning in order to reduce toxicity. Herein, we summarize published ocular toxicity data of dogs irradiated for sinonasal tumors from 36 publications (1976‐2018). In particular, we tried to extract a dose guideline for a clinically acceptable rate of ocular toxicity. The side effects to ocular and periocular tissues were reported in 26/36 studies (72%) and graded according to scoring systems (10/26; 39%). With most scoring systems, however, toxicities of different ocular and periocular tissues are summed into one score. Further, the scores were mostly applied in retrospect and lack volume‐ and dose‐data. This incomplete information reflects the crux of the matter for radiation dose tolerance in canine ocular tissues: The published information of the last three decades does not allow formulating dose‐volume guidelines. As a start, we can only state that a mean dose of 39 Gy (given in 10 x 4.2 Gy fractions) will lead to loss of vision by one or both eyes, while mean doses of <30 Gy seem to preserve functionality. With a future goal to define tolerated doses and volumes of ocular and periocular tissues at risk, we propose the use of combined ocular toxicity scoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Wolf
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valeria S Meier
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon A Pot
- Ophthalmology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Szweda M, Rychlik A, Babińska I, Pomianowski A. Significance of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Oncogenesis. J Vet Res 2019; 63:215-224. [PMID: 31276061 PMCID: PMC6598184 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme catalyses the first stage of biosynthesis of prostanoids, proteins that are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes in humans and animals. The expression of COX-2 increases significantly during pathological processes accompanied by inflammation, pain and fever. Overexpression of COX-2 was determined in tumour tissues, which suggests that this enzyme participates in oncogenesis. In this paper the topics discussed are mechanisms regulating COX-2 expression, COX isoforms, their role in the body and the oncogenic mechanisms triggered by the overexpression of COX-2, including inhibition of apoptosis, intensification of neoangiogenesis, increased metastatic capacity, and weakening of the immune system. The significance of and the mechanisms by which COX-2 participates in oncogenesis have been studied intensively in recent years. The results are highly promising, and they expand our understanding of the complex processes and changes at the molecular, cellular and tissue level that promote oncogenesis and cancer progression. Notwithstanding the knowledge already gleaned, many processes and mechanisms have not yet been elucidated in human medicine and, in particular, in veterinary medicine. Further research is required to develop effective tumour diagnostic methods and treatment procedures for humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szweda
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, 10-719Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Izabella Babińska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Medicine, and Administration Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719Olsztyn, Poland
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12
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Fan VC, Mayer MN, Sukut SL, Gustafson NR, Mauldin GN, Waldner CL. Retrospective survey of owners' experiences with palliative radiation therapy for pets. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 253:307-314. [PMID: 30019997 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe animal owners' experiences with palliative radiation therapy (PRT) of pets and identify factors influencing satisfaction with their pets' treatment. DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional study. SAMPLE 118 owners of dogs, cats, or rabbits. PROCEDURES Medical records were searched to identify animals that underwent PRT between 2004 and 2013. Signalment, tumor-related data, and outcome information were recorded. Owners completed an electronic survey assessing satisfaction with treatment (ie, satisfaction with the decision for their pet to undergo PRT and indication that they would choose PRT for their pet again), expectations regarding PRT, and perceptions of their pets' quality of life (QOL) and signs of discomfort from acute adverse radiation effects. Additional data regarding practical aspects of treatment, pet death, communications with veterinarians, and owner demographics were collected. Variables were tested for association with measures of owner satisfaction. RESULTS 92 of 116 (79%) owners were satisfied with the decision to have their pets undergo PRT. Most (92/118 [78%]) owners reported their pet's QOL improved after PRT; these owners were significantly more likely to be satisfied than those who did not report improved QOL. Owners who perceived their pets had discomfort from adverse radiation effects (38/116 [33%]) were significantly less likely to be satisfied than owners who did not report this observation. Measures of satisfaction were not associated with patient survival time. Twenty-one of 118 (18%) owners indicated they expected PRT would cure their pet's tumor. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that short life expectancy should not deter recommendation of PRT for pets. Protocols that minimize risk of acute adverse effects may be advantageous. Veterinarians should attempt to ensure that owners understand the goals of PRT.
