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Falerno I, Paolini A, Tamburro R, Aste G, De Bonis A, Terragni R, Vignoli M. Imaging and endoscopic diagnosis of lung diseases in small animals. A review. Top Companion Anim Med 2022; 51:100701. [PMID: 36041659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic imaging plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. Radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and endoscopy are important tools for achieving a diagnosis. The choice of diagnostic procedure varies according to the patient, the suspected diagnosis and the risk/benefit ratio. Culture, cytology and histology are nearly always necessary to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Several biopsy sampling techniques are described. Surgical biopsies are the gold standard for the diagnosis of bronchiolitis or interstitial lung diseases but often not performed due to the high risk. In humans, the introduction of transbronchial cryobiopsies has led to excellent results in the study of interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Falerno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Paolini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tamburro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Aste
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Andrea De Bonis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | | | - Massimo Vignoli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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McDonough SP, Scrivani PV, Gendron K, Tse M. Mediastinal Serous Cavity Mesothelioma in Two Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:194-202. [PMID: 35793490 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mediastinal serous cavity (MSC)-well documented but seldom recognized in the caudal mediastinum-is embryologically derived from the omental bursa. Mesothelioma arising from the MSC in two dogs is described. Both dogs presented with acute life-threatening hemorrhagic pleural effusion. Contrast computed tomography revealed a large solitary spherical-to-cylindrical tumor in the caudal mediastinum with variably thick, contrast-enhancing walls with lobular to frond-like proliferations that arose circumferentially and projected internally into a single, variably sized, fluid-attenuating lumen. The wall and lumen corresponded to the serous membrane and serous cavity of the MSC. Surgical exploration confirmed that both tumors arose from the mediastinum. Both had similar histologic findings, and special stains were necessary for definitive diagnosis. The tumor was nonresectable in one dog, and it was euthanized intraoperatively. The other survived 7 mo. An MSC mesothelioma should be considered a possible cause of hemothorax in dogs that may be detected on thoracic radiography and computed tomography. Differential diagnoses include esophageal foreign body or neoplasm, paraesophageal diaphragmatic hernia, MCS empyema, and pulmonary adenocarcinoma, with thoracic computed tomography helping to rule out foreign body and diaphragmatic hernia. For confirmed neoplasms, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry should be performed to differentiate between mesothelioma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P McDonough
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.P.M.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Peter V Scrivani
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences (P.V.S.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Karine Gendron
- From the Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (K.G.)
| | - May Tse
- From the City University Diagnostic Laboratory, Lowloon, Hong Kong (M.T.)
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Gruget E, Cabon Q, Gory G. Description of the CT evolution of pyothorax and a caudal mediastinal paraesophageal empyema in a cat. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Gruget
- Diagnostic Imaging Olliolis Veterinary Clinic Ollioules France
| | | | - Guillaume Gory
- Diagnostic Imaging Olliolis Veterinary Clinic Ollioules France
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Lomas DC, Garrett K, Taylor D, Havlicek M, Jenkins PL. Primary mediastinal spindle cell sarcoma in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Lomas
- Surgery Department Small Animal Specialist Hospital Central Coast New South Wales Australia
| | - Katrina Garrett
- Radiology Department Small Animal Specialist Hospital Central Coast New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Martin Havlicek
- Surgery Department Small Animal Specialist Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Paul L. Jenkins
- Surgery Department Small Animal Specialist Hospital Central Coast New South Wales Australia
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McGrath AM, Salyer SA, Seelmann A, Lundberg AP, Leonard MR, Lorbach JN, Lumbrezer-Johnson S, Hostnik ET, Tremolada G, Lapsley J, Selmic LE. Mediastinal Fibrosarcoma in a Dog–Case Report. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:820956. [PMID: 35224085 PMCID: PMC8863873 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.820956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This represents the first published case report of mediastinal fibrosarcoma in a dog. An 8-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of lethargy and increased panting. Thoracic focused assessment with sonography for trauma revealed moderate pleural effusion. Thoracic radiograph findings were suggestive of a cranial mediastinal mass. Computed tomography revealed a mass within the right ventral aspect of the cranial mediastinum. On surgical exploration, a cranial mediastinal mass with an adhesion to the right cranial lung lobe was identified and removed en-bloc using a vessel sealant device and requiring a partial lung lobectomy. Histopathology results described the cranial mediastinal mass as fibrosarcoma with reactive mesothelial cells identified within the sternal lymph node. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy following surgical removal. To date, the dog has survived 223 days following diagnosis with recurrence noted 161 days following diagnosis and radiation therapy was initiated. Primary cranial mediastinal fibrosarcoma while a seemingly rare cause of thoracic pathology in dogs, should be considered in the differential diagnosis for a cranial mediastinal mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha M. McGrath
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sarah A. Salyer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amanda Seelmann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Alycen P. Lundberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Melissa R. Leonard
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joshua N. Lorbach
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sarah Lumbrezer-Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Eric T. Hostnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Giovanni Tremolada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Janis Lapsley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Laura E. Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura E. Selmic
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Kormpou F, Taeymans O, Esmieu SL, Ribas A, Caine A. Two cases (a cat and a dog) illustrating computed tomographic features distinguishing an accessory lung lobe mass from a caudal mediastinal origin. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Kormpou
- Diagnostic Imaging Dick White Referrals Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire UK
| | - Olivier Taeymans
- Diagnostic Imaging Dick White Referrals Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire UK
| | - Shanti Lucie Esmieu
- Diagnostic Imaging Dick White Referrals Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire UK
| | - Ariadna Ribas
- Diagnostic Imaging Dick White Referrals Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire UK
| | - Abby Caine
- Diagnostic Imaging Dick White Referrals Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom Cambridgeshire UK
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