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Miles JE, Mazdarani P. Effect of center of rotation of angulation-based levelling osteotomy on instantaneous center of rotation ex vivo. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1845-1851. [PMID: 38282014 PMCID: PMC11147888 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cranial cruciate ligament rupture is a common cause of femorotibial instability in dogs. Despite numerous techniques being described for achieving joint stabilization, no consensus exists on the optimal management strategy. This ex vivo study utilized the path of the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) to compare normal, pathological and treated joints. Fluoroscopic recordings of seven limbs from a previous study of canine stifle joint stability following center of rotation of angulation-based levelling osteotomy (CBLO) with and without hamstring loading were analyzed using least-squares approximation of the ICR and estimation of percentage gliding (vs. rolling) to determine if alterations in ICR path and gliding caused by CCL transection and following meniscal release could be normalized by CBLO. In intact joints, the ICR path was located mid-condyle, but this shifted significantly proximally and caudally following CCL transection and medial meniscal release (p < 0.007, p < 0.04). Hamstring loading resulted in qualitative and some quantitative improvements in joint movement based on percentage gliding movement analysis. The ICR path after CBLO remained significantly different to the intact location with or without a hamstring load (p < 0.02, p < 0.04), potentially consistent with CBLO aims of mild residual instability. CBLO resulted in percentage gliding characteristics not significantly different to intact joints (p > 0.08). Qualitative improvements in ICR path and percentage gliding quantities and variability suggest that hamstring loading positively influences joint biomechanics and that further investigation of this role ex vivo and clinically is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Edward Miles
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 16, Frederiksberg C, 1870, Denmark.
| | - Parisa Mazdarani
- Current address: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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Tinga S, Hughes N, Jones SC, Park B, Palm L, Desaraju SS, Banks SA, MacArthur SL, Lewis DD. Stifle kinematics in 4 dogs with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency treated by CORA-based leveling osteotomy. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1052327. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1052327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to quantify three-dimensional (3D) stifle kinematics during walking in dogs with complete cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency (CCL-I) treated with a CORA-based leveling osteotomy (CBLO).Study designFour client-owned dogs with unilateral complete CCL-I were prospectively enrolled. Custom digital 3D models of the femora and tibiae were created from pre-and postoperative computed tomographic scans for each dog. Lateral view fluoroscopic images were collected during treadmill walking preoperatively and 6 months after CBLO. Results were generated using a 3D-to-2D image registration process. Pre-and postoperative stifle kinematics (craniocaudal translation, extension angle) were compared to that of the unaffected contralateral (control) stifle. Force plate gait analysis was performed, and symmetry indices (SI) were calculated for peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI).ResultsAfter CBLO, craniocaudal femorotibial motion was reduced by a median (range) of 43.0 (17.0–52.6) % over the complete gait cycle. Median (range) PVF SI was 0.49 (0.26–0.56) preoperatively and 0.92 (0.86–1.00) postoperatively, and VI SI was 0.44 (0.20–0.48) preoperatively and 0.92 (0.82–0.99) postoperatively.ConclusionCBLO mitigated but did not fully resolve abnormal craniocaudal translation; lameness was substantially improved at 6 months.
