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Abd El-Hameed ZS, El-Shafey AAEF, Metwally MA, Abd El-Samie HAER, Kassab A. Anatomy of the rabbit inner ear using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:403-410. [PMID: 36609852 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Anatomically, the inner ear is a highly complex organ of intricate design, composed of a bony labyrinth that encases the same-shaped membranous labyrinth. It is difficult to study the three-dimensional anatomy of the inner ear because the relevant structures are very small and embedded within the petrous temporal bone, one of the densest bones in the body. The current study aimed to provide a detailed anatomic reference for the normal anatomy of the rabbit's inner ear. As a study model, ten healthy adults New Zealand White rabbit heads were used. Six heads were used for macroscopic evaluation of the bony and membranous labyrinths. The remaining four heads were evaluated radiographically, where 3D images were generated of the bony and membranous labyrinths using data sets from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. The anatomical structures were identified and labelled according to NominaAnatomicaVeterinaria (NAV). Our study revealed that CT and MRI are the optimal cross-sectional imaging modalities for investigating such tiny and often inaccessible inner ear structures. As high-quality scanners are not readily available to veterinarians, the CT and MRI images generated by this research were of lower quality; therefore, high-quality dissections were used to identify/support structures seen in these images. In conclusion, this study provides one of the first investigations that uses multislice CT scans and MRI to study the rabbit's inner ear and its correlation with the corresponding anatomical images. Both anatomical, CT and MRI images will serve as a reference for interpreting pathologies relative to the rabbit's inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Said Abd El-Hameed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Attia Metwally
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - A Kassab
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Wilson A, Ricci E, Talbot A, Malalana F. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma causes trigeminal nerve dysfunction in a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amie Wilson
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Emanuele Ricci
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Alison Talbot
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Fernando Malalana
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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Vitale V, Gascón E, Corradini I, Armengou L, Jose‐Cunilleras E. Basisphenoid bone fracture in two juvenile horses with different clinical presentation. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vitale
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Hospital Clinic Veterinari Barcelona Spain
| | - Eduard Gascón
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Hospital Clinic Veterinari Barcelona Spain
| | - Ignacio Corradini
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Hospital Clinic Veterinari Barcelona Spain
| | - Lara Armengou
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Hospital Clinic Veterinari Barcelona Spain
| | - Eduard Jose‐Cunilleras
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Hospital Clinic Veterinari Barcelona Spain
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Araújo J, Rodrigues R, Sousa F, Moura L, Silva A, Pessoa G, Macedo K, Costa F, Leitão K, Carvalho P, Alves F. Anatomical description of the skulls of peccaries (Tayassu tajacu, Linnaeus 1758) by computed tomography. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical structures of the skulls of peccaries to establish the basis for their clinical study and future preclinical research. Ten skulls of adult peccaries were subjected to tomographic examination. The data obtained were processed via three-dimensional image reconstruction software (3D images). The reconstructions obtained from the neurocranium of the studied specimens allowed the identification and description of the following structures: nasal bone, frontal bone, parietal bones, incisor bone, maxillary bone, zygomatic bone, temporal bone, palatal bone, occipital bone, vomer bone, pterygoid bone, sphenoid bone, paranasal sinuses and orbit. Computed tomography proved to be an important diagnostic tool in the investigation of the skull of this species, allowing the acquisition of anatomical values not yet documented for the species in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - F.S. Costa
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
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Kutara K, Kadekaru S, Sugisawa R, Une Y. Pyogenic meningitis and trigeminal neuritis secondary to periodontogenic paranasal sinusitis in a red deer (Cervus elaphus). J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:947-951. [PMID: 33840720 PMCID: PMC8267206 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An adult female red deer died of a severe seizure and dysbasia. Postmortem computed
tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. On CT, deciduous
right maxillary second and third premolar teeth were observed, and the right infraorbital
canal was disrupted. MRI showed that the right trigeminal nerve was enlarged and the right
subarachnoid cavity was occupied by fluid and gas. On gross examination, the right
paranasal sinus, swollen muscles of the orbit and tonsils, right trigeminal nerve, and
right cerebrum surface contained a yellowish-white, cheese-like pus. Based on these
findings, the deer was believed to have developed pyogenic meningitis caused by a
neuropathic infection secondary to periodontogenic paranasal sinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kutara
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Sho Kadekaru
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Reiko Sugisawa
- Tohoku Safari Park, 1 Sawamatsukura, Nihonmatsu, Fukushima 964-0088, Japan
| | - Yumi Une
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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Boorman S, Scherrer NM, Stefanovski D, Johnson AL. Facial nerve paralysis in 64 equids: Clinical variables, diagnosis, and outcome. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1308-1320. [PMID: 32249997 PMCID: PMC7255662 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial nerve paralysis (FNP) in equids is not well described in the veterinary literature. OBJECTIVE To investigate the causes of FNP and associations among clinical variables, diagnosis, and outcome. ANIMALS Sixty-four equids presenting with FNP between July 2000 and April 2019. Cases of postanesthetic FNP were excluded. METHODS Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Variables were evaluated for associations with outcomes (diagnosis and case outcome) using logistic regression. RESULTS The most common cause of FNP was trauma (n = 20). Additional diagnoses included central nervous system (CNS) disease (n = 16), idiopathic (n = 12, 4 of which had adequate diagnostic investigation and were considered "true" idiopathic, and 8 of which were considered "not investigated" idiopathic), temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (n = 10), otitis media-interna (n = 3), lymphoma (n = 1), iatrogenic as a consequence of infiltration of local anesthetic (n = 1), and clostridial myositis (n = 1). Follow-up was available for 55 (86%) cases. Twenty-nine (53%) equids had full resolution of FNP, 14 (25%) were euthanized, 6 (11%) partially improved, and 6 (11%) were unchanged or worse. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE If FNP is the consequence of CNS disease, successful treatment of the primary disease likely leads to resolution of FNP. Most cases of FNP in equids are traumatic in origin. True idiopathic cases are uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Boorman