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13
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Hurst EA, Pang LY, Argyle DJ. The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor mavacoxib (Trocoxil) exerts anti-tumour effects in vitro independent of cyclooxygenase-2 expression levels. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:194-207. [PMID: 30767381 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inducible inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) are prominent tumour promoters, and expression of COX-2 is elevated in a number of tumours of both humans and canines. Targeting COX-2 in cancer is an attractive option because of readily available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and there is a clear epidemiological link between NSAID use and cancer risk. In this study, we aim to establish the anti-tumourigenic effects of the selective, long-acting COX-2 inhibitor mavacoxib. We show here that mavacoxib is cytotoxic to a panel of human and canine osteosarcoma, mammary and bladder carcinoma cancer cell lines; that it can induce apoptosis and inhibit the migration of these cells. Interestingly, we establish that mavacoxib can exert these effects independently of elevated COX-2 expression. This study highlights the potential novel use of mavacoxib as a cancer therapeutic, suggesting that mavacoxib may be an effective anti-cancer agent independent of tumour COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Hurst
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa Y Pang
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Argyle
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Wada Y, Noguchi S, Sasaki H, Taketomi A, Hamakawa M, Shimamura S, Shimada T. Prognostic significance of midline shift of the olfactory or frontal lobes of the brain in canine nasal carcinomas treated by palliative radiotherapy: a pilot study. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1724-1727. [PMID: 30305466 PMCID: PMC6261827 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine nasal carcinomas are often treated with radiotherapy. Presence of lysis of the cribriform plate by tumor invasion (stage 4 by modified Adams’s staging system) is a well-known
prognostic factor. In this study, dogs with stage 4 disease were divided into two subgroups based on the presence or absence of midline shift of the olfactory or frontal lobes of the brain
(Stage 4a: without presence of midline shift. Stage 4b: with midline shift). The median survival time of dogs with midline shift was significantly shorter than that of dogs without midline
shift (64 vs. 208 days). Our results indicate that the finding of a midline shift might have a prognostic significance in dogs with nasal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Wada
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8513, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Sasaki
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Ai Taketomi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mizuho Hamakawa
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shimamura
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Terumasa Shimada
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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15
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Gramer I, Killick D, Scase T, Chandry D, Marrington M, Blackwood L. Expression of VEGFR and PDGFR-α/-β in 187 canine nasal carcinomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1041-1050. [PMID: 27278115 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy represents the standard of care for intranasal carcinomas. Responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been reported but data on expression of target receptor tyrosine kinases (rTKs) is limited. This study characterizes the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α and PDGFR-β in canine intranasal carcinomas. Histological samples from 187 dogs were retrieved. Immunohistochemistry was performed using commercially available antibodies. Expression of rTKs was classified into weak, moderate or intense and additionally recorded as cytoplasmic, membranous, cytoplasmic-membranous, nuclear or stromal. VEGFR was expressed in 158 dogs with predominantly moderate expression (36.9%) and a cytoplasmic-membranous expression pattern (70.9%). PDGFR-α was detected in 133 with predominantly weak expression (57.9%) and cytoplasmic pattern (87.9%). PDGFR-β was identified in 74 patients with a predominantly moderate expression (17.6%) and cytoplasmic expression pattern (63.5%). Co-expression of rTKs was common. These results confirm expression of VEGFR, PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β in canine intranasal carcinomas and support the utility of TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gramer
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - D Killick
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - T Scase
- Bridge Pathology Ltd., Bristol BS7 0BJ, UK
| | - D Chandry
- Bridge Pathology Ltd., Bristol BS7 0BJ, UK
| | - M Marrington
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - L Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
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16
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Tornago R, Sabattini S, De Simoi A, Bettini G, Furlanello T, Baldassarre V, Cornali M, Mazzucato M, Carlin S, Gentilini F. Treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a horse by surgical debulking followed by metronomic chemotherapy. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Tornago
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - S. Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna Italy
| | - A. De Simoi
- Feltrina Veterinary Clinic; Feltre Belluno Italy
| | - G. Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna Italy
| | | | | | - M. Cornali
- Ippodromo di Merano Veterinary Horse Clinic; Merano Italy
| | | | - S. Carlin
- Ippodromo di Merano Veterinary Horse Clinic; Merano Italy
| | - F. Gentilini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Bologna; Ozzano dell'Emilia Bologna Italy
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