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Mazdarani P, Pedram MS, Miles JE. Effect of center of angulation of rotation-based leveling osteotomy on ex vivo stifle joint stability following cranial cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscal release with and without a hamstring load. Vet Surg 2022; 51:940-951. [PMID: 35289413 PMCID: PMC9546295 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of center of rotation of angulation (CORA)‐based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) and hamstring load on stifle stability following cranial cruciate ligament transection (CCLx) and medial meniscal release (MMR). Study design Ex vivo experimental study. Sample population Cadaver hind limb preparations (n = 7). Methods After instrumentation, constant quadriceps and gastrocnemius loads with an optional hamstring load in a 3:1:0.6 ratio were applied, and stifles were extended from fully flexed using an electrical motor during fluoroscopic recording. The recording process was repeated after each of CCLx, MMR and CBLO and the extracted landmark coordinates were used for calculation of cranial tibial translation (CTT) and patellar ligament angle (PTA). Results Mean initial tibial plateau angle was 28.1°: post‐CBLO the mean was 9.7°. Cranial tibial translation developed from 50° and 75° with CCLx and MMR respectively (p < .04, < .02) without hamstring loading. Hamstring loading mitigated CTT due to CCLx and delayed CTT until 120° for MMR (P < .02) in this model. CBLO prevented CTT, except at 140° without hamstring loading (P = .01). Similar results were seen for PTA, but CBLO curves were parallel to and lower than intact values at all tested angles (P < .04), consistent with induced effective joint flexion. Conclusion CBLO to a target tibial plateau angle of 10° largely eliminated CTT induced by CCLx and MMR. Hamstring loads of 20% quadriceps load improved stifle stability in this model. Impact Stifle stability following CBLO appears to be multifactorial and depends on meniscal integrity, joint angle, and hamstring strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mazdarani
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mir Sepehr Pedram
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - James E Miles
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Kwon M, Kwon D, Lee J, Lee K, Yoon H. Evaluation of the Radial Procurvatum Using the Center of Rotation of Angulation Methodology in Chondrodystrophic Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:774993. [PMID: 35047584 PMCID: PMC8761723 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.774993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The radial joint orientation angles were calculated using the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) methodology within the frontal and sagittal planes in chondrodystrophic dog breeds, including Welsh Corgi, Dachshund, Pekinese, Poodle, Beagle and Maltese, and it was compared whether there is a statistically significant difference between the breeds. Radial joint orientation angles were obtained in eighty-eight dogs, including 23 Welsh Corgis, 16 Dachshunds, 14 Pekinese, 13 Maltese, 12 Poodles and 10 Beagles. Using the CORA methodology, the cranial proximal radial angle (CrPRA) and caudal distal radial angle (CdDRA) in the sagittal plane and medial proximal radial angle (MPRA) and lateral distal radial angle (LDRA) in the frontal plane were measured for the six breeds studied. The mean values of joint angles for each breed were compared statistically were observed. The CrPRA, CdDRA, and LDRA mean values of Dachshund and Welsh Corgi breeds were significantly smaller than other breeds, and in MPRA, Pekingese showed significantly smaller values than other breeds. This study confirms that the mean values of radial joint orientation angles can be significantly different among chondrodystrophic breeds. To accurately evaluate the degree of angular deformity of the radius, it may be helpful to refer to the average value for each breed with chondrodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Danbee Kwon
- Bundang Leaders Animal Medical Center, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Jonghyop Lee
- Nel Animal Medical Center, Anyang-si, South Korea
| | - Kichang Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Hakyoung Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, South Korea
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Comparison of tibial anatomical-mechanical axis angles and patellar positions between tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy (AMA-based CCWO) for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in large dogs with tibial plateau slopes greater than 30° and clinically normal Labradors retrievers. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:368. [PMID: 34861875 PMCID: PMC8641203 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate tibial anatomical-mechanical axis angles (AMA-angles) and proximodistal and craniocaudal patellar positions following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and AMA-based modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy (CCWO) in large dogs with tibial plateau angle (TPA) > 30°, to compare these postoperative positions with those of a control group of healthy normal dogs, and to assess which procedure yields postoperative morphology of the tibiae and stifles that is most consistent with that of the unaffected group. This study also investigated whether the occurrence of patellar ligament thickening (PLT), which is commonly observed 2 months postoperatively after TPLO, is associated with misplacement of the osteotomy. A total of 120 dogs weighing more than 20 kg, 40 of which were control animals, were enrolled in this retrospective study. Stifles were radiographically evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively on the side with CCLR and on the healthy contralateral side and compared with clinically normal stifles. PLT was reassessed after 2 months. Results Significant decreases in median patellar height ratio were found after both procedures (TPLO 0.24 (0.05–0.8); CCWO 0.22 (0.05–0.4)). The postoperative craniocaudal patellar position and the median AMA angle differed significantly among the groups (P = 0.000) (TPLO 87.5% caudal to the AA and 3.12° (0.76–6.98°); CCWO 100% cranial to the AA and 0° (− 1.34–0.65°); control group 5% caudal to the AA and 0.99° (0–3.39°)). At 8 weeks, PLT grade differed significantly in the two operated groups (P = 0.000) (TPLO 40% 0–2, 20% 2–4, 40% > 4; CCWO 98.8% 0). Conclusions TPLO and AMA-based CCWO are associated with significant decreases in patellar height; however, the PLT results 2 months postoperatively differed between the two groups; the decrease in patellar height and PLT were independent of osteotomy position in the TPLO group. Compared to TPLO, CCWO results in reduced postoperative AMA angles and craniocaudal patellar positions that more closely resemble those of unaffected dogs, suggesting that the CCWO procedure allows us to better correct the caudal bowing of the proximal tibia that is often associated with deficient stifles in large dogs with TPA > 30°.