- Department of Clinical SciencesJ. T. Vaughan Teaching Hospital, Auburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Nicole M. Scherrer
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaKennett SquarePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaKennett SquarePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amy L. Johnson
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaKennett SquarePennsylvaniaUSA
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8
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Edwards RA, Hermans H, Veraa S. Morphological variations of the infraorbital canal during CT has limited association with headshaking in horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:485-492. [PMID: 31161704 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Headshaking is a common problem in horses. The etiology is unknown but thought to involve sensory input from branches of the trigeminal nerve, some of which are within the infraorbital canal. The objective of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to describe the CT anatomy and variations of the infraorbital canal in horses with local disease processes and normal horses, and to examine associations between those findings and headshaking. Computed tomography scans were reviewed and morphological changes of the infraorbital canal were described. Presence of changes was then tested for association with headshaking prevalence, presence of disease processes in the region of the infraorbital canal, age, and sex. Nonparametric tests were used and a P-value of .05 was considered significant. A total of 218 horses were included, 9% of which had headshaking and 45% had CT lesions in the region of the infraorbital canal. Morphological changes to the bone of the infraorbital canal were found in 121 horses (56%) and included the following: increased mineralization 39 (18%), decreased mineralization 89 (41%), deformed shape 51 (23%), displaced position 43 (20%), and disruption 11 (5%). All changes of the infraorbital canal significantly increased in frequency with the presence of adjacent disease. Increased mineralization and disruption of the infraorbital canal were significantly associated with headshaking in horses with adjacent disease; the latter only reached significance after exclusion of dentally immature horses. No other changes were significantly associated with the presence of headshaking. No association was found between headshaking and the age or sex of the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Edwards
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Hermans
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Veraa
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Manso‐Díaz G, Taeymans O, García‐López JM, Weller R. Application and indications of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the equine head. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Manso‐Díaz
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
- The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | | | - J. M. García‐López
- Department of Clinical Sciences Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University North Grafton Massachusetts USA
| | - R. Weller
- The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
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Oliveira M, McConnell JF, Maddox TW, Sanchez-Masian D, Gonçalves R. Agreement between transverse T2-weighted and three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state sequences in the evaluation of spinal cord disease in dogs. Vet Rec 2018. [PMID: 29540556 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The constructive interference in steady state (CISS) sequence has been widely used in human neuroimaging. It has been shown to be advantageous in the evaluation of intra-axial and extra-axial cystic abnormalities, arteriovenous and dysraphic malformations and disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. To assess the utility of this technique in small animals, interpretations based on this sequence were compared with those based on T2-weighted (T2W) sequences in 145 dogs that underwent MRI of the spine for suspected spinal cord disease. Two sets of images (T2W and CISS) were reviewed separately by three observers in random order and intraobserver and interobserver agreements between both sequences were evaluated for several categorical variables. The overall agreement between T2W and CISS sequences was good. The highest agreement was observed for lesion diagnosis (0.739<k<0.928), treatment recommendation (0.715<k<0.833) and degree of spinal cord compression (0.772<k<0.952). The agreement for intramedullary intensity change (0.192<k<0.332) was lower compared with the other variables. Lesions that were predominantly characterised by focal hyperintense parenchymal changes on T2W were in some instances undetected on the CISS sequence while lesions consistent with spinal arachnoid diverticula on CISS sequences were occasionally missed on T2W. CISS enabled demonstration that lesions were directly affecting associated spinal nerves in some cases where T2W sequence was equivocal. Although CISS does not replace standard spin echo sequences, the results support inclusion of this sequence in small animal spinal MRI studies when subarachnoid diverticula or spinal nerve compression is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oliveira
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | - James Fraser McConnell
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Thomas W Maddox
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Daniel Sanchez-Masian
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Rita Gonçalves
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Russell
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - T. A. Aboellail
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Y. S. Nout-Lomas
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
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12
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Schön S, Wehrli Eser M, Kircher PR, Sydler T, Augsburger H, Ohlerth S, Beckmann K, Fürst AE. Congenital unilateral facial nerve paralysis in a Warmblood filly. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Schön
- Equine Department; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | | | - P. R. Kircher
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging; Department of Small Animals; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - T. Sydler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - H. Augsburger
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - S. Ohlerth
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging; Department of Small Animals; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - K. Beckmann
- Section of Neurology; Department of Small Animals; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - A. E. Fürst
- Equine Department; University of Zurich; Switzerland
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Dixon J, Lam R, Weller R, Manso-Díaz G, Smith M, Piercy RJ. Clinical application of multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of cranial nerves in horses in comparison with high resolution imaging standards. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Dixon
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - R. Lam
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - R. Weller
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - G. Manso-Díaz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; School of Veterinary Medicine; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Spain
| | - M. Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | - R. J. Piercy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
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