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Hauser A, Thorsen L, Boss MK, Martin TW. A Retrospective Study Evaluating the Outcomes of Conventionally Fractionated Radiation Therapy as a Treatment for Infiltrative Lipomas in Twenty-One Dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39288821 DOI: 10.1111/vco.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Infiltrative lipomas represent a subcategorisation of rarer, potentially more aggressive, lipoma-related neoplasms. Twenty-one dogs treated with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) for infiltrative lipomas were included in this retrospective study. One patient had no prior surgical excision, 11 patients had one prior surgery and 9 patients had two or more surgeries prior to CFRT. Five patients (24%) had microscopic disease and 16 patients (76%) had macroscopic disease prior to treatment. A complete response or no regrowth was seen in 10 patients (48%), stable disease in 6 patients (29%) and progressive disease or regrowth in 5 patients (24%). Response to treatment of macroscopic tumours was significantly different between dogs that had one prior surgery versus two or more (p = 0.01). Dogs with a single surgery were most likely to result in stable disease compared with dogs with two or more surgeries resulting in a complete response. The dog without surgery developed progressive disease at 211 days, dogs with one surgery had a median progression or recurrence at 1369 days and dogs with two or more surgeries developed progression or recurrence at 826 days (p = 0.04). Twelve dogs were alive at the time of analysis. Overall median survival time (MST) was 1694 days. The prior number of surgeries did not significantly affect MST. While survival time is comparable to previous reports, the number of patients with progressive disease or recurrence of previous microscopic disease requires more investigation into the most appropriate protocol, dose and treated field size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hauser
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lily Thorsen
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Tiffany W Martin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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2
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Korytárová N, Bosch B, Klass LG, Slunsky P. Surgical management of urethral obstruction secondary to perineal liposarcoma in a dog: a case report. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:115. [PMID: 38521902 PMCID: PMC10960436 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swelling of the perineal region in male dogs is most commonly caused by a perineal hernia. Clinical signs associated with perineal hernia are constipation, tenesmus or stranguria. This case report documents a rare cause of perineal swelling created by the growth of a malignant tumour leading to urethral obstruction and subsequent stranguria. CASE PRESENTATION An 11-year-old neutered male German Shepherd was presented for swelling in the perineal region and stranguria for three days. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry were unremarkable. Ultrasound revealed a heterogeneous mass in the perineal region. Retrograde urethrography showed a severe narrowing of the urethra caudal to the pelvis. A fine-needle aspirate of the mass was highly suspicious for liposarcoma. Staging was performed by computed tomography (CT) of the thorax and abdomen. Total penile amputation in combination with pubic-ischial pelvic osteotomy, transposition of the remaining urethra through the inguinal canal, V-Y-plasty cranial to the prepuce and preputial urethrostomy were performed to remove the tumour. Histopathology confirmed a well-differentiated liposarcoma with complete histological margins. Six months after the surgery the dog was doing well and there were no signs indicating local tumour recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Wide surgical excision is generally recommended for soft tissue sarcomas, however this is sometimes not feasible for large tumours. In the case reported here, tumour resection was achieved by a combination of several surgical techniques with a good clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Korytárová
- AniCura Small Animal Specialists Augsburg, Max-Josef-Metzger-Straße 9, 86157, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Beate Bosch
- Anicura Small Animal Specialists Ravensburg, Zuppingerstr. 10/1, 88213, Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Luise Grace Klass
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavel Slunsky
- AniCura Small Animal Specialists Augsburg, Max-Josef-Metzger-Straße 9, 86157, Augsburg, Germany
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3
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Craig CJ, Young BD, Andries CV, Aschenbroich SA. Imaging diagnosis: CT characteristics of a retrobulbar hibernoma in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:145-148. [PMID: 38297959 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A 12-year-old female spayed Beagle was referred for investigation of exophthalmos. CT revealed a well-defined, retrobulbar mass causing rostro-dorsal displacement of the left globe. The mass had a mildly heterogeneous precontrast soft tissue attenuation with mild heterogeneous enhancement following iohexol administration. The mass was surgically removed en bloc with an orbital exenteration. Histopathology confirmed the mass to be a hibernoma, a benign tumor of brown adipose tissue. Hibernomas have CT characteristics consistent with both benign and malignant adipose tumors and may be underrecognized by radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sophie A Aschenbroich
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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4
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Biedak N, Graham J, Faissler D, Sato A. Computed tomographic features of an axillary liposarcoma with hepatic metastasis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:E68-E72. [PMID: 37582509 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A geriatric dog presented for lethargy, dyspnea, and urinary incontinence. Thoracic radiographs demonstrated a large, mixed fat, and soft tissue opaque axillary mass and a pulmonary mass. Computed tomography (CT) further characterized these masses and revealed innumerable fat-attenuating hepatic masses and cranial mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Histopathology of the axillary and hepatic masses confirmed grade two primary axillary liposarcoma with hepatic metastasis. Cytology of the pulmonary mass was consistent with a pulmonary carcinoma. This is the first published CT description of fat-attenuating metastatic hepatic liposarcoma in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Biedak
- Department of Clinical Sciences at the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia Graham
- Department of Clinical Sciences at the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dominik Faissler
- Department of Clinical Sciences at the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Sato
- Department of Clinical Sciences at the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Brückner M. Urethral stenting in a dog due to compression and invasion by a liposarcoma. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brückner
- Evidensia Specialistdjursjukhuset Helsingborg Helsingborg Sweden
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6
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Piroth AC, Urbanschitz T, Lederer KA, Lipnik K, Degasperi B. [Intrapelvic leiomyoma causing concurrent colonic and urethral obstruction in a dog]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:134-141. [PMID: 33902122 DOI: 10.1055/a-1385-5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old female spayed dog was presented due to simultaneous inability to defecate and urinate. During digital rectal examination a smooth, rounded, firm-elastic mass was detected. Laboratory results showed a 6-fold elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase activity. Ultrasonographic, radiographic and computed tomography findings raised the suspicion of a leiomyoma. An ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed under mild sedation but cytologic evaluation was inconclusive. During laparotomy the mass was located at the colorectal transition. It was completely removed while keeping the intestinal wall intact. The results of the histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed the initial tentative diagnosis of a leiomyoma. Postoperatively the patient was able to pass urine and feces spontaneously. Six months later the dog presented clinically unremarkable. Abdominal ultrasound and rectal examination exhibited no signs of recurrence. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was only marginally increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Piroth
- Klinische Abteilung für Kleintierchirurgie, Universitätsklinik für Kleintiere, Department für Kleintiere und Pferde, Vetmeduni Wien
| | - Tobias Urbanschitz
- Klinische Abteilung für Interne Medizin Kleintiere, Universitätsklinik für Kleintiere, Department für Kleintiere und Pferde, Vetmeduni Wien
| | - Kristina A Lederer
- Klinische Abteilung für Bildgebende Diagnostik, Universitätsklinik für Kleintiere, Department für Kleintiere und Pferde, Vetmeduni Wien
| | - Karoline Lipnik
- Institut für Pathologie, Department für Pathobiologie, Vetmeduni Wien
| | - Brigitte Degasperi
- Klinische Abteilung für Kleintierchirurgie, Universitätsklinik für Kleintiere, Department für Kleintiere und Pferde, Vetmeduni Wien
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Bertran J, Ham KM, Gibson JF, Litsky A, Kieves NR. Penile urethral resection and anastomosis augmentation with regional tissue tension relieving technique: A cadaveric mechanical study and clinical outcome in two dogs. Vet Surg 2021; 50:888-897. [PMID: 33760239 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe penile urethral augmentation anastomosis (PURAA) for resection anastomosis (RA) of the canine penile urethra by using autogenous tissue in two dogs and to determine the mechanical properties of the augmentation technique in cadaveric specimens. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study and two case reports. ANIMALS Sixteen canine cadavers and two dogs with urethral obstruction. METHODS The lower urogenital system was harvested from cadavers and randomized into two groups: simple (S) and augmented (AUG) RA of the urethra. Tensile strength and peak load were compared between the two groups. Two dogs were treated with PURAA for urethral obstruction secondary to juxtaurethral neoplasms. RESULTS Minimal tensile strength (MITS) and maximal tensile strength (MATS) were greater in the AUG group (MITS, 54.36 ± 24.0 N; MATS, 75.37 ± 34.79 N) compared with the S group (MITS, 11.78 ± 4.93 N, P = .0014; MATS, 13.74 ± 3.89 N, P = .0015). Both dogs recovered without complications. Histopathological examinations were consistent with a lipomatous mass in both cases. Both dogs had good medium-to-long-term outcomes. CONCLUSION The augmentation technique improved the tensile properties of penile RA in normal cadavers and was associated with successful outcomes in two dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Penile urethral augmentation anastomosis may help prevent stricture or leakage secondary to tension at the surgical site after penile urethral RA.