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Ji C, Chen Y, Zhu L, Zhang J. Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Clinical Treatment of Joint Complications and CT Observation. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:6667046. [PMID: 33680415 PMCID: PMC7925042 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Arthroscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing ACL injuries. It is a dual clinical technique for examination and treatment, which can effectively target the injury site for repair and treatment and can also accurately identify the lesion site and determine the degree of ligament injury through visual and three-dimensional observation of ligament injuries that are difficult to detect on imaging. However, this technique is invasive, so the clinic still needs to improve the related auxiliary imaging examination. In this paper, we performed MPR and VRT on patients with ACL injury and postprocessed the data. The diagnostic compliance rate of dual-source CT was 91.67% (33/36), the true positive rate was 93.33% (28/30), the missed rate was 6.67% (2/30), the true negative rate was 83.33% (5/6), and the misdiagnosis rate was 83.33% (5/6). The rate of true negative was 83.33% (5/6), and the rate of false diagnosis was 16.67% (1/6). Kappa analysis of the consistency between dual-source CT and arthroscopy showed a Kappa value of 0.719, indicating a high degree of consistency between the two examinations. In conclusion, MPR and VRT images are of clinical value for the diagnosis of ACL injury. In addition, dual-source CT can measure the CT value of the ACL and the thickness of each segment by MPR and VRT postprocessing techniques to diagnose the ligament injury in an objective, quantitative, and noninvasive way and can use dual-energy staining techniques to predict the ligament injury in a more intuitive way, which is not available in some arthroscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ji
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Orthopedics Department, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Anesthesiology Department, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liulong Zhu
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Orthopedics Department, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Orthopedics Department, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
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Geometric modelling of CORA-based levelling osteotomy in the dog. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:127-133. [PMID: 33485053 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Centre of rotation of angulation (CORA)-based levelling osteotomy (CBLO) is a recent addition to surgical procedures for stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient canine stifle joint. Careful identification of the CORA location preoperatively and use of this location intraoperatively are required to ensure accurate correction of the tibial plateau angle. Limited data are available regarding the magnitude and source of potential errors during planning and execution of CBLO. A geometric model enabling isolation of various error sources is described. Landmarks were derived from tibial radiographs (n = 50) by 5 observers and used to define proximal and distal anatomical axes for simulation of CBLO. Observer-specific CORA locations with mean landmark data were used to assess planning errors, and simulated malpositioning of the CORA at 10 mm from the ideal location was used to assess surgical errors. Planning errors result mainly from tibial plateau misidentification, with CORA locations dispersed up to ±10 mm proximodistally from ideal (95% confidence). Malpositioning of the CORA during surgery causes equal and opposite changes in tibial plateau angle (TPA) and anatomical-mechanical axis angles, and varying degrees of translation and limb length changes. The magnitude of these changes is dependent on initial TPA and limb length, with smaller dogs and steeper tibial plateaus resulting in larger errors. Optimal planning and execution are required to achieve the planned outcome of CBLO. The main source of error in our simulation is identification of the tibial plateau. While both pre- and intraoperative errors influenced TPA, based on our geometric model the effect in larger dogs may not be clinically significant. If distalisation of the CORA is required during surgery, compensation of the CORA angle to maintain the target TPA is possible.
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Agnello KA, Hayashi K, Brown DC. Arthroscopic Articular Cartilage Scores of the Canine Stifle Joint with Naturally Occurring Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2020; 34:153-160. [PMID: 33142348 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate frequency, location and severity of cartilage pathology in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease. STUDY DESIGN Stifle arthroscopic video recordings (n = 120) were reviewed. A modified Outerbridge classification system (MOCS) (0-4) was used to score cartilage at 10 locations in the femorotibial (medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibial plateaus) and patellofemoral compartments (proximal, middle and distal locations of the patella and femoral trochlear groove) of the stifle joint. Synovial pathology was scored and the presence of a medial meniscal tear was recorded. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate association of location and synovitis with cartilage score; and presence of meniscal tear with cartilage and synovitis scores. Bonferroni correction was utilized and p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Cartilage pathology and synovitis were identified in all joints. Overall cartilage severity scores were low (median MOCS 1). The median MOCS of the proximal trochlear groove (2) was significantly higher than all other locations evaluated. Higher synovitis scores were significantly associated with higher cartilage severity scores and a medial meniscal tear had no association with cartilage severity scores or synovitis. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic articular cartilage lesions are common in dogs with CCL disease at the time of surgical intervention, although the severity of cartilage damage is mild. The proximal trochlear groove of the femur had the most severe cartilage score in the stifle joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Agnello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Dorothy Cimino Brown
- Companion Animal Research, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, Indiana, United States
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Murphy SC, Egan PM, Fitzpatrick NM. Synthetic osteochondral resurfacing for treatment of large caudocentral osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the humeral head in 24 dogs. Vet Surg 2019; 48:858-868. [PMID: 31115058 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the outcome of dogs with large, caudocentral, osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the humeral head treated with synthetic osteochondral resurfacing (SOR) implants. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS Twenty-four client-owned large breed or giant dogs. METHODS The medical records of all dogs treated with first generation (G1) and second generation (G2) SOR implants were reviewed. All dogs were assessed with clinical examination and imaging 12 weeks after surgery. Assessment of outcome was based on subjective assessment of lameness, scoring of postoperative radiographs, and the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) questionnaire. RESULTS Osteochondral resurfacing was performed with a G1 implant in 13 dogs (15 shoulders) and a G2 implant in 11 dogs (13 shoulders). Lameness resolved in all dogs treated with G1 implants and in 10 dogs treated with G2 implants by 12 weeks after surgery. One dog treated with a G2 implant was found to have an implant-associated infection, requiring implant removal. No recurrence of lameness was reported in 9 limbs treated with G1 implants and 10 limbs treated with G2 implants that were available for clinical review at a median time of 387 and 365 days, respectively, after surgery. Mean postoperative LOAD scores were 4.2 of 52 and 5.2 of 52 in dogs treated with a G1 or a G2 implant, respectively. CONCLUSION Synthetic resurfacing was technically feasible in all joints of this study and resulted in good clinical results. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of SOR implants seems viable to treat large caudocentral OCD lesions of the humeral head in dogs and warrants prospective comparison with conventional arthroscopic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Murphy
- Orthopaedics and Neurology, Fitzpatrick Referrals, Eashing, Surrey, England
| | - Padraig M Egan
- Orthopaedics and Neurology, Fitzpatrick Referrals, Eashing, Surrey, England
| | - Noel M Fitzpatrick
- Orthopaedics and Neurology, Fitzpatrick Referrals, Eashing, Surrey, England
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