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8
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Santaella DMA, Johnson KL, Helgert ND, Morandi F, Whittemore JC. What Is Your Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:365-367. [PMID: 33539211 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.4.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Caraty J, Belluzzi E, Hassoun R, Esmans M, Bongartz A. Laryngeal infiltrative lipoma in a nine‐year‐old Rottweiler. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Conrado FO, Spoldi E, Kieran EA, Dark MJ, Leissinger MK. Fine-needle aspirate of a large mass in the ventral peritoneal space of a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:355-357. [PMID: 30938837 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O Conrado
- Departments of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elisa Spoldi
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elizabeth A Kieran
- Departments of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael J Dark
- Departments of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mary K Leissinger
- Departments of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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11
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O'Neill DG, Corah CH, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Rutherford L. Lipoma in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK: prevalence and breed associations. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2018; 5:9. [PMID: 30279993 PMCID: PMC6161450 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-018-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipomas are masses of mesenchymal origin, comprising of adipocytes, and are often clinically unremarkable but can be alarming to owners. Although lipomas are reportedly common in dogs, no studies have specifically investigated risk factors associated with their occurrence. This study was a large-scale retrospective analysis of electronic patient records of dogs attending practices participating in VetCompass™. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to evaluate associations between risk factors and primary-care veterinary diagnosis of lipoma. Results From 384,284 dogs under veterinary care during 2013 at 215 primary practice clinics in the UK, there were 2765 lipoma cases identified giving a one-year prevalence of 1.94% (95% CI: 1.87–2.01). Breeds with the highest lipoma prevalence included Weimaraner (7.84%, 95% CI 6.46–9.40), Dobermann Pinscher (6.96%, 95% CI 5.67–8.44), German Pointer (5.23%, 95% CI 3.93–6.80), Springer Spaniel (5.19%, 95% CI 4.76–5.66), and Labrador Retriever (5.15%, 95% CI 4.90–5.41). Dogs with an adult bodyweight equal or higher than their breed/sex mean had 1.96 (95% CI 1.81–2.14, P < 0.001) times the odds of lipoma compared with dogs that weighed below their breed/sex mean. The odds of lipoma increased as adult bodyweight increased. Increased age was strongly associated with increasing odds of lipoma. Compared with dogs aged 3.0 to < 6.0 years, dogs aged 9.0 - < 12.0 years had 17.52 times the odds (95% CI 14.71–20.85, P < 0.001) of lipoma. Neutered males (OR: 1.99, 95% CI 1.69–2.36, P < 0.001) and neutered females (OR: 1.62, 95% CI 1.37–1.91, P < 0.001) had higher odds than entire females. Insured dogs had 1.78 (95% CI 1.53–2.07, P < 0.001) times the odds of lipoma compared with uninsured dogs. Conclusions Lipomas appear to be a relatively common diagnosis in primary-care practice. Certain breeds were identified with remarkably high lipoma prevalence, highlighting the risk that owners should be prepared for. Lipoma predisposition of larger bodyweight individuals within breed/sex suggests that being overweight or obese may be a predisposing factor but would need further work to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G O'Neill
- 1Production and Population Health, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Caroline H Corah
- 1Production and Population Health, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - David B Church
- 2Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Dave C Brodbelt
- 1Production and Population Health, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Lynda Rutherford
- 2Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
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12
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Kurihara M, Bahr RJ, Green R. Liver enzyme elevation caused by a compression of infiltrative lipoma in a dog. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:127-129. [PMID: 30255090 PMCID: PMC6147384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kurihara
- Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Bahr
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, United States
| | - Ronald Green
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal & Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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13
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Lemoy MJM, Salyards GW, Keesler RI, Reader JR. Primary Myxoid Liposarcoma of the Greater Omentum in a Rhesus Macaque ( Macaca mulatta). Comp Med 2018; 68:308-313. [PMID: 30071917 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We here report a spontaneous case of primary myxoid liposarcoma of the greater omentum with subsequent transperitoneal recurrence. The primary mass was incidentally found during an exploratory laparotomy for a presumed diagnosis of trichobezoar or phytobezoar and was removed surgically. Histopathologic examination of the mass revealed the presence of a myxoid liposarcoma. Eleven months later, recurrence with severe transperitoneal sarcomatosis of the myxoid liposarcoma was noted and confirmed by necropsy and histopathology. A review of the literature revealed that liposarcoma in NHP conforms to the behavior and prognosis of this neoplasm in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josee Mf Lemoy
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Gregory W Salyards
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rebekah I Keesler
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - J R Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Perlini M, Bugbee A, Secrest S. Computed tomographic appearance of abdominal lymph nodes in healthy cats. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1070-1076. [PMID: 29572939 PMCID: PMC5980431 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Computed tomography (CT) is commonly used in veterinary medicine and plays an important role in disease identification and cancer staging. Identification of abnormal abdominal lymph nodes is important for clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic decision making. No published study describes the CT appearance of abdominal lymph nodes in healthy cats. Hypothesis/Objectives All abdominal lymph centers will be identified on CT with the majority of lymph nodes being elongated and homogenously contrast enhancing. Animals Sixteen healthy cats without clinical or biochemical evidence of disease. Methods Precontrast and postcontrast CT images of sedated healthy cats were used to identify the presence and descriptive characteristics of intra‐abdominal lymph nodes. These assessments then were compared with patient characteristics to identify possible correlations. Results Abdominal lymph nodes were readily identified on CT with caudal mesenteric, colic, hepatic, inguinal, and pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes identified in 16/16 cats. Lymph node size and shape varied among lymph centers with nearly all lymph nodes homogeneously contrast enhancing in 515/525. Significant negative correlations were identified between age and length (P = .0166) and width (P = .0387) of abdominal lymph nodes as well as age and number of sacral lymph nodes (P = .0493). Intranodal fat was present in 18/525 lymph nodes. Conclusions and Clinical Importance CT readily permitted identification and characterization of feline abdominal lymph nodes. This study provides subjective and objective data on the CT characteristics of abdominal lymph nodes in 16 healthy cats, with younger cats having larger abdominal lymph nodes and a higher number of sacral lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Perlini
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia
| | - Andrew Bugbee
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia
| | - Scott Secrest
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia
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Muñiz Moris L, Barker D, Taeymans O, Demetriou J, Llabres‐Diaz F. Sublingual infiltrative lipoma in a dog mimicking a ranula. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Barker
- Department of SurgeryDick White ReferralsSix Mile BottomCambridgeshireUK
| | - Olivier Taeymans
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingDick White ReferralsSix Mile BottomCambridgeshireUK
| | - Jackie Demetriou
- Department of SurgeryDick White ReferralsSix Mile BottomCambridgeshireUK
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16
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Lai GP, Selmic LE, Hummel DH, Joslyn SK. Mandibular infiltrative lipoma in a mixed breed dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Pei‐Chun Lai
- Small Animal Clinical ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Veterinary Clinical MedicineUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - David H Hummel
- Chicago Veterinary Emergency and Specialty CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Stephen K Joslyn
- Veterinary Clinical MedicineUